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Wang R, Bai Y, Hu T, Xu D, Suzuki T, Hu X. Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of three poorly known tintinnine ciliates, with the establishment of a new genus (Protista; Ciliophora; Oligotrichea). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:115. [PMID: 34187356 PMCID: PMC8243829 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomic classification of the suborder Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, a species-rich group of planktonic ciliated protistans with a characteristic lorica, has long been ambiguous largely due to the lack of cytological and molecular data for most species. Tintinnopsis is the largest, most widespread, and most taxonomically complex genus within this group with about 170 species occurring in nearshore waters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic. RESULTS Here we document the live morphology, infraciliature, gene sequences, and habitat characteristics of three poorly known tintinnine species, viz. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896, Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, and Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, isolated from the coastal waters of China. Based on a unique cytological feature (i.e., an elongated ciliary tuft with densely arranged kinetids) in the former two species, Antetintinnopsis gen. nov. is erected with Antetintinnopsis hemispiralis (Yin, 1956) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis hemispiralis Yin, 1956) designated as the type species. Moreover, A. karajacensis (Brandt, 1896) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896) and A. gracilis (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) are placed in a highly supported clade that branches separately from Tintinnopsis clades in phylogenetic trees based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequence data, thus supporting the establishment of the new genus. One other species is assigned to Antetintinnopsis gen. nov., namely A. subacuta (Jörgensen, 1899) comb. nov. (original combination Tintinnopsis subacuta Jörgensen, 1899). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the phylogenetic analyses support the assertion that cytological characters are taxonomically informative for tintinnines. This study also contributes to the broadening of our understanding of the tintinnine biodiversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Wang R, Song W, Bai Y, Warren A, Li L, Hu X. Morphological redescriptions and neotypification of two poorly known tintinnine ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Tintinnina), with a phylogenetic investigation based on SSU rRNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2515-2530. [PMID: 32118526 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two poorly known tintinnine ciliates collected from the coastal waters of PR China, viz., Codonellopsis mobilis Wang, 1936 and Tintinnopsis chinglanensis Nie & Ch'eng, 1947, were redescribed and neotypified using live observation, protargol staining and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Ciliature information and SSU rRNA gene sequence data of both species were revealed for the first time and improved diagnoses were given based on the original descriptions and data from the present study. Further phylogenetic analyses inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences and morphological data suggested that the genus Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic and that the genus Codonellopsis is non-monophyletic. The approximately unbiased test, however, does not reject the possibility that Codonellopsis is monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wen Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity; Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao 266003, PR China
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