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DeLira-Bustillos N, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Leon-Sicairos N, Flores-Villaseñor H, Velazquez-Roman J, Tapia-Pastrana G, Martínez-Villa FA, Velázquez-Cruz R, Salmerón J, Canizales-Quinteros S, Canizalez-Roman A. Distribution and virulence of Escherichia coli harboring cyclomodulins and supplementary virulence genes isolates from clinical and environmental samples. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106634. [PMID: 38556104 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cyclomodulins (cdt, cnf, pks and cif) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from clinical and environmental samples, the presence of supplementary virulence genes (SVG), antibiotic resistance, and in vitro cytotoxicity. 413 E. coli were isolated from clinical (stool from obese subjects, normal weight subjects, children with diarrhea, and children without diarrhea; and urine from pregnant and non-pregnant women with urinary tract infections) and environmental (water and different foods) samples. PCR was performed to identify E. coli pathotypes, the four cyclomodulins, and 18 SVG; virulence score, cytotoxic assay, and antibiotic resistance assay were performed. Fifteen percent of E. coli were positive for cyclomodulins and were found in all isolation sources; however, in children with diarrhea, they were more frequent. The most frequent cyclomodulin was cdt. More DEC strains harbor cyclomodulins than non-DEC, and cyclomodulins were most frequent among aEPEC pathotype. SVG ehaC was associated with cyclomodulin-positive strains. Cyclomodulin-positive E. coli had a higher virulence score but no significant cytotoxic activity. They were slightly more resistant to antibiotics. In conclusion, cyclomodulins-positive E. coli was widely distributed in humans, food, and the environment, and they were associated with SVG ehaC, suggesting that these genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of the cyclomodulins. However, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora DeLira-Bustillos
- Programa de Doctorado, Posgrado Integral en Biotecnología, FCQB, UAS, 80030, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, 80058, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, 71256, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, 14610, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico; The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacan Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Angulo-Zamudio UA, Gutiérrez-Jiménez J, Monroy-Higuera L, Flores-Villaseñor H, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Vidal JE, Tapia-Pastrana G, Canizalez-Roman A. Non-diarrheagenic and diarrheagenic E. coli carrying supplementary virulence genes (SVG) are associated with diarrhea in children from Mexico. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:104994. [PMID: 34044054 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strains, including diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), are among the most important causes of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. Since these strains also colonize healthy children, additional factors leading to diarrhea remains to be discovered. We therefore conducted a comprehensive study to investigate if supplementary virulence genes (SVG) carried by DEC strains and non-DEC strains, contribute to diarrhea in Mexican children. E. coli strains were isolated from n = 317 children between 6 and 12 years, n = 114 with diarrhea and n = 203 asymptomatic children from Northwestern Mexico, PCR was used to identify SVG, then virulence score and cytotoxic assay in HT-29 cells were performed to evaluate virulence of E. coli strains. DEC prevalence was 18.6% and its presence was significantly associated with diarrhea cases. aEPEC, tEAEC, ETEC, DAEC, aEAEC, tEPEC, and EIEC pathotypes were identified. aEPEC strains were significantly associated with asymptomatic children, whereas ETEC was only identified in children with diarrhea. E. coli strains carrying colonization-related SVG and/or proteolysis-related SVG were significantly associated with diarrhea. DEC strains were associated to diarrhea if strains carried SVG ehaC, kps, nleB, and/or espC. Virulence score was significantly higher in E. coli from diarrhea cases than asymptomatic. In addition, DEC strains carrying SVG+ were more virulent, followed by non-DEC SVG+ strains, and correlated with the cytotoxicity assay. Nearly 50% of DEC strains were MDR, and ~10% were XDR. In conclusion the findings of this work provide evidence that the presence of E. coli strains (regardless if strains are DEC or non-DEC) with SVG were associated with diarrhea in Mexican children.
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