1
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Nicolas P, Abdallah S, Dok A, de Coene Y, Jeannin O, Bellec N, Malval JP, Verbiest T, Clays K, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Bilgin-Eran B, Akdas-Kiliç H, Camerel F. Non-Linear Optical Activity of Chiral Bipyrimidine-Based Thin Films. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400112. [PMID: 38353579 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
An original series of bipyrimidine-based chromophores featuring alkoxystyryl donor groups bearing short chiral (S)-2-methylbutyl chains in positions 4, 3,4 and 3,5, connected to electron-accepting 2,2-bipyrimidine rings, has been developed. Their linear and non-linear optical properties were studied using a variety of techniques, including one- and two-photon absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements, as well as Hyper-Rayleigh scattering to determine the first hyperpolarizabilities. Their electronic and geometrical properties were rationalized by TD-DFT calculations. The thermal properties of the compounds were also investigated by a combination of polarized light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry measurements and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The derivatives were found not to have mesomorphic properties, but to exhibit melting temperatures or cold crystallization behavior that enabled the isolation of well-organized thin films. The nonlinear optical properties of amorphous or crystalline thin films were studied by wide-field second harmonic generation and multiphoton fluorescence imaging, confirming that non-centrosymmetric crystal organization enables strong second and third harmonic generation. This new series confirms that our strategy of functionalizing 3D organic octupoles with short chiral chains to generate non-centrosymmetric organized thin films enables the development of highly second order nonlinear optical active materials without the use of corona-poling or tedious deposition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescillia Nicolas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stephania Abdallah
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Ahmet Dok
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bellec
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Huriye Akdas-Kiliç
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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2
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Gabbani A, Taddeucci A, Bertuolo M, Pineider F, Aronica LA, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G, Zinna F. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Elucidates Molecular Interactions in Aggregated Chiral Organic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313315. [PMID: 37962845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials formed by aggregated organic compounds play a fundamental role in chiral optoelectronics, photonics and spintronics. Nonetheless, a precise understanding of the molecular interactions involved remains an open problem. Here we introduce magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) as a new tool to elucidate molecular interactions and structural parameters of a supramolecular system. A detailed analysis of MCD together with electronic circular dichroism spectra combined to ab initio calculations unveils essential information on the geometry and energy levels of a self-assembled thin film made of a carbazole di-bithiophene chiral molecule. This approach can be extended to a generality of chiral organic materials and can help rationalizing the fundamental interactions leading to supramolecular order. This in turn could enable a better understanding of structure-property relationships, resulting in a more efficient material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gabbani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Current affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd., Fermi Avenue, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Marco Bertuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Chaurasia R, Pramanik AK. Current-Voltage Characteristics in single layer SrIrO3 films deposited on LaAlO3(100) substrate. J Phys Condens Matter 2023. [PMID: 38048634 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigate the structural and electrical properties on SrIrO$_3$ films grown on LaAlO$_3$ (100) substrate with varying thickness (18, 25 and 40 nm). The x-ray diffraction shows good quality epitaxial films without any chemical impurity. The out-of-plane lattice parameter increases with the film thickness. All the films show a semiconducting behavior where the resistivity increases with increasing thickness. Our analysis shows at high temperature the charge conduction mechanism follows Mott's 2-dimensional variable-range-hopping model. Detailed current-voltage ($I$-$V$) measurements show a linear Ohmic behavior at room temperature, however, a prominent deviation from linearity has been observed at low temperatures where the exponent $n$ ($I \propto V^n$) increases with decreasing temperature, reaching $n$ $\sim$ 1.5 at low temperature. Analysis of $I$-$V$ data indicates that the charge conduction has dominant contribution of Poole-Frenkel mechanism rather than Schottky behavior. This evolution of charge transport with temperature is quite intriguing which may be related to the development of low temperature magnetism in films of SrIrO$_3$.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Chaurasia
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehraili Road, New Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, INDIA
| | - A K Pramanik
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehraili Road, New Delhi, 110067, INDIA
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4
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Derelli D, Caddeo F, Frank K, Krötzsch K, Ewerhardt P, Krüger M, Medicus S, Klemeyer L, Skiba M, Ruhmlieb C, Gutowski O, Dippel AC, Parak WJ, Nickel B, Koziej D. Photodegradation of CuBi 2 O 4 Films Evidenced by Fast Formation of Metallic Bi using Operando Surface-sensitive X-ray Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307948. [PMID: 37635657 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
CuBi2 O4 has recently emerged as a promising photocathode for photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, its fast degradation under operation currently poses a limit to its application. Here, we report a novel method to study operando the semiconductor-electrolyte interface during PEC operation by surface-sensitive high-energy X-ray scattering. We find that a fast decrease in the generated photocurrents correlates directly with the formation of a metallic Bi phase. We further show that the slower formation of metallic Cu, as well as the dissolution of the electrode in contact with the electrolyte, further affect the CuBi2 O4 activity and morphology. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the degradation mechanisms affecting CuBi2 O4 electrodes under operation and poses the methodological basis to investigate the photocorrosion processes affecting a wide range of PEC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Derelli
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Caddeo
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Frank
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Krötzsch
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Ewerhardt
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Krüger
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Medicus
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Klemeyer
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Skiba
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Ruhmlieb
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang J Parak
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Dorota Koziej
- University of Hamburg, Institute for Nanostructure and Solid-State Physics, Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Hindricks KDJ, Schaate A, Behrens P. Postsynthetic Photochemical Modification and 2D Structuring of Zr-MOF Thin Films Containing Benzophenone Linker Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303753. [PMID: 37154383 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
For the fabrication of next-generation MOF-based devices the availability of highly adaptable materials in suitable shapes is crucial. Here, we present thin films of a metal-organic framework (MOF) containing photoreactive benzophenone units. Crystalline, oriented and porous films of the zirconium-based bzpdc-MOF (bzpdc=benzophenone-4-4'-dicarboxylate) are prepared by direct growth on silicon or glass substrates. Via a subsequent photochemical modification of the Zr-bzpdc-MOF films, various properties can be tuned postsynthetically by covalent attachment of modifying agents. Apart from the modification with small molecules, also grafting-from polymerization reactions are possible. In a further extension, 2D structuring and photo-writing of defined structures is also possible, for example by using a photolithographic approach, paving the way towards micro-patterned MOF surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D J Hindricks
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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6
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Noll F, Krauß N, Gusev V, Dekorsy T, Hettich M. Surface plasmon-based detection for picosecond ultrasonics in planar gold-dielectric layer geometries. Photoacoustics 2023; 30:100464. [PMID: 36936710 PMCID: PMC10017422 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal acoustic modes in planar thin gold films are excited and detected by a combination of ultrafast pump-probe photoacoustic spectroscopy and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The resulting high sensitivity allows the detection of acoustic modes up to the 7th harmonic (258 GHz) with sub-pm amplitude sensing capabilities. This makes a comparison of damping times of individual modes possible. Further, the dynamics of the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function and the film's thickness variation are separated by using the dependence of the amplitudes of the acoustic modes on the detection angle and the surface plasmon resonance. We find that longitudinal acoustic modes in the gold films mainly affect the real part of the dielectric function and highlight the importance to consider thickness related effects in acousto-plasmonic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Noll
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH (RECENDT), Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - N. Krauß
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - V. Gusev
- Laboratoire d′Acoustique de l′Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d′Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, Av. O. Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - T. Dekorsy
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Technical Physics, German Aerospace Center, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M. Hettich
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH (RECENDT), Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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7
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Yuan F, Ouyang C, Yang M, Shi W, Ren W, Shen Y, Wei Y, Deng X, Wang X. Regulating the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polymer-based Nanocomposites by Sub-Nanowires. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214571. [PMID: 36394191 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sub-nanowires (SNWs) exhibit great potential applications in nanocomposites owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, and similarity to polymer chains in dimension, which are a good entry point to bridge inorganic materials and polymer materials. Herein, we synthesized hydroxyapatite sub-nanowires (HAP SNWs) and engineered hydroxyapatite sub-nanowires/polyimide (HSP) gels and films by simple mixing of HAP SNWs and polyimide (PI). Benefiting from the interactions between HAP SNWs and PI, these nanocomposites were a continuous hybrid network. As the increase of HAP SNWs contents, the viscosity and modulus of HSP gels were greatly improved by one or two orders of magnitude compared with PI gel. HSP films not only maintained high transparency but also gained high haze, as well as exhibited enhanced Young's modulus. Thus, both HSP gels and films developed in this work are promising for various applications in coatings and high-performance films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Ouyang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minzheng Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Weibin Ren
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Zhang HY, Jiang HH, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Xiong RG. Ferroelectric Lithography in Single-Component Organic Enantiomorphic Ferroelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200135. [PMID: 35166001 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Organic ferroelectrics are flexible, lightweight, and bio-friendly, promising for bio-harmonized electronic devices, while their ferroelectric lithography remains relatively unexplored. Here, by introducing homochirality and ZE photoisomerization, we obtained a pair of organic enantiomorphic ferroelectrics, di(benzylamino)-substituted derivatives of muconic acids, the first ferroelectrics in the muconic family. Their ferroelectric and chiral features were confirmed by the polarization-electric field hysteresis loops and circular dichroism spectra, respectively. Piezoresponse force microscopy measurements demonstrate that the desired domain structure can be precisely achieved by applying a local electric field on a predefined pattern in their thin films. Moreover, thermogravimetric analyses reveal that their ferroelectricity can persist up to above 550 K. The precise pattern lithography and excellent thermal stability make them competitive candidates for ferroelectric lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.,Present address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.,Present address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.,Present address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China.,Present address: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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9
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Hsu SN, Zhao W, Gao Y, Segovia M, Xu X, Boudouris BW, Dou L. Thermoelectric Performance of Lead-Free Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites Featuring Conjugated Ligands. Nano Lett 2021; 21:7839-7844. [PMID: 34469174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sn-based halide perovskites are promising for thermoelectric (TE) device applications because of their high electrical conductivity as well as the low thermal conductivity associated with their soft lattices. However, conventional three-dimensional Sn-based perovskites are not stable under typical TE device operating conditions. Here, we report a stable two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite for thermoelectric energy conversion by incorporating bulky conjugated ligands. We demonstrate a thin film with a large power factor of 5.42 ± 3.07 (average) and 7.07 (champion) μW m-1 K-2 at 343 K with an electrical conductivity of 5.07 S cm-1 and a Seebeck coefficient of 118.1 μV K-1. Importantly, these thin films show excellent operational stability (i.e., for over 100 h) at 313 K. This work suggests that the novel hybrid two-dimensional perovskites are a promising platform for thermoelectric energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yao Gao
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mauricio Segovia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xianfan Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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10
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Alaei S, Omidi Y, Omidian H. In vitro evaluation of adhesion and mechanical properties of oral thin films. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105965. [PMID: 34375679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is often challenged with enzymatic degradation of drug molecules in the gastrointestinal tract and high first-pass metabolism, resulting in low bioavailability. Delivery of drug molecules via the oral cavity mucosa is considered a viable option to enhance bioavailability. One of the relatively new dosage forms for transmucosal drug delivery is the oral thin film (OTF) with mucoadhesive properties that offers several advantages over conventional dosage forms, including faster dissolution, higher patient compliance, and extended oral retention by reduced salivary washout. Mucoadhesive OTFs should have sufficient muco-adhesiveness as well as suitable mechanical properties for their best performance, thus such characterization is critical in the successful design and development of OTFs. However, there is currently no FDA or USP-recommended analytical procedure or standard available for evaluating adhesiveness and mechanical properties of mucoadhesive OTFs. Therefore, we aimed to develop a fast and reliable in vitro method capable of differentiating various OTFs in terms of their adhesive strengths using a texture analyzer. We found that an in vitro gel substrate composed of 4% w/v gellan gum and 2% w/v glycerin could be used to discriminate between the adhesive features of the tested film samples. Also, our studies show that the adhesion test parameters of 0.96 N target force, probe speed of 0.1 mm/s, holding time of 15 s, and conditioning medium volume of 200 μL while using the said substrate could successfully differentiate between the adhesion strength of the OTF samples. We further examined the film samples for their physicomechanical properties to obtain a tangible and practical range of mechanical values for pharmaceutical OTFs using the puncture test and folding endurance test. We found a breaking factor above 34.5 N/mm, elongation to puncture less than 5.55% and folding endurance of at least 50 folds can be used as a starting point when designing and manufacturing OTFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Alaei
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Hamid Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States.
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11
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Zhiqiang D, Meicheng L, Chonto TM. Effective Light Absorption Using the Double-sided Pyramid Gratings for Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cell. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:192. [PMID: 29974292 PMCID: PMC6031551 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The design of double-sided pyramid grating structure can be used to enhance broadband light absorption. The front grating can greatly reduce the light reflection, especially in the short-wavelength region, and the rear grating can also achieve that same effect in the longer wavelength region. In the paper, for the double-sided pyramid grating structure, the photon absorption distribution of each part is studied and compared with the bare crystalline silicon. Theoretical results show that, by reasonably adjusting the structure parameters of the double-sided grating, the light reflection of the whole band can be reduced greatly which is beneficial for black silicon formation and the total light absorption is also increased. However, further studies have shown that using the rear grating does not improve the effective light absorption of the crystalline silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Zhiqiang
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Meicheng
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
| | - Trevor Mwenva Chonto
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206 People’s Republic of China
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Putz B, Glushko O, Cordill MJ. Electromigration in Gold Films on Flexible Polyimide Substrates as a Self-healing Mechanism. Mater Res Lett 2016; 4:43-47. [PMID: 27158564 PMCID: PMC4854219 DOI: 10.1080/21663831.2015.1105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of electromigration (EM) in metallisations for flexible thin film systems has not been a major concern due to low applied current densities in today's flexible electronic devices. However, the trend towards smaller and more powerful devices demands increasing current densities for future applications, making EM a reliability matter. This work investigates EM in 50 nm Au thin films with a 10 nm Cr adhesion layer on a flexible polyimide substrate at high current densities. Results indicate that EM does occur and could be used as a self-healing mechanism for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Putz
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12, Leoben8700, Austria
| | - Oleksandr Glushko
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12, Leoben8700, Austria
| | - Megan J. Cordill
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12, Leoben8700, Austria
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Graudejus O, Morrison B, Goletiani C, Yu Z, Wagner S. Encapsulating Elastically Stretchable Neural Interfaces: Yield, Resolution, and Recording/Stimulation of Neural Activity. Adv Funct Mater 2012; 22:640-651. [PMID: 24093006 PMCID: PMC3788117 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A high resolution elastically stretchable microelectrode array (SMEA) to interface with neural tissue is described. The SMEA consists of an elastomeric substrate, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), elastically stretchable gold conductors, and an electrically insulating encapsulating layer in which contact holes are opened. We demonstrate the feasibility of producing contact holes with 40 µm × 40 µm openings, show why the adhesion of the encapsulation layer to the underlying silicone substrate is weakened during contact hole fabrication, and provide remedies. These improvements result in greatly increased fabrication yield and reproducibility. An SMEA with 28 microelectrodes was fabricated. The contact holes (100 µm × 100 µm) in the encapsulation layer are only ~10% the size of the previous generation, allowing a larger number of microelectrodes per unit area, thus affording the capability to interface with a smaller neural population per electrode. This new SMEA is used to record spontaneous and evoked activity in organotypic hippocampal tissue slices at 0% strain before stretching, at 5 % and 10 % equibiaxial strain, and again at 0% strain after relaxation. The noise of the recordings increases with increasing strain. The frequency of spontaneous neural activity also increases when the SMEA is stretched. Upon relaxation, the noise returns to pre-stretch levels, while the frequency of neural activity remains elevated. Stimulus-response curves at each strain level are measured. The SMEA shows excellent biocompatibility for at least two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Graudejus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Adaptive Neural Systems, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 (USA),
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