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Zhao P, Zou J, Zhou F, Zhu Y, Song Q, Yu D, Li X. Immune features of COVID-19 convalescent individuals revealed by a single-cell RNA sequencing. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:767. [PMID: 35453072 PMCID: PMC9013654 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether immune responses following natural infection can be sustained or potentially prove critical for long-term immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Here, we systematically mapped the phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in peripheral blood samples of convalescent patients with COVID-19 by single-cell RNA sequencing. The relative percentage of the CD8 + effector memory subset was increased in both convalescent moderate and severe cases, but NKT-CD160 and marginal zone B clusters were decreased. Innate immune responses were attenuated reflected by decreased expression of genes involved in interferon-gamma, leukocyte migration and neutrophil mediated immune response in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Functions of T cell were strengthened in convalescent COVID-19 patients by clear endorsement of increased expression of genes involved in biological processes of regulation of T cell activation, differentiation and cell-cell adhesion. In addition, T cell mediated immune responses were enhanced with remarkable clonal expansions of TCR and increased transition of CD4 + effector memory and CD8 + effector-GNLY in severe subjects. B cell immune responses displayed complicated and dualfunctions during convalescence of COVID-19, providing a novel mechanism that B cell activation was observed especially in moderate while humoral immune response was weakened. Interestingly, HLA class I genes displayed downregulation while HLA class II genes upregulation in both T and B cell subsets in convalescent individuals. Our results showed that innate immunity was declined but SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were retained even strengthened whereas complicated and dualfunctions of B cells, including declined humoral immunity were presented at several months following infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China
- Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025 China
| | - Jiahua Zou
- Cancer Center, Huanggang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025 China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025, China; Shaoguan Municipal Quality Control Center for Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512025 China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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