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Murata K, Namisaki T, Fujimoto Y, Takeda S, Enomoto M, Takaya H, Tsuji Y, Shibamoto A, Suzuki J, Kubo T, Iwai S, Tomooka F, Tanaka M, Kaneko M, Asada S, Koizumi A, Yorioka N, Matsuda T, Ozutsumi T, Ishida K, Ogawa H, Takagi H, Fujinaga Y, Furukawa M, Sawada Y, Nishimura N, Kitagawa K, Sato S, Kaji K, Inoue T, Asada K, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Akahane T, Mitoro A, Yoshiji H. Clinical Significance of Serum Zinc Levels on the Development of Sarcopenia in Cirrhotic Patients. Cancer Diagn Progn 2022; 2:184-193. [PMID: 35399181 PMCID: PMC8962814 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sarcopenia increases the mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Approximately 60% of zinc is accumulated in skeletal muscle. We aimed to determine the role of subclinical zinc deficiency on sarcopenia development in patients with cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 151 patients with cirrhosis and divided them into the group with normal serum zinc levels (Group N: 80-130 μg/dl; n=38) and group with subclinical zinc deficiency (Group D: <80 μg/dl; n=113). The risk factors for sarcopenia were then investigated. RESULTS Group D had more sarcopenia cases than Group N (31.0% vs. 13.2%). In group D, HGS exhibited a weakly positive but significant correlation with serum zinc levels (R=0.287, p=0.00212), serum zinc levels negatively correlated with both ammonia and myostatin levels (R=-0.254, p=0.0078; R=-0.33, p<0.01), and low zinc levels were independently associated with sarcopenia development. CONCLUSION Patients with cirrhosis showing subclinical zinc deficiency have a significantly higher risk of developing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shibamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwai
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Tomooka
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Misako Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Miki Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shohei Asada
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yorioka
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ozutsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Koji Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hirotetsu Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masanori Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Koh Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asada
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akira Mitoro
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology of Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Abstract
The effects of subclinical Zn deficiency on depletion and redistribution of body Zn were studied in weaned piglets. Forty-eight weaned piglets (German-Large-White×Land-Race×Piétrain; 50 % female, 50 % male-castrated; body weight 8·5 (sd 0·27) kg) were fed restrictively (450 g/d) a basal maize-soyabean meal-based diet supplemented with varying amounts of ZnSO4.7H2O (analysed dietary Zn: 28·1, 33·6, 38·8, 42·7, 47·5, 58·2, 67·8, 88·0 mg/kg diet) for an experimental period of 8 d. Analyses comprised Zn concentrations in soft tissues. Statistical analyses included regression models and k-means cluster analysis. Jejunum and kidney Zn correlated positively with dietary Zn (P<0·05). Other Zn pools responded in a non-linear fashion by declining (colon, epidermis, spleen) or increasing (mesenteric lymph follicles, thymus, skeletal muscle) below 63·6, 48·0, 47·5, 68·0, 43·0 and 53·1 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively (P<0·01). Above these thresholds, Zn concentrations in epidermis, mesenteric lymph follicles and skeletal muscle plateaued (P<0·0001), whereas they exhibited a decrease in colon and thymus (P<0·01) as well as a numerical increase in spleen. Clustering by dietary Zn concentration indicated clusters of varying Zn supply status and pathophysiological status. Clustering by biological matrices revealed a discrimination between storage, transport and excretion media as well as soft tissues. Taken together, novel response patterns indicated compensation reactions in tissues that are essential for the acute survival of growing animals (heart, skeletal muscle, immune tissues). Furthermore, this is to our knowledge the first study that mapped the gross Zn requirement by clustering tissue Zn concentrations between treatment groups.
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Brugger D, Windisch WM. Subclinical zinc deficiency impairs pancreatic digestive enzyme activity and digestive capacity of weaned piglets. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:425-33. [PMID: 27230230 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of short-term subclinical Zn deficiency on exocrine pancreatic activity and changes in digestive capacity. A total of forty-eight weaned piglets were fed ad libitum a basal diet (maize and soyabean meal) with adequate Zn supply (88 mg Zn/kg diet) during a 2-week acclimatisation phase. Animals were then assigned to eight dietary treatment groups (n 6) according to a complete randomised block design considering litter, live weight and sex. All pigs were fed restrictively (450 g diet/d) the basal diet but with varying ZnSO4.7H2O additions, resulting in 28·1, 33·6, 38·8, 42·7, 47·5, 58·2, 67·8 and 88·0 mg Zn/kg diet for a total experimental period of 8 d. Pancreatic Zn concentrations and pancreatic activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A and B, elastase and α-amylase exhibited a broken-line response to stepwise reduction in dietary Zn by declining beneath thresholds of 39·0, 58·0, 58·0, 41·2, 47·5, 57·7 and 58·0 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively. Furthermore, carboxypeptidase B and α-amylase activities were significantly lower in samples with reduced pancreatic Zn contents. Coefficients of faecal digestibility of DM, crude protein, total lipids and crude ash responded similarly to pancreatic enzyme activities by declining below dietary thresholds of 54·7, 45·0, 46·9 and 58·2 mg Zn/kg diet, respectively. In conclusion, (1) subclinical Zn deficiency impaired pancreatic exocrine enzymes, (2) this response was connected to pancreatic Zn metabolism and (3) the decline in catalytic activity impaired faecal digestibility already after 1 week of insufficient alimentary Zn supply and very early before clinical deficiency symptoms arise.
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