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Castro-Sepulveda M, Tuñón-Suárez M, Rosales-Soto G, Vargas-Foitzick R, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Regulation of mitochondrial morphology and cristae architecture by the TLR4 pathway in human skeletal muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1212779. [PMID: 37435031 PMCID: PMC10332154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1212779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle (SkM), a reduced mitochondrial elongate phenotype is associated with several metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms contributing to this reduction in mitochondrial elongate phenotype in SkM have not been fully elucidated. It has recently been shown in a SkM cell line that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial morphology. However, this has not been investigated in human SkM. Here we found that in human SkM biopsies, TLR4 protein correlated negatively with Opa1 (pro-mitochondrial fusion protein). Moreover, the incubation of human myotubes with LPS reduced mitochondrial size and elongation and induced abnormal mitochondrial cristae, which was prevented with the co-incubation of LPS with TAK242. Finally, T2DM myotubes were found to have reduced mitochondrial elongation and mitochondrial cristae density. Mitochondrial morphology, membrane structure, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were restored to healthy levels in T2DM myotubes treated with TAK242. In conclusion, mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial cristae seem to be regulated by the TLR4 pathway in human SkM. Those mitochondrial alterations might potentially contribute to insulin resistance in the SkM of patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauro Tuñón-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Rosales-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Bellavista, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald Vargas-Foitzick
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la- Neuve, Belgium
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, España
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Nazish I, Arber C, Piers TM, Warner TT, Hardy JA, Lewis PA, Pocock JM, Bandopadhyay R. Abrogation of LRRK2 dependent Rab10 phosphorylation with TLR4 activation and alterations in evoked cytokine release in immune cells. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105070. [PMID: 34004238 PMCID: PMC7610942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
LRRK2 protein is expressed prominently in immune cells, cell types whose contribution to LRRK2-associated genetic Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly being recognised. We investigated the effect of inflammatory stimuli using RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells as model systems. A detailed time course of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation was investigated through measuring LRRK2 phosphorylation at its specific phospho-sites, and Rab8 and Rab10 phosphorylation together with cytokine release following treatment with LPS and zymosan. LRRK2 phosphorylation at Ser935, Ser955 and Ser973 was increased significantly over untreated conditions at 4-24h in both WT-LRRK2 and T1348N-LRRK2 cell lines to similar extents although levels of Ser910 phosphorylation were maintained at higher levels throughout. Importantly we demonstrate that LPS stimulation significantly decreased phospho-Rab10 but not phospho-Rab8 levels over 4-24h in both WT-LRRK2 and T1348N-LRRK2 cell lines. The dephosphorylation of Rab10 was not attributed to its specific phosphatase, PPM1H as the levels remained unaltered with LPS treatment. MAPK phosphorylation occurred prior to LRRK2 phosphorylation which was validated by blocking TLR4 and TLR2 receptors with TAK242 or Sparstolonin B respectively. A significant decrease in basal level of TNFα release was noted in both T1348N-LRRK2 and KO-LRRK2 cell lines at 48h compared to WT-LRRK2 cell line, however LPS and zymosan treatment did not cause any significant alteration in the TNFα and IL-6 release between the three cell lines. In contrast, LPS and zymosan caused significantly lower IL-10 release in T1348N-LRRK2 and KO-LRRK2 cell lines. A significant decrease in phospho-Rab10 levels was also confirmed in human IPS-derived macrophages with TLR4 activation. Our data demonstrates for the first time that LRRK2-dependent Rab10 phosphorylation is modulated by LPS stimulation, and that cytokine release may be influenced by the status of LRRK2. These data provide further insights into the function of LRRK2 in immune response, and has relevance for understanding cellular dysfunctions when developing LRRK2-based inhibitors for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Nazish
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Charles Arber
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Thomas M. Piers
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Thomas T. Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - John A. Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK,Queen Square Genomics, UCL Dementia Research Institute, Wing 1.2 Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK,Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, WC1N 1PJ, UK.
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Bhattacharyya S, Wang W, Tamaki Z, Shi B, Yeldandi A, Tsukimi Y, Yamasaki M, Varga J. Pharmacological Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Signaling by TAK242 Prevents and Induces Regression of Experimental Organ Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2434. [PMID: 30405628 PMCID: PMC6207051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a poorly understood heterogeneous condition with progressive multi-organ fibrosis. Recent genetic and genomic evidence suggest a pathogenic role for dysregulated innate immunity and toll-like receptor (TLR) activity in SSc. Levels of both TLR4, as well as certain endogenous TLR ligands, are elevated in skin and lung tissues from patients with SSc and correlate with clinical disease parameters. Conversely, genetic targeting of TLR4 or its endogenous “damage-associated” ligands ameliorates progressive tissue fibrosis. Targeting TLR4 signaling therefore represents a pharmacological strategy to prevent intractable fibrosis. We examined the effect of TAK242, a small molecule TLR4 inhibitor, in preclinical fibrosis models and in SSc fibroblasts. TAK242 treatment prevented, promoted regression of, bleomycin-induced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis, and reduced the expression of several pro-fibrotic mediators. Furthermore, TAK242 ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis and reduced spontaneous hypodermal thickness in TSK/+ mice. Importantly, TAK242 abrogated collagen synthesis and myofibroblasts differentiation in explanted constitutively active SSc fibroblast. Altogether, these findings identify TAK242 as an anti-fibrotic agent in preclinical models of organ fibrosis. TAK242 might potentially represent a novel strategy for the treatment of SSc and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bhattacharyya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zenshiro Tamaki
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bo Shi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anjana Yeldandi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Tang YM, Cao QY, Guo XY, Dong SH, Duan JA, Wu QN, Liang QL. Inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 pathways by Sparstolonin B suppresses inflammation-induced melanoma metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:382-389. [PMID: 29276966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer related inflammation plays a fatal role in the metastatic process, which can foster tumor growth, angiogenesis and dissemination. Sparstolonin B (SsnB), derived from Chinese medicine of the tubers of Scirpus yagara, is a TLR2 and TLR4 antagonists. It has exhibited multiple activities of anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-hepatitis. However, whether SsnB is involved in the regulation of inflammation-induced tumor metastasis is not well elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of SsnB as a treatment of inflammation-induced tumor metastasis and identify the underlying mechanisms of its anti-tumor metastatic activity. METHOD The anti-tumor metastatic activity in vitro was estimated by MTT, wound-healing assay, matrigel invasion analysis and extracellular matrix adhesion assay. Mice lung metastasis and hepatic metastasis experiments were performed to assess the activities in vivo. Lungs or livers were weighed and the number of metastatic nodules was determined after mice were sacrificed. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, lungs and livers were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Micro-metastasis nodules in lungs or livers were analyzed by histological examination. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were conducted to determine protein expression. RESULT Herein, SsnB dose-dependently inhibited cell migration and invasion in mouse melanoma B16 cells with or without stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Pam3csk4 or molecules from damaged tumor cells (DTC-Ms). The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 was also significantly abated by SsnB in LPS-modulated B16 cells. And SsnB reduced LPS-activated B16 cells adhesion to extracellular matrix components collagen I and fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, SsnB obviously attenuated LPS-activated pulmonary metastasis in mice by reduction the number of metastatic nodules on the lung surfaces, lung weight and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in serums and lungs. Moreover, in experimental hepatic metastasis model mice, SsnB remarkably repressed LPS-stimulated the number of metastatic nodules along with liver weight; and SsnB significantly suppressed LPS-activated increase levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in livers. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that SsnB inhibited the expression of TLR4 in livers. Furthermore, SsnB remarkably blocked p38 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway in LPS-induced B16 cells. P38 and ERK1/2 signaling silencing, using BIRB0796 (small molecular inhibitor of p38 MAPK) and PD184352 (inhibitor of MEK1/2 kinases that activate ERK1/2), significantly abated LPS-induced migration and invasion of B16 cells. CONCLUSION The present study reports a novel use of SsnB in mitigating TLRs ligands-induced melanoma metastasis by inhibition of p38 and ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qing-Yun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xing-Yu Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shui-Hua Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qiao-Li Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Xu X, Wu D, Hou S, Zhu J, Li J, Tang J. Prenatal exposure to TAK242 affects the childhood autism in offspring in animal models of autism spectrum disorder. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2017; 20:1016-1020. [PMID: 29085596 PMCID: PMC5651454 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether prenatal exposure to TAK242 affects childhood autism in the offspring in animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The pregnant rats were pseudo-randomly divided into three groups, the ASD model group, the TAK242 treatment group, and the control group. The ASD model was constructed by injecting IP with LPS. The blood samples from 1-month-old offspring were collected for cytokine evaluation and the social interaction test was used in the offspring of ASD rats. Rats were killed and the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum were used for the immunohistochemical study. RESULTS As compared to the control, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β were significantly decreased (P <0.05) in the offspring of ASD rats; whereas those cytokines were significantly reversed after prenatal exposure to TAK242 (P<0.05). The hesitation time and none-social interaction time were significantly increased as compared to the control (P<0.05); whereas they were both decreased after prenatal exposure to TAK242 (P<0.05). This was contrary to the social interaction time (P<0.05). The expression of GFAP and IBA1 in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were stronger in the LPS group as compared to control group, and this effect was reversed after prenatal exposure to TAK242. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to TAK242 affects serum cytokines levels and the social interaction time in rat offspring in animal models of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- The Children's Neurorehabilitation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - De Wu
- The Children's Neurorehabilitation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- The Children's Neurorehabilitation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Children's Neurorehabilitation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jiulai Tang
- The Children's Neurorehabilitation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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