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Verma VK, Kumar KB, Sagar K, Majumdar S, Pal S, Mehta A, Vats A, Rani KV, Sehgal N, Prakash O. Amelioration of immune and digestive system through weed supplemented feed against Aeromonas hydrophila in Clarias gariepinus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 115:124-133. [PMID: 34077788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the important globally growing industries. It serves as an important food source of protein for human beings. With the expanding demand for the fish and their products it has become extremely important to improve the aquaculture practices. Aquaculture in India has witnessed huge mortalities caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes etc. Aquatic weeds plants are harmful for aquaculture in many ways. Present study is aimed to overcome the disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (fish pathogenic bacteria) through feed supplementation of two aquatic weed plants (Azolla pinnata and Ceratophyllum demersum). The fish were divided into 6 groups: experimental groups (fish fed on supplementary feed at 5% and 2.5% concentration for individual plant and challenged with bacteria), positive control (fish fed on non-supplemented feed and challenged with bacteria) and negative control (fish fed on non-supplementary feed and not challenged with bacteria). It was observed that supplemented feed enhanced both cell mediated and humoral immunity in fish. Therefore, we advocate that feed formulated with incorporation of Azolla pinnata and Ceratophyllum demersum leaf powder at 5% and 2.5% could be used to prevent disease caused by A. hydrophila or can be used to enhance fish health by boosting its immune system. The results of this study also showed an improved digestibility in fish fed on supplemented feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kh Bronson Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Komal Sagar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Soham Majumdar
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Shivani Pal
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Arpita Mehta
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ajn Vats
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kumari Vandana Rani
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110008, India
| | - Neeta Sehgal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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