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He L, Liang Y, Yu X, Zhao Y, Zou Z, Dai Q, Wu J, Gan S, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lu D. UNC93B1 facilitates the localization and signaling of TLR5M in Epinephelus coioides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128729. [PMID: 38086430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), serving as a sensor of bacterial flagellin, mediates the innate immune response to actively engage in the host's immune processes against pathogen invasion. However, the mechanism underlying TLR5-mediated immune response in fish remains unclear. Despite the presumed cell surface expression of TLR5 member form (TLR5M), its trafficking dynamics remain elusive. Here, we have identified Epinephelus coioides TLR5M as a crucial mediator of Vibrio flagellin-induced cytokine expression in grouper cells. EcTLR5M facilitated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in response to flagellin stimulation and exerted a modest influence on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. The trafficking chaperone Unc-93 homolog B1 (EcUNC93B1) participated in EcTLR5M-mediated NF-κB signaling activation and downstream cytokine expression. In addition, EcUNC93B1 combined with EcTLR5M to mediate its exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, and also affected its post-translational maturation. Collectively, these findings first discovered that EcTLR5M mediated the flagellin-induced cytokine expression primarily by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and EcUNC93B1 mediated EcTLR5M function through regulating its trafficking and post-translational maturation. This research expanded the understanding of fish innate immunity and provided a novel concept for the advancement of anti-vibrio immunity technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yaosi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Qinxi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510145, PR China
| | - Songyong Gan
- Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510145, PR China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Sun QX, Huang XN, Pan Y, Yao CL. Promoter analysis of TLR5M and TLR5S revealed NF-κB might be a conserved cis-element in TLR5S promoter of large yellow croaker. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110675. [PMID: 34637922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing bacterial flagellin proteins. In the present study, the genomic and 5'-flanking sequences of LcTLR5M (membrane) and LcTLR5S (soluble) were cloned from the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Then, their promoter activities were determined in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. LcTLR5M contained 4 exons and 3 introns, and LcTLR5S contained 2 exons and 1 intron. Bioinformatic prediction of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) indicated that the promoter structures were different between LcTLR5M and LcTLR5S. A dual luciferase assay showed that the deletion mutant -471 to +189 of LcTLR5M promoter possessed the greatest activity with 36 times activity of the control (P < 0.05). For LcTLR5S, two deletion mutants, -1687 to +106 and - 720 to +106, showed high promoter activity. Furthermore, site-directed mutation demonstrated that a -392 to -391 AT/GG substitution in Oct-1 binding site, and a -104 to -103 GG/TT and a -98 to -97 CC/AA substitution in the NF-κB binding site of TLR5S caused a significant decline of luciferase activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, the co-transfection of an NF-κB/p65 over-expression plasmid with wild type TLR5S (-720 to +106) resulted in an extremely significant increase of promoter activity by more than 9 times compared with the NF-kB mutant (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the genomic organization and promoter structure may differ between LcTLR5M and LcTLR5S. Oct1 and NF-κB binding sites might be cis-regulatory elements in the LcTLR5S promoter. NF-κB/p65 plays an important role in LcTLR5S promoter activation through binding with the NF-κB binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xue Sun
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xue-Na Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352103, China
| | - Cui-Luan Yao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Liu D, Chen J, Li S, Hu G. Molecular cloning and expression study on Toll-like receptor 5M in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 85:44-50. [PMID: 29621530 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in mammals and play an important role in innate immunity. In the present study, a TLR5M gene was cloned from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, and its immune responsive expression was subsequently studied in vivo. The Scophthalmus maximus (Sm)TLR5M gene is 4268 bp in length, consists of four exons and three introns and encodes a peptide of 892 amino acids (aa). The deduced protein possesses a signal peptide sequence, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain composed of 23 LRR motifs, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SmTLR5M with other teleost TLR5Ms. A number of binding sites for transcription factors involved in immune response regulation were predicted in the 5'-flanking region of SmTLR5M. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that SmTLR5M mRNA was expressed ubiquitously with higher levels in head kidney and spleen. Its expression following stimulation with flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was further tested in gills, spleen, head kidney and muscle. The maximum increases of SmTLR5M transcript levels ranged from 1.3 to 6.8-fold and appeared at 3 h to 5 day post-injection depending on different organs and stimuli. These findings suggest that SmTLR5M may play an important role in immune responses to infections with bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Liu
- First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration of China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinjing Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guobin Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Han C, Li Q, Zhang Z, Huang J. Characterization, expression, and evolutionary analysis of new TLR3 and TLR5M genes cloned from the spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 77:174-187. [PMID: 28821419 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we identify two new TLRs from the spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus (TLR3 and membrane TLR5M). Both MaTLR3 and MaTLR5M were expressed in all tested tissues; expression was highest in liver and spleen, respectively. After infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, expression of both TLRs fluctuated and differed significantly from controls at several time points. The predicted three-dimensional model of the MaTLR3 and MaTLR5M proteins indicates that most sites under positive selection were located in the extracellular domains of TLRs. Evolutionary analysis detected positively selected sites in the ancestral lineages of vertebrates, amphibians and reptiles. Multiple ML methods recovered 10 positively selected sites in teleost TLR3 and 24 in TLR5M, and most sites were located in leucine-rich repeat domain, possibly related to an "arms-race" co-evolution with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Alamillo E, Rosales-Mendoza S, Ascencio F, Esteban MA, Angulo C. Molecular characterization and expression analyses of toll like receptor-5 induced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus antigens in Pacific red snapper. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 68:180-189. [PMID: 28698126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a member of TLRs family responsible for the bacterial flagellin recognition in vertebrates. Herein, the TLR5M gene structure of Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) was characterized. The full-length cDNA of LpTLR5M comprises an open reading frame (ORF) of 2715 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 904 amino acids including 9 LRRs (residues 119-562) and one LRR-CT domain (residues 593-646) at the extracellular region, and a TIR domain (residues 710-904) in the cytoplasmic region. The amino acid sequence in L. peru TLR5 showed high identity (66-69%) with TLR5 from Paralichthys olivaceus and Scophthalmus maximus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated the constitutive expression of LpTLR5M mRNA in all the examined tissues, with higher levels in intestine, liver, and head-kidney. Furthermore, expression of LpTLR5M and five cytokine genes was also investigated 24 h and one week post-stimulation in fish intraperitoneally injected with ToxA, live V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) or V. parahaemolyticus Lysate antigens. TLR5M was significantly induced in fish infected with Vp. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL8 and IL-12 were significantly up-regulated in head-kidney in fish stimulated with Vp, while in intestine upregulation was observed following ToxA or Lysate injection. In contrast, IL-17 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the intestine from fish infected with live Vp at 24 h post-injection. The results indicate that Lysate and Vp antigens can induce an immune response via TLR5M and that cytokines have an important role in the defense mechanisms against V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23090, México
| | - Erika Alamillo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23090, México
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23090, México
| | - M Angeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz B.C.S. 23090, México.
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Bai JS, Li YW, Deng Y, Huang YQ, He SH, Dai J, Zhao SZ, Dan XM, Luo XC. Molecular identification and expression analysis of TLR5M and TLR5S from orange-spotted grouper (Epinepheluscoioides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 63:97-102. [PMID: 28159696 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is an important receptor that interacts with bacterial flagellin and regulates host immune response in mammal. Recent studies demonstrate that piscine contains two types of TLR5, namely membrane form of TLR5 (TLR5M) and soluble form of TLR5 (TLR5S), and both of which perform crucial role in flagellin response. In the present study, a TLR5M and a TLR5S sequence was cloned from orange-spotted grouper (Epinepheluscoioides), and their ORFs are respectively 2466 bp (821 aas) and 1935 bp (644 aas). EcTLR5M has the typical TLR structure of a LRR domain, a transmembrane region and a TIR domain, while EcTLR5S only contains a LRR domain like other species' TLR5S. Both molecules have 23 LRR motifs, a LRR-NT and a LRR-CT in the LRR domain, similar to those of other species. Phylogenetic and sequence alignment indicated that both EcTLR5s respectively displayed closer relationship and higher sequence identity with those in other fish species. In healthy grouper, EcTLR5M was highly expressed in the skin, head kidney and spleen, while EcTLR5S was mainly detected in the liver. Ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans infection could significantly up-regulate the expression level of EcTLR5s in the gill and spleen from day 1 to day 3, and higher expression fold change was observed in the spleen. Taken together, the present studies contributed to understanding the function of piscine TLR5M/S and clarify their possible role in fish immune response against ciliate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shan Bai
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Qiong Huang
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shu-Hua He
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin Dai
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhao
- Guangzhou Airport Extry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
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