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Chevli PA, Ahmad MI, Hari K, Anees MA, Soliman EZ. Impact of low fasting plasma glucose on mortality in the general population. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120930599. [PMID: 32720509 PMCID: PMC7607395 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120930599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the association between hypoglycaemia and poor outcomes in diabetes is well established, it is unclear whether such an association is generalizable to those without diabetes. METHODS A total of 8497 participants free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. We examined the relationship between baseline low (<80 mg/dL) and high (⩾126 mg/dL) fasting plasma glucose compared to normal levels (80-99 mg/dL). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 14 years, 2101 deaths occurred, of which 570 were due to cardiovascular disease. In a model adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular disease risk factors, individuals with low fasting plasma glucose were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality [hazard ratio = 1.79 (95% confidence interval = 1.04-3.08) and hazard ratio = 1.35 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.78), respectively], compared to those with normal fasting plasma glucose. These associations were stronger among men than women for both cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Low fasting plasma glucose in individuals without diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, especially in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag A Chevli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Parag A Chevli, Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Krupal Hari
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Diener A, Rohrmann S. Associations of serum carotenoid concentrations and fruit or vegetable consumption with serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF binding protein-3 concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e13. [PMID: 27313849 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intervention may alter the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and thereby
cancer risk. In a qualitative review, eleven of twenty studies showed a link between one
or more carotenoids, vegetable or fruit intake and the IGF system, however, with partly
contrary findings, such that no firm conclusion can be drawn. Therefore, we evaluated
associations between serum carotenoid concentrations or the intake of fruits and
vegetables with IGF-1, IGF binding protein (BP)-3 and their molar ratio (IGF-1:IGFBP-3)
within the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994).
In our analysis, we included 6061 NHANES III participants and used multivariable-adjusted
linear regression models. IGF-1 concentrations were significantly positively associated
with serum concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and
lutein/zeaxanthin in men and women. Statistically significant positive associations were
observed for serum concentrations of α-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin and intake of fruits
with serum IGFBP-3 concentrations in women, but not in men. The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio
was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, β-carotene
and α-carotene in men and with β-carotene in women. In conclusion, dietary interventions
with carotenoids, fruits and vegetables may affect the IGF system, although the direction
of these effects is currently unclear.
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Sanna L, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Jacka FN, Berk M, Maes M, O'Neil A, Girardi P, Williams LJ. Atopic disorders and depression: findings from a large, population-based study. J Affect Disord 2014; 155:261-5. [PMID: 24308896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopy, a common disorder characterized by a sensitivity to allergic reactions, affects a large proportion of the adult population and, as with depression, is associated with immune-inflammatory pathway changes. We sought to determine the role of atopic disorders in depression using data from a randomly-selected, population-based study of men and women. METHODS Cross-sectional data derived from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study for 942 males and 1085 females were analyzed. Depression [major depressive disorder (MDD), minor depression and dysthymia] was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition. Data on medical conditions, including atopic disorders (asthma, hay fever and eczema), smoking status, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, and physical activity were documented by self-report. Logistic regression modeling was used to explore the associations between atopic disorders and depression. RESULTS Atopic disorders were associated with a 59% increased likelihood of depression [gender and smoking-adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1:50, 95% CI 1.20-1.97]. Sub-group analyses revealed a similar pattern for those with MDD [gender and smoking-adjusted OR 1:54, 95% CI 1.22-1.94]. These associations were independent of socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and lifestyle factors. LIMITATIONS Reliance on self-report for allergic symptoms and cross-sectional nature of study. CONCLUSION This population-based study provides evidence of the potential contribution of allergic disorders to depression. Further research is required to elucidate the direction of this association and to further explicate its underlying physiology, including immune-inflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Sanna
- Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs Department (NeSMOS), Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | | | - Julie A Pasco
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Division of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Western Health, St Albans, Australia.
| | - Felice N Jacka
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Parkville, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Michael Maes
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Australia.
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs Department (NeSMOS), Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Lana J Williams
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Hernaez R, McLean J, Lazo M, Brancati FL, Hirschhorn JN, Borecki IB, Harris TB, Nguyen T, Kamel IR, Bonekamp S, Eberhardt MS, Clark JM, Linda Kao WH, Speliotes EK. Association between variants in or near PNPLA3, GCKR, and PPP1R3B with ultrasound-defined steatosis based on data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1183-1190.e2. [PMID: 23416328 PMCID: PMC4197011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A genome-wide association study associated 5 genetic variants with hepatic steatosis (identified by computerized tomography) in individuals of European ancestry. We investigated whether these variants were associated with measures of hepatic steatosis (HS) in non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American (MA) participants in the US population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, phase 2. METHODS We analyzed data from 4804 adults (1825 NHW, 1442 non-Hispanic black, and 1537 MA; 51.7% women; mean age at examination, 42.5 y); the weighted prevalence of HS was 37.3%. We investigated whether ultrasound-measured HS, with and without increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or level of ALT alone, was associated with rs738409 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3]), rs2228603 (neurocan [NCAN]), rs12137855 (lysophospholipase-like 1), rs780094 (glucokinase regulatory protein [GCKR]), and rs4240624 (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3b [PPP1R3B]) using regression modeling in an additive genetic model, controlling for age, age-squared, sex, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS The G allele of rs738409 (PNPLA3) and the T allele of rs780094 (GCKR) were associated with HS with a high level of ALT (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; P = .01; and OR, 1.30; P = .03, respectively). The A allele of rs4240624 (PPP1R3B) and the T allele of rs2228603 (NCAN) were associated with HS (OR, 1.28; P = .03; and OR, 1.40; P = .04, respectively). Variants of PNPLA3 and NCAN were associated with ALT level among all 3 ancestries. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with particular races or ethnicities: variants in PNPLA3, NCAN, GCKR, and PPP1R3B were associated with NHW and variants in PNPLA3 were associated with MA. No variants were associated with NHB. CONCLUSIONS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III to validate the association between rs738409 (PNPLA3), rs780094 (GCKR), and rs4240624 (PPP1R3B) with HS, with or without increased levels of ALT, among 3 different ancestries. Some, but not all, associations between variants in NCAN, lysophospholipase-like 1, GCKR, and PPP1R3B with HS (with and without increased ALT level) were significant within subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Hernaez
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Medicine, Washington Hospital Center/Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frederick L. Brancati
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Thutrang Nguyen
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ihab R. Kamel
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susanne Bonekamp
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark S. Eberhardt
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Jeanne M. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Hong Linda Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth K. Speliotes
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, and Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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