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Blanckaert G, Van Calster J, Jansen J, Vander Mijnsbrugge J, Delbecq AL, De Clerck I, Fils JF, Stalmans P. Efficacy and safety of the implantation of a single-piece angulated foldable IOL in the sulcus. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06459-0. [PMID: 38602516 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the visual results and tolerance of a Zeiss CT Lucia 601P intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the sulcus after complicated cataract surgery or during IOL exchange for clouded IOL. METHODS In total, 64 patients who underwent sulcus implantation were recalled to the hospital to undergo subjective and objective refraction, best corrected visual acuity measurement, tonometry, optical coherence tomography, laser flare photometry, biometry, and wavefront aberrometry. RESULTS In spite of a large variation in preoperative refraction, the target refraction was obtained within 1.5 diopters in approximately 97% of patients and within 0.5 diopter in 53% of patients. Average BCVA was high (Snellen 0.86) and related to concomitant (mostly retinal) pathologies in eyes with poorer visual performance. Wavefront aberrometry showed no evidence of IOL tilting or decentration after long-term implantation in the sulcus. Tonometry was not different from the fellow eye of the patient (p > 0.5). In 53 patients with bilateral pseudophakia, the laser flare photometry was not significantly different from the fellow eye (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that this single-piece angulated foldable acrylic IOL can be considered for implantation in the sulcus. The visual results are favorable, and the IOL can be well-positioned and tolerated in the sulcus. Moreover, there were no safety issues found since there was no evidence of elevated IOP or chronic uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joyce Jansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ann-Laure Delbecq
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo De Clerck
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter Stalmans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Adamson CL, Alexander B, Kelly CE, Ball G, Beare R, Cheong JLY, Spittle AJ, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Seal ML, Thompson DK. Updates to the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain Software Package (M-CRIB-S). Neuroinformatics 2024; 22:207-223. [PMID: 38492127 PMCID: PMC11021251 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-024-09656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The delineation of cortical areas on magnetic resonance images (MRI) is important for understanding the complexities of the developing human brain. The previous version of the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB-S) (Adamson et al. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 10, 2020) is a software package that performs whole-brain segmentation, cortical surface extraction and parcellation of the neonatal brain. Available cortical parcellation schemes in the M-CRIB-S are the adult-compatible 34- and 31-region per hemisphere Desikan-Killiany (DK) and Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT), respectively. We present a major update to the software package which achieves two aims: 1) to make the voxel-based segmentation outputs derived from the Freesurfer-compatible M-CRIB scheme, and 2) to improve the accuracy of whole-brain segmentation and cortical surface extraction. Cortical surface extraction has been improved with additional steps to improve penetration of the inner surface into thin gyri. The improved cortical surface extraction is shown to increase the robustness of measures such as surface area, cortical thickness, and cortical volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris L Adamson
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Bonnie Alexander
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Claire E Kelly
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth Ball
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc L Seal
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Royal Children's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Shao CG, Gharabagi AP, King J, Webel AD. Sulcus Tube Internal Needle Guidewire Technique for Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement: Improving Surgical Ease and Precision. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:635-643. [PMID: 38060193 PMCID: PMC10787709 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the rise of micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), glaucoma drainage device implantation continues to be a mainstay among glaucoma surgical treatment options. Anterior chamber tube placement, while effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), poses corneal endothelial risks. Ciliary sulcus tube placement shows promise in reduced corneal endothelial cell loss, but proper sulcus placement can be challenging. Our study describes the initial safety and effectiveness results using a novel sulcus tube internal needle guidewire (STING) technique for glaucoma drainage device insertion into the ciliary sulcus. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all consecutive patients who underwent the STING technique using the Ahmed ClearPath, Ahmed Glaucoma Valve, or Baerveldt glaucoma implant with at least 6 months of follow-up. Demographic characteristics, type of glaucoma, previous medical and surgical treatment, pre- and postoperative IOP, pre- and postoperative medications, complications, and success rates were recorded. RESULTS Out of nine eyes, seven resulted in qualified success (77.8%). Preoperative mean IOP was 23.8 ± 6.3 mmHg, and postoperative IOP decreased significantly to 14.9 ± 3.7 mmHg (p = 0.008). The average number of preoperative medications per patient was 4.4 ± 0.7, while the average number of postoperative medications per patient was reduced significantly to 3.6 ± 1.0 (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION The STING technique is a novel method for placing a glaucoma drainage device into the ciliary sulcus, leading to IOP lowering with minimal complications. The STING technique is designed to improve surgical ease and increase anatomical precision of sulcus tube placement. Video available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine G Shao
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ariess P Gharabagi
- University of Missouri-Columbia Mason Eye Institute, 3215 Wingate Ct Ste 102, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Joshua King
- University of Missouri-Columbia Mason Eye Institute, 3215 Wingate Ct Ste 102, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Aaron D Webel
- University of Missouri-Columbia Mason Eye Institute, 3215 Wingate Ct Ste 102, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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Nerurkar NK, Nagree Z. Vocal Outcomes Following Laser-Assisted Sulcus Release for Superficial and Deep Vocal Fold Sulcus. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00230-8. [PMID: 37633801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective is to study vocal outcomes following laser-assisted sulcus release (LASR), having documented the length and depth of the sulcus intraoperatively. LASR performed for superficial and deep sulci were included. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, observational. METHODS The preoperative and 3-month postoperative and post voice-therapy Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI), Grade-Roughness-Breathiness-Asthenia-Strain of the voice (GRBAS), Maximum Phonation Time (MPT), Fundamental Frequency (FO), and stroboscopy findings were noted retrospectively from our voice clinic records of LASR patients. Intraoperative sulci length and depth details were noted from records. Patients with coexisting lesions, surgically tackled, were excluded. RESULTS In a total of 14 patients, 21 superficial sulci and eight deep sulci were operated by LASR. The average preoperative VHI improved from 25.3 to 9.9, GRBAS from 10.6 to 3.5, and MPT from 7.6 to 12.3 seconds. The preoperative average FO was 235.9 Hz in 12 patients (no pick-up in two) with a postoperative 248.4 Hz. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, we found a statistically significant improvement in MPT, VHI, and GRBAS of the patients. There was no significant improvement in the FO of the patients. There was no postoperative voice deterioration in any patient. A preoperative phonatory gap was found in all patients, which postoperatively was absent in 10, markedly decreased in three, present in one with stroboscopy revealing an improvement in mucosal wave amplitude in 13 patients. In four patients with deep bilateral sulci where the LASR had been ligament deep, VHI improved from 26 to 13.3, GRBAS from 12 to 6.5, and MPT from 4.3 to 9.5 seconds. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, all three parameters were significantly improved. CONCLUSION A statistically significant vocal improvement in VHI, GRBAS, and MPT was observed at 3 months, in superficial and deep sulci, operated by LASR. LASR is a simple, quick, and easily replicable surgery. Larger multi-centric studies with long-term follow-up are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Kapoor Nerurkar
- Bombay Hospital Voice and Swallowing Centre, Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Zainab Nagree
- Bombay Hospital Voice and Swallowing Centre, Bombay Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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de Vareilles H, Rivière D, Mangin JF, Dubois J. Development of cortical folds in the human brain: An attempt to review biological hypotheses, early neuroimaging investigations and functional correlates. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101249. [PMID: 37141790 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of the human brain mostly takes place in utero, making it challenging to study. After a few pioneer studies looking into it in post-mortem foetal specimen, modern approaches based on neuroimaging have allowed the community to investigate the folding process in vivo, its normal progression, its early disturbances, and its relationship to later functional outcomes. In this review article, we aimed to first give an overview of the current hypotheses on the mechanisms governing cortical folding. After describing the methodological difficulties raised by its study in fetuses, neonates and infants with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we reported our current understanding of sulcal pattern emergence in the developing brain. We then highlighted the functional relevance of early sulcal development, through recent insights about hemispheric asymmetries and early factors influencing this dynamic such as prematurity. Finally, we outlined how longitudinal studies have started to relate early folding markers and the child's sensorimotor and cognitive outcome. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness on the potential of studying early sulcal patterns both from a fundamental and clinical perspective, as a window into early neurodevelopment and plasticity in relation to growth in utero and postnatal environment of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- H de Vareilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - D Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J F Mangin
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Dubois
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-UNIACT, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract
When? Only patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia types B and D, in which the prominence of the trochlea (supratrochlear spur) is over 5 mm, recurrent patellar dislocation, and maltracking. How? Sulcus deepening trochleoplasty: modifies the trochlear shape with a central groove and oblique medial and lateral facets; decreases the patellofemoral joint reaction force by reducing the trochlear prominence (spur); and reduces the tibial tubercle and the trochlear groove value by a proximal realignment. Pros: This procedure is highly effective in restoring patellofemoral stability and satisfying the patients. Cons: The patients must be aware of the risk of continuing residual pain and range-ofmotion limitation and that the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis is not predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Mesnard
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Ramsay Santé, 8, Avenue Ben Gourion, Lyon 69009, France
| | - David H Dejour
- Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Clinique de la Sauvegarde, Ramsay Santé, 8, Avenue Ben Gourion, Lyon 69009, France
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Wissman RD, Stensby D, Koolwal J, Silva P, Golzy M. The deep medial femoral sulcus sign: does it exist? Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:571-578. [PMID: 32918565 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the normal depth of the medial femoral sulcus on lateral radiographs of the knee and determine if abnormal deepening of the medial femoral sulcus exists as a radiographic indicator of intra-articular knee abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective search was performed over a period of 10 years to identify all individuals with a bone contusion of the anterior medial femoral condyle at MR imaging. Study patients had documented acute knee injuries and radiographs 6 weeks or less prior to their MR. A control group had normal MR exams and radiographs 6 weeks or less prior to their MR. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists independently measured the depth of the medial femoral sulcus on lateral radiographs blinded to control or study individuals. RESULTS The study group consisted of 76 patients (57 men, 19 women; age range, 18-50 years; mean age, 27 years) and 92 control patients (33 men, 59 women; age range, 18-46 years; mean age 26 years). Sulcus depth was (0-2.3 mm reader 1 and 0-1.7 mm reader 2 for controls; 0-2.2 mm reader1 and 0-1.8 mm reader 2 for study patients). No significant difference in sulcus depth was identified between the control and study groups. Inter-reader agreement was very strong. The most common cause of injury in the study group was motor vehicle accidents followed by hyperextension and twisting injuries of the knee. CONCLUSION The normal medial femoral sulcus ranges in depth from 0 to 2.3 mm. Although impaction of the sulcus does occur following knee injuries, the sulcus does not deepen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Wissman
- Department of Radiology One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Derek Stensby
- Department of Radiology One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Juhi Koolwal
- Department of Radiology One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Philip Silva
- Department of Radiology One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Mojgan Golzy
- Department of Health Management and Informatics One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri Health Care, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
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Patti MA, Wochele S, Hu Y, Regier PS, Childress AR, Troiani V. Orbitofrontal sulcogyral morphology in patients with cocaine use disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 305:111174. [PMID: 32920245 PMCID: PMC8126989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to be involved in appropriate processing of rewarding stimuli, and abnormal OFC structure and function has been found in patients with substance use disorders. Atypical patterns of the H-sulcus in the OFC have been primarily identified with schizophrenia, but also with bipolar disorder, both of which are associated with comorbid substance use. Given the high rates of substance use within Axis I psychiatric disorders, it is reasonable to consider how frequencies of OFC patterns in populations with only substance use compare to controls. This information is crucial to disentangle whether atypical frequencies of H-sulcus sulcogyral patterns within psychopathology are associated with the psychiatric or substance use phenotype. Here, we present the first analysis of H-sulcus sulcogyral patterns in a population of adult black men with (n = 84) and without (n = 24) cocaine use disorder (CUD). We find that OFC sulcogyral patterns are not significantly different from the control group, indicating that OFC sulcogyral patterns are not disrupted in patients with CUD. As exploratory analyses, we describe OFC sulcogyral pattern subtypes in this cohort as well as an additional control group (n = 52), in order to add to the growing body of literature on OFC sulcogyral pattern characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Patti
- Geisinger-Bucknell Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, 120 Hamm Drive, Suite 2A, Lewisburg, PA 17837, United States.
| | - Sarah Wochele
- Geisinger-Bucknell Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, 120 Hamm Drive, Suite 2A, Lewisburg, PA 17837, United States
| | - Yirui Hu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Paul S Regier
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anna Rose Childress
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vanessa Troiani
- Geisinger-Bucknell Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, 120 Hamm Drive, Suite 2A, Lewisburg, PA 17837, United States; Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Center for Health Research, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States; Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States; Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States.
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van den Broek EMJM, Heijnen BJ, Hendriksma M, van de Kamp-Lam VAH, Verhagen TO, Langeveld APM, van Benthem PPG, Sjögren EV. Bilateral medialization thyroplasty in patients with vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:2023-9. [PMID: 32240365 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate voice outcome after bilateral medialization thyroplasty in patients with non-paralytic glottic insufficiency due to vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus. Methods Retrospective cohort study on 29 patients undergoing bilateral medialization thyroplasty for vocal fold atrophy (14 procedures) or atrophy with sulcus (15 procedures) between October 2012 and November 2017. Voice data were collected and analyzed for the preoperative and the 3- and 12-month postoperative time point according to a standardized protocol, including Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-30 and perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. Failure rate was based on number of revisions within 12 months and non-relevant improvement (< 10 points) in VHI-30 at 12 months. Results There was a clinically relevant (≥ 15 points) and statistically significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in the VHI-30 (preoperative: 55.8 points; postoperative at 12 months: 30.9 points). Fundamental frequency for male subjects decreased significantly from 175 to 159 Hz (p = 0.0001). The pre- and post-operative grade of dysphonia was significantly lower in patients with atrophy compared to atrophy and sulcus (mean difference 0.70, p = 0.017). Conclusion Bilateral medialization thyroplasty is a valid treatment option for patients with atrophy with or without sulcus. Outcomes are comparable to other methods reported in literature. However, there is a great need for larger, prospective studies with long-term follow-up to gain more insight into the comparative voice outcomes for the different forms of surgery for patients with glottic incompetence due to atrophy with or without sulcus.
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van den Broek EMJM, Heijnen BJ, Hendriksma M, van de Kamp-Lam VAH, Langeveld APM, van Benthem PPG, Sjögren EV. Bilateral vocal fold injection with autologous fat in patients with vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2007-2013. [PMID: 31134359 PMCID: PMC6581917 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate voice outcome after bilateral vocal fold injection with autologous fat in patients with non-paralytic glottic insufficiency due to vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from September 2012 to December 2017 including 23 patients undergoing bilateral vocal fold injection with autologous fat (24 procedures) for vocal fold atrophy (15 procedures) or atrophy with sulcus (Ford type II or III) (9 procedures). Voice data were collected and analyzed for the preoperative and the 3- and 12-month postoperative time points according to a standardized protocol, including Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-30 and perceptive, acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. Failure rate was defined as non-relevant improvement (< 10 points) in VHI-30 at 12 months and number of revisions within 12 months. Results There was a clinically relevant (≥ 15 points) and statistically significant improvement in the VHI-30 (preoperative: 49.1 points; postoperative at 12 months: 29.7 points). Change in dynamic range was also statistically significant over time (p = 0.028). There were no differences in voice parameters between patients with atrophy only and atrophy with sulcus, although grade tended to be lower in patients with atrophy only over all time points. Conclusion This study shows that bilateral vocal fold injection with autologous fat is a beneficial treatment not only for patients with atrophy but also for patients with sulcus. A comparison of the results with those reported from other forms of sulcus surgery confirmed this finding. However, there is a need for further prospective studies comparing the short- and long-term effects of different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emke M J M van den Broek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas J Heijnen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hendriksma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne A H van de Kamp-Lam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P M Langeveld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth V Sjögren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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van den Broek EMJM, Heijnen BJ, Hendriksma M, Langeveld APM, van Benthem PPG, Sjögren EV. Bilateral trial vocal fold injection with hyaluronic acid in patients with vocal fold atrophy with or without sulcus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1413-1422. [PMID: 30859293 PMCID: PMC6458982 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the outcome of bilateral trial vocal fold injection (VFI) with hyaluronic acid in patients with vocal fold atrophy ± sulcus and to assess the predictive value of trial VFI on the outcome of durable medialization procedure. Methods Voice data collected according to a standardized protocol before and one month after trial VFI of 68 patients with vocal fold atrophy (30) and atrophy with sulcus (38) were analyzed. Voice Handicap Index (VHI)-30 was compared to the outcome of a durable medialization at 3 and 12 months. Results The overall VHI-30 improvement was 16.8 points (from 49.9 to 33.1), which was statistically significant and clinically relevant. 57.8% of the patients experienced enough subjective benefit after trial VFI to undergo durable medialization. Of the patients that experienced subjective benefit 62% had a clinically relevant improvement in VHI-30. There was no relevant change in other parameters and no difference between ± sulcus. After durable medialization 90–94% of the patients had VHI-30 scores similar to or better than post-trial VFI. Conclusion The majority of patients experience subjective improvement after bilateral trial VFI indicating that medialization is a valid treatment option for patients with vocal fold atrophy ± sulcus. The VHI-30 only partially overlaps with patients’ subjective evaluation and does not predict which patients will experience subjective improvement. It is, however, predictive for VHI-30 outcome after durable medialization. The aerodynamic and acoustic parameters showed no relevant change. Further identification of voice assessment parameters accurately reflecting the subjective experience of these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emke M J M van den Broek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas J Heijnen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hendriksma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P M Langeveld
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Paul G van Benthem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth V Sjögren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO-Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Xie G, Zhang C, Fang Z, Zhao J, Huangfu X. Comparation and evaluation of the accuracy of the sulcus localization method to establish the medial patellofemoral ligament femoral tunnel: a cadaveric and clinical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:53. [PMID: 30732597 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In anatomic medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, malpositioning of the MPFL femoral tunnel is common. A palpable sulcus reportedly exists at the anatomic femoral attachment of the MPFL. The present study aimed to investigate the accuracy of the sulcus localization method to establish the MPFL femoral tunnel. Methods A cadaveric study was first done on 12 knees to evaluate the accuracy of the sulcus localization method to establish the entry points of the MPFL femoral tunnel in comparison with the midpoint and fluoroscopic localization methods. The center of the native MPFL femoral attachment was served as the reference in the cadaveric study. A clinical study was then performed to further evaluate the accuracy of the sulcus localization method in 53 patients (60 knees). Schöttle’s point was served as the reference in the clinical study. Femoral tunnel placement was defined as accurate when it was less than 5 mm from Schöttle’s point. In both the cadaveric and clinical studies, MPFL femoral tunnel placement was assessed on postoperative reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography images. In the cadaveric study, the accuracy of different localization methods was compared using analysis of variance. Results In the cadaveric study, the mean distances from the native MPFL attachment to the femoral tunnel entry point were 4.2 ± 1.0 mm (range 2.4–5.6 mm), 4.4 ± 1.4 mm (range 1.8–6.6 mm) and 2.9 ± 0.8 mm (range 1.9–4.4 mm) using the midpoint, fluoroscopic, and sulcus localization methods, respectively; this distance significantly differed between the midpoint and sulcus localization methods, and between the fluoroscopic and sulcus localization methods (p ≤ .05). While there were no significant differences between the midpoint and fluoroscopic localization methods (n.s.). In the clinical study, the mean distance between the femoral tunnel and Schöttle’s point was 3.5 ± 1.5 mm (range 0.4–6.1 mm), with accurate tunnel placement achieved in 49 of 60 cases (82%). Conclusion The sulcus localization method can accurately guide MPFL femoral tunnel placement. This method might be useful for orthopedic surgeons. Level of evidence IV
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Nerurkar NK, Sapre A, Gosavi R. Mucosal bridges (MB): a 9-year retrospective study of their incidence with a third variant proposed. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 276:159-165. [PMID: 30474701 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal bridges (MBs) are rare laryngeal lesions that may cause dysphonia of varying degrees. We propose the existence of a third variant of MB besides thin and thick MBs, and have termed this as an incomplete mucosal bridge (IMB). The concept of an IMB has not been previously discussed in literature. Thin and thick MBs are attached anteriorly and posteriorly on the membranous vocal fold and may cause dysphonia because of their separate vibratory characteristics from the main vocal fold. We propose the presence of an entity named as IMB, which is typically identified by palpation of a slit on the superior surface of the membranous vocal fold. AIM To propose and describe the existence of IMBs. Furthermore, to study the percentage of various types of MBs found while performing microlaryngeal surgeries (MLS) for benign glottic lesions, over a 9-year period at our Voice Clinic. METHOD An IMB may be described as a MB that does not open at its medial edge. Thus it appears as an epithelial slit on the surface of the vocal fold. On palpating this slit with a microflap elevator, a flat pocket lying just below and parallel to the vocal fold epithelium is identified. These pockets are always directed medially (never laterally) and just stop short of opening up at the medial edge. These IMBs differ from sulci and focal pit as sulci and focal pits are not covered with a hood of epithelium. Our operative records of all MLS performed for benign glottic lesions were audited from 2009 to 2017 for cases of MBs. RESULTS A total of 1728 MLS for benign glottic lesions were performed from 2009 to 2017 and 27 MBs were identified in 23 patients, 16 being male. A total of 11 IMBs were identified in 10 patients, with 1 case revealing a bilateral IMB. Other associated lesions were cysts, sulci, and polyps. A total of 14 thin MBs were identified in 11 patients with 3 cases revealing these bilaterally. Two thick MBs were identified in two separate cases, with one case having a bilobed hemorrhagic polyp attached to the thick MB. CONCLUSION Our study found MBs in 1.33% of patients being operated for benign glottic lesions. The incidence of MBs in this group was 1.56% with IMBs accounting for 0.63%, thin MBs accounting for 0.81% and thick MBs in 0.11%. We recommend all patients undergoing MLS be actively palpated for the presence of mucosal bridges including IMBs especially if a small slit is found on the surface of the vocal fold. This is vital for accurate identification and documentation of all the lesions responsible for the patients voice quality. Ours is an ongoing study and we propose to analyze the vocal outcomes associated with surgical management of these IMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Kapoor Nerurkar
- Voice and Swallowing Center, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, 12 New Marine Lines, Mumbai, 400020, India.
| | | | - Rahul Gosavi
- Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Center, Mumbai, India
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Porteous A, Crawley L. Case report of secondary pigment dispersion glaucoma, recurrent uveitis and cystoid macular oedema following inadvertent implantation of an intraocular lens into the ciliary sulcus following cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:219. [PMID: 30255821 PMCID: PMC6157029 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This case highlights the important sequelae that can occur following the inadvertent implantation of a single-piece intraocular lens into the ciliary sulcus during cataract surgery; secondary pigment dispersion glaucoma, recurrent anterior uveitis and macular oedema. Case presentation A 67-year-old lady underwent routine left cataract surgery in a separate unit but subsequently attended our eye casualty with recurrent hypertensive anterior uveitis. She was found to have secondary pigment dispersion glaucoma as the intraocular lens had been inadvertently placed into the ciliary sulcus. She underwent a trabeculectomy to control the intraocular pressure and initially settled well but 12 months later developed persistent anterior segment inflammation and macular oedema. She subsequently had the intraocular lens removed and the macular oedema was treated successfully with intravitreal Bevacizumab. Conclusions We provide a summary of the evidence and a discussion over the management options available in managing such a difficult case.
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Fang SH, Tsao Y, Hsiao MJ, Chen JY, Lai YH, Lin FC, Wang CT. Detection of Pathological Voice Using Cepstrum Vectors: A Deep Learning Approach. J Voice 2019; 33:634-41. [PMID: 29567049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Computerized detection of voice disorders has attracted considerable academic and clinical interest in the hope of providing an effective screening method for voice diseases before endoscopic confirmation. This study proposes a deep-learning-based approach to detect pathological voice and examines its performance and utility compared with other automatic classification algorithms. METHODS This study retrospectively collected 60 normal voice samples and 402 pathological voice samples of 8 common clinical voice disorders in a voice clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital. We extracted Mel frequency cepstral coefficients from 3-second samples of a sustained vowel. The performances of three machine learning algorithms, namely, deep neural network (DNN), support vector machine, and Gaussian mixture model, were evaluated based on a fivefold cross-validation. Collective cases from the voice disorder database of MEEI (Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary) were used to verify the performance of the classification mechanisms. RESULTS The experimental results demonstrated that DNN outperforms Gaussian mixture model and support vector machine. Its accuracy in detecting voice pathologies reached 94.26% and 90.52% in male and female subjects, based on three representative Mel frequency cepstral coefficient features. When applied to the MEEI database for validation, the DNN also achieved a higher accuracy (99.32%) than the other two classification algorithms. CONCLUSIONS By stacking several layers of neurons with optimized weights, the proposed DNN algorithm can fully utilize the acoustic features and efficiently differentiate between normal and pathological voice samples. Based on this pilot study, future research may proceed to explore more application of DNN from laboratory and clinical perspectives.
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O. Cawich S, T. Gardner M, Shetty R, W. Pearce N, Naraynsingh V. Accessory Inferior Sulci of the Liver in an Afro-Caribbean Population. Int J Biomed Sci 2016; 12:58-64. [PMID: 27493591 PMCID: PMC4947090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been no previous reports on the anatomic variations that exist on inferior surface of the liver in Caribbean populations. This information is important to optimize radiology and hepatobiliary surgical services in the region. METHODS Two investigators independently observed 69 cadaveric dissections over five years and described the variations in surface anatomy. RESULTS In this population 88% of cadaveric livers had conventional hepatic surface anatomy. However, 12% had accessory sulci present on the visceral surface of the liver, with a 7:1 male preponderance. When present, there was 100% correlation between the presence of Rouvière's sulcus and the right branch of portal pedicle. CONCLUSION Abnormal surface anatomy is present in 12% of unselected specimens in this Caribbean population. Interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons practicing in the Caribbean must be cognizant of these differences in order to minimize morbidity during invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamir O. Cawich
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Jamaica
| | - Michael T. Gardner
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Ramnanand Shetty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Neil W. Pearce
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Jamaica
| | - Vijay Naraynsingh
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Jamaica
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Selleck AM, Moore JE, Rutt AL, Hu A, Sataloff RT. Sulcus Vocalis (Type III): Prevalence and Strobovideolaryngoscopy Characteristics. J Voice 2015; 29:507-11. [PMID: 25770374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The reported prevalence of sulcus vocalis (SV)/type III, a pathologic groove in the vibratory margin of the vocal fold, varies greatly in the literature. Difficulties in visualizing the defect and a variety of descriptions have complicated the evaluation of SV. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of SV by reviewing strobovideolaryngoscopy (SVL) examinations in subjects with and without dysphonia. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS Charts and SVL images were reviewed for subjects with and without dysphonia and analyzed using standard statistical techniques. RESULTS SVL images were reviewed for 94 nondysphonia subjects and 100 dysphonia subjects. For all subjects, 19.6% had type I, 2.1% had type II, and 5.7% had type III/SV. Per vocal fold, 14.7% had type I, 1.3% had type II, 3.1% had type III/SV and 13.1% had scar. The prevalence of SV per subject was not significantly different between the two groups (8% of dysphonia subjects, 3.2% of nondysphonia subjects). Male gender, decreased amplitude, decreased waveform, and hypodyamic motion were significantly higher in the dysphonia SV subjects compared with the non-SV subjects. All other SVL characteristics were not significantly different in subjects with SV compared with non-SV subjects. CONCLUSIONS We report a prevalence of SV/type III at 3.1% (per vocal fold) and 5.7% (per subject). Higher frequencies of male gender and waveform abnormalities were seen in the dysphonia SV subjects only. There were no significant differences in nondysphonia subjects with or without SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morgan Selleck
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jaime Eaglin Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Amy L Rutt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Amanda Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert T Sataloff
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Matsui M, Homae F, Tsuzuki D, Watanabe H, Katagiri M, Uda S, Nakashima M, Dan I, Taga G. Referential framework for transcranial anatomical correspondence for fNIRS based on manually traced sulci and gyri of an infant brain. Neurosci Res 2014; 80:55-68. [PMID: 24445146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is compact, portable, and tolerant of body movement, is suitable for monitoring infant brain functions. Nevertheless, fNIRS also poses a technical problem in that it cannot provide structural information. Supplementation with structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) is not always feasible for infants who undergo fNIRS measurement. Probabilistic registration methods using an MRI database instead of subjects' own MRIs are optimized for adult studies and offer only limited resources for infant studies. To overcome this, we used high-quality infant MRI data for a 12-month-old infant and manually delineated segmented gyri from among the highly visible macroanatomies on the lateral cortical surface. These macroanatomical regions are primarily linked to the spherical coordinate system based on external cranial landmarks, and further to traditional 10-20-based head-surface positioning systems. While macroanatomical structures were generally comparable between adult and infant atlases, differences were found in the parietal lobe, which was positioned posteriorly at the vertex in the infant brain. The present study provides a referential framework for macroanatomical analyses in infant fNIRS studies. With this resource, multichannel fNIRS functional data could be analyzed in reference to macroanatomical structures through virtual and probabilistic registrations without acquiring subject-specific MRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Matsui
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Homae
- Department of Language Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuzuki
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Research and Development Initiatives, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ward, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hama Watanabe
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Katagiri
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uda
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Research and Development Initiatives, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ward, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Gentaro Taga
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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