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Ingle L, Powell R, Begg B, Birkett ST, Nichols S, Ennis S, Banerjee P, Shave R, McGregor G. Effects of Exercise Training Response on Quality of Life and Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles in People With Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From the HIIT or MISS UK Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)00883-9. [PMID: 38493909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of responders and nonresponders to 8 weeks of exercise training to determine differences in key cardiovascular disease outcomes in people with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the HIIT or MISS UK trial. SETTING Six outpatient National Health Service cardiac rehabilitation (CR) centers in the UK. In people with CAD attending CR, the HIIT or MISS UK trial reported that short-term, low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective than moderate-intensity steady state (MISS) exercise training for improving peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak). PARTICIPANTS 382 participants with CAD (N=382) (mean age: 58.8±9.6y; mean body mass index: 29.0±4.3 kg/m2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We identified responders and nonresponders based on a meaningful change in V̇o2peak, using 2 established methods. Key clinical, quality of life (QoL), and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS Responders were more likely to be younger (P<.05), and demonstrate greater improvement in CPET-related outcomes, for example, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, ventilatory efficiency, and peak power output (all comparisons, P<.001). Responders were more likely to observe improvements in QoL (EQ-5D-5L; mean Δ 13.6 vs mean Δ 9.4; P=.045), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (mean Δ 0.09 mmol/L vs mean Δ 0.04 mmol/L; P=.004), compared to nonresponders. CONCLUSIONS In people with CAD attending CR, responders to exercise training were more likely to be younger and demonstrate greater improvements in health-related QoL and HDL-c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ingle
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Richard Powell
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise and Health, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Health and Well-Being, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Brian Begg
- Cardiff Centre for Exercise and Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Gwent, Wales, UK
| | - Stefan T Birkett
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences. Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Nichols
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK; Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stuart Ennis
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise and Health, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Pritwish Banerjee
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Health and Well-Being, Coventry University, Coventry, UK; Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Rob Shave
- Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, CA
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise and Health, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Health and Well-Being, Coventry University, Coventry, UK; Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Mateo-Orcajada A, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Abenza-Cano L. Importance of training volume through the use of step trackers apps promoted from the subject of physical education to change body composition, physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents and the influence of gender ✰,✰✰. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114402. [PMID: 37935300 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in physical activity level (PA), kinanthropometric and derived variables, and physical fitness in adolescents, as a result of an out-of-school intervention with mobile step tracker apps promoted from the field of physical education, according to the volume of training completed and gender. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with 400 adolescents (210 males and 190 females) aged 12 to 16 years old (mean age: 13.96 ± 1.21 years-old). Adolescents were divided into experimental group (EG) (n = 240) and control group (CG) (n = 160). Two measurements were carried out, separated by a 10-week intervention, and PA, kinanthropometric variables and physical condition were measured. During the intervention, EG must use Strava (n = 74); Pokémon Go (n = 59); Pacer (n = 60); and MapMyWalk (n = 47) a minimum of 3 times per week, covering an incremental distance from 7,000 steps per day (week 1) to 12,500 steps per day (week 10). After that, EG were divided in quartile according to the volume of training completed. The results obtained showed a significant increase between pre-and post in PA (p = 0.009-0.044) and curl-up (p < 0.001-0.040) in EG regardless the quartile of compliance, and a reduction in fat variables (p < 0.001) and an increase in CMJ in 75-100 % compliance group (p = 0.005). The introduction of the covariate gender did not introduce changes in the intra-group evolution. On inter-group differences, differences were only found for the post-test values between 0-25 % Vs 25-50 % and between 50-75 % Vs 75-100 % with the group that completed a longer distance being the one that showed the lowest values in the post-test in both cases. When including the covariate gender, no significant differences were found for either the pre-test or the post-test on either variable. To conclude, a higher training volume with mobile apps seems to be relevant in the increase PA and strength and decrease of fat mass. The gender factor is not influential in the intra-group changes, but it is influential in the inter-group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Abenza-Cano
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Shi Q, Tong TK, Nie J, Tao D, Zhang H, Tan X, Kong Z. Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia boosts up team-sport-specific repeated-sprint ability: 2-week vs 5-week training regimen. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2699-2710. [PMID: 37335354 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate (1) the boosting effects immediately and 4 weeks following 2-week, 6-session repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH2-wk, n = 10) on the ability of team-sport players in performing repeated sprints (RSA) during a team-sport-specific intermittent exercise protocol (RSAIEP) by comparing with normoxic counterpart (CON2-wk, n = 12), and (2) the dose effects of the RSH by comparing the RSA alterations in RSH2-wk with those resulting from a 5-week, 15-session regimen (RSH5-wk, n = 10). METHODS Repeated-sprint training protocol consisted of 3 sets, 5 × 5-s all-out sprints on non-motorized treadmill interspersed with 25-s passive recovery under the hypoxia of 13.5% and normoxia, respectively. The within- (pre-, post-, 4-week post-intervention) and between- (RSH2-wk, RSH5-wk, CON2-wk) group differences in the performance of four sets of RSA tests held during the RSAIEP on the same treadmill were assessed. RESULTS In comparison with pre-intervention, RSA variables, particularly the mean velocity, horizontal force, and power output during the RSAIEP enhanced significantly immediate post RSH in RSH2-wk (5.1-13.7%), while trivially in CON2-wk (2.1-6.2%). Nevertheless, the enhanced RSA in RSH2-wk diminished 4 weeks after the RSH (- 3.17-0.37%). For the RSH5-wk, the enhancement of RSA immediately following the 5-week RSH (4.2-16.3%) did not differ from that of RSH2-wk, yet the enhanced RSA was well-maintained 4-week post-RSH (0.12-1.14%). CONCLUSIONS Two-week and five-week RSH regimens could comparably boost up the effects of repeated-sprint training in normoxia, while dose effect detected on the RSA enhancement was minimal. Nevertheless, superior residual effects of the RSH on RSA appear to be associated with prolonged regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao S.A.R, China
| | - Tomas K Tong
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao S.A.R, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Physical Education College, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoying Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao S.A.R, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Av. da Universidade, Taipa, Macao S.A.R, China.
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Schüler J, Stähler J, Wolff W. Mind-over-body beliefs in sport and exercise: A driving force for training volume and performance, but with risks for exercise addiction. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 68:102462. [PMID: 37665904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We assume that athletic success is associated with certain beliefs that on the one hand promote performance-enhancing behavior (training volume), but on the other hand can also be detrimental to health (sports addiction). These beliefs are succinctly characterized by the title of the 9-item "Mind-over-Body" scale presented here. They are the three beliefs that 1) athletic performance requires a high level of effort, 2) that willpower plays an important role in athletic success, and 3) that athletic success requires pain tolerance. A total of six web-survey-based studies with a total of 1121 participants (approximately gender parity), including individuals with different levels of athletic performance (no competition; amateur sport; regional, national, or international competition), examined the psychometric network and construct and criterion validity of the MoB scale. Exploratory graph analyses, which included the studies with the largest sample sizes, showed that the three belief components (effort, willpower, pain) form separable communities within the MoB network and that the MoB items form communities distinct from self-control and self-efficacy. Meta-analyzed correlations across all six studies showed low positive correlations with self-control and self-efficacy. In terms of criterion validity, MoB beliefs were positively correlated with training volume and exercise addiction. We discuss MoBs as "on the edge of unhealthy" and place MOBs within a framework of related but distinct concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanja Wolff
- University of Konstanz, Germany; University of Bern, Switzerland
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Sødal LK, Kristiansen E, Larsen S, van den Tillaar R. Effects of Drop Sets on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37523092 PMCID: PMC10390395 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most popular time-efficient training methods when training for muscle hypertrophy is drop sets, which is performed by taking sets to concentric muscle failure at a given load, then making a drop by reducing the load and immediately taking the next set to concentric or voluntary muscle failure. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effects of drop sets over traditional sets on skeletal muscle hypertrophy. METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The SPORTDiscus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases were searched on April 9, 2022, for all studies investigating the effects of the drop set training method on muscle hypertrophy that meets the predefined inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 (Biostat Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA) was used to run the statistical analysis. Publication bias was assessed through visual inspection of the funnel plots for asymmetry and statistically by Egger's regression test with an alpha level of 0.10. RESULTS Six studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. The number of participants in the studies was 142 (28 women and 114 men) with an age range of 19.2-27 years. The average sample size was 23.6 ± 10.9 (range 9-41). Five studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that both the drop set and traditional training groups increased significantly from pre- to post-test regarding muscle hypertrophy (drop set standardized mean difference: 0.555, 95% CI 0.357-0.921, p < 0.0001; traditional set standardized mean difference: 0.437, 95% CI 0.266-0.608, p < 0.0001). No significant between-group difference was found (standardized mean difference: 0.155, 95% CI - 0.199 to - 0.509, p = 0.392). CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that drop sets present an efficient strategy for maximizing hypertrophy in those with limited time for training. There was no significant difference in hypertrophy measurements between the drop set and traditional training groups, but some of the drop set modalities took half to one-third of the time compared with traditional training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eirik Kristiansen
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
| | - Stian Larsen
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
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Mang ZA, Realzola RA, Ducharme J, Bellissimo GF, Beam JR, Mermier C, de Castro Magalhaes F, Kravitz L, Amorim FT. The effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when time under tension is matched during lower body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1485-1495. [PMID: 35394146 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when time under tension (TUT) and effort are matched during sessions of lower body resistance training (RT). METHODS In a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 11 recreationally trained females (n = 5) and males (n = 6) performed 5 sets of belt squats under the following conditions: slow-repetition tempo (SLOW; 10 reps with 4-s eccentric and 2-s concentric) and traditional-repetition tempo (TRAD; 20 reps with 2-s eccentric and 1-s concentric). TUT (60 s) was matched between conditions and external load was adjusted so that lifters were close to concentric muscular failure at the end of each set. External load, total volume load (TVL), impulse (IMP), blood lactate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), HR, and muscle oxygenation were measured. RESULTS Data indicated that TVL (p < 0.001), blood lactate (p = 0.017), RPE (p = 0.015), and HR (p < 0.001) were significantly greater during TRAD while external load (p = 0.030) and IMP (p = 0.002) were significantly greater during SLOW. Whether it was expressed as minimal values or change scores, muscle oxygenation was not different between protocols. CONCLUSION When TUT is matched, TVL, cardiovascular stress, metabolic stress, and perceived exertion are greater when faster repetition tempos are used. In contrast, IMP and external load are greater when slower repetition tempos are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Rogelio A Realzola
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jeremy Ducharme
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jason R Beam
- School of Fitness Education, Santa Fe Community College, Santa Fe, NM, 87508, USA
| | - Christine Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Flavio de Castro Magalhaes
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Len Kravitz
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fabiano T Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Rissanen J, Walker S, Pareja-Blanco F, Häkkinen K. Velocity-based resistance training: do women need greater velocity loss to maximize adaptations? Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1269-1280. [PMID: 35258681 PMCID: PMC9012837 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Men and women typically display different neuromuscular characteristics, force–velocity relationships, and differing strength deficit (upper vs. lower body). Thus, it is not clear how previous recommendations for training with velocity-loss resistance training based on data in men will apply to women. This study examined the inter-sex differences in neuromuscular adaptations using 20% and 40% velocity-loss protocols in back squat and bench press exercises. Methods The present study employed an 8-week intervention (2 × week) comparing 20% vs. 40% velocity-loss resistance training in the back squat and bench press exercises in young men and women (~ 26 years). Maximum strength (1-RM) and submaximal-load mean propulsive velocity (MPV) for low- and high-velocity lifts in squat and bench press, countermovement jump and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area were measured at pre-, mid-, and post-training. Surface EMG of quadriceps measured muscle activity during performance tests. Results All groups increased 1-RM strength in squat and bench press exercises, as well as MPV using submaximal loads and countermovement jump height (P < 0.05). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed, but higher magnitudes following 40% velocity loss in 1-RM (g = 0.60) and in low- (g = 1.42) and high-velocity (g = 0.98) lifts occurred in women. Training-induced improvements were accompanied by increases in surface EMG amplitude and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area. Conclusion Similar increases in strength and power performance were observed in men and women over 8 weeks of velocity-based resistance training. However, some results suggest that strength and power gains favor using 40% rather than 20% velocity loss in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rissanen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - F Pareja-Blanco
- Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - K Häkkinen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Citarella R, Itani L, Intini V, Zucchinali G, Scevaroli S, Tannir H, El Masri D, Kreidieh D, El Ghoch M. Association between dietary practice, body composition, training volume and sport performance in 100-Km elite ultramarathon runners. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:239-243. [PMID: 33745586 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Sport performance during competitions is a central goal for athletes, and several factors have been identified that appear to have an association with better performance in different sport disciplines. However, the data are still not conclusive in ultramarathon runners. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the potential associations between anthropometric, body composition, dietary and training factors and athletic performance in 100-Km elite ultramarathon runners. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), body composition, training volume, Mediterranean dietary adequacy score (MDAS) and "100-Km race competition record" were assessed in 10 elite ultramarathon runners from the Italian Ultramarathon and Trail Association (IUTA) of the Italian national team. RESULTS The study sample had a mean age of 41.1 ± 7.59 years and BMI of 21.66 ± 1.11 kg/m2. Female athletes had a lower appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and 100-Km race competition record, and a higher trunk fat percentage and MDAS compared to males. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the 100-Km race competition record and age, gender, ASMI, training volume, total body and trunk fat percentages. However, after correcting for confounders, partial correlation analysis confirmed only the association between training volume and 100-Km race competition record (ρ = -0.891, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that a higher training volume expressed as Kilometers per week is an independent variable associated with better performance in 100-Km race competitions in elite ultramarathon runners. Future studies are needed to assess the usefulness of programs based on the increase of training volume as a strategy to improve athletic performance in 100-Km races in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Citarella
- CTR Centre of Rehabilitation Therapy, Fratelli Cervi Street, 59/e, 42124, Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy; Italian Ultra Marathon and Trail Association, Moscardo Street, 47, 37142, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Vito Intini
- Italian Ultra Marathon and Trail Association, Moscardo Street, 47, 37142, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Gregorio Zucchinali
- Italian Ultra Marathon and Trail Association, Moscardo Street, 47, 37142, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Stefano Scevaroli
- Italian Ultra Marathon and Trail Association, Moscardo Street, 47, 37142, Verona (VR), Italy
| | - Hana Tannir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana El Masri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima Kreidieh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, P.O. Box 11-5020, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Lacerda LT, Marra-Lopes RO, Lanza MB, Diniz RCR, Lima FV, Martins-Costa HC, Pedrosa GF, Gustavo Pereira Andrade A, Kibele A, Chagas MH. Resistance training with different repetition duration to failure: effect on hypertrophy, strength and muscle activation. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10909. [PMID: 33665031 PMCID: PMC7916538 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the effects of two 14-week resistance training protocols with different repetition duration (RD) performed to muscle failure (MF) on gains in strength and muscle hypertrophy as well as on normalized electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and force-angle relationships. Methods The left and right legs of ten untrained males were assigned to either one of the two protocols (2-s or 6-s RD) incorporating unilateral knee extension exercise. Both protocols were performed with 3–4 sets, 50–60% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM), and 3 min rest. Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis cross-sectional areas (CSA), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) at 30o and 90o of knee flexion and 1RM performance were assessed before and after the training period. In addition, normalized EMG amplitude-angle and force-angle relationships were assessed in the 6th and 39th experimental sessions. Results The 6-s RD protocol induced larger gains in MVIC at 30o of knee angle measurement than the 2-s RD protocol. Increases in MVIC at 90o of knee angle, 1RM, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis CSA were not significant between the 2-s and 6-s RD protocols. Moreover, different normalized EMG amplitude-angle and force-angle values were detected between protocols over most of the angles analyzed. Conclusion Performing longer RD could be a more appropriate strategy to provide greater gains in isometric maximal muscle strength at shortened knee positions. However, similar maximum dynamic strength and muscle hypertrophy gains would be provided by protocols with different RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Túlio Lacerda
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Otávio Marra-Lopes
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcel Bahia Lanza
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Maryland, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo César Ribeiro Diniz
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vitor Lima
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cesar Martins-Costa
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Pedrosa
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Aeronautical Instruction and Adaptation Centre, Brazilian Air Force, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Pereira Andrade
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Armin Kibele
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Mönchebergstraße, Kassel, Germany
| | - Mauro Heleno Chagas
- Weight Training Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Haugen T, Seiler S, Sandbakk Ø, Tønnessen E. The Training and Development of Elite Sprint Performance: an Integration of Scientific and Best Practice Literature. Sports Med Open 2019; 5:44. [PMID: 31754845 PMCID: PMC6872694 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-019-0221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite a voluminous body of research devoted to sprint training, our understanding of the training process leading to a world-class sprint performance is limited. The objective of this review is to integrate scientific and best practice literature regarding the training and development of elite sprint performance. Sprint performance is heavily dependent upon genetic traits, and the annual within-athlete performance differences are lower than the typical variation, the smallest worthwhile change, and the influence of external conditions such as wind, monitoring methodologies, etc. Still, key underlying determinants (e.g., power, technique, and sprint-specific endurance) are trainable. In this review, we describe how well-known training principles (progression, specificity, variation/periodization, and individualization) and varying training methods (e.g., sprinting/running, technical training, strength/power, plyometric training) are used in a sprint training context. Indeed, there is a considerable gap between science and best practice in how training principles and methods are applied. While the vast majority of sprint-related studies are performed on young team sport athletes and focus on brief sprints with maximal intensity and short recoveries, elite sprinters perform sprinting/running over a broad range of distances and with varying intensity and recovery periods. Within best practice, there is a stronger link between choice of training component (i.e., modality, duration, intensity, recovery, session rate) and the intended purpose of the training session compared with the “one-size-fits-all” approach in scientific literature. This review provides a point of departure for scientists and practitioners regarding the training and development of elite sprint performance and can serve as a position statement for outlining state-of-the-art sprint training recommendations and for generation of new hypotheses to be tested in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190 Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephen Seiler
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Espen Tønnessen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190 Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Finlay C, Dobbin N, Jones G. The epidemiology of injuries in adult amateur rowers: A cross-sectional study. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 41:29-33. [PMID: 31715556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence, nature and factors associated with injury among adult amateur rowers. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING UK-based amateur rowing clubs. PARTICIPANTS 160 amateur rowers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frequency, type, location, severity and rowing-related factors associated with injury. RESULTS Injury rate was 5.7 per 1000 sessions, with no effect of sex (χ2 = 0.195, P = 0.659) or weight class (χ2 = 0.800, P = 0.371). The lower-back demonstrated an epidemiological incidence proportion (IP) of 0.39 (95%CI = 0.33 to 0.46). The IP for water- and land-based training was 0.39 (95%CI = 0.31 to 0.47) and 0.57 (95%CI = 0.49 to 0.65), respectively. IP was highest between January and March (0.13-0.15), whilst time loss was 0.49 (95%CI = 0.42-0.57). The IP for 'overuse' and 'traumatic' injuries was 0.71 (95%CI = 0.65 to 0.78) and 0.22 (95%CI = 0.16 to 0.27), respectively. Training volume was positively associated with injury rate (r = 0.418, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Injury rates appear higher among amateur rowers with the most common injury site being the lower-back. Our results suggest several contextual factors influence injury risk including seasonal phase, training type and training volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Finlay
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
| | - Nick Dobbin
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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12
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Kuppens K, Feijen S, Roussel N, Nijs J, Cras P, van Wilgen P, Struyf F. Training volume is associated with pain sensitivity, but not with endogenous pain modulation, in competitive swimmers. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:150-156. [PMID: 30978601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of pain sensitivity and endogenous analgesia capacity, and training volume in a group of competitive swimmers. DESIGN An observational multi-center study. SETTING Multiple competitive swimming clubs. PARTICIPANTS 102 healthy competitive swimmers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Training volume was estimated using self-reported information. Static and dynamic measures of pain were assessed using pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM), the latter as a measure of endogenous pain inhibition. Selected demographic and psychosocial measures were considered as possible confounding factors. RESULTS Moderate positive correlations (0.38 < r < 0.44; p < 0.01) exist between self-reported training volume and PPTs at widespread body areas in competitive swimmers. These results were maintained during linear regression analysis while addressing possible confounding factors such as age and selected psychosocial factors. No associations were found between self-reported training volume and conditioned pain modulation (-0.08 < r < 0.06; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported swim training volume is associated with pain sensitivity in competitive swimmers. Swimmers who train more show higher pressure pain thresholds, indicating lower pain sensitivity. Swim training volume is not associated with endogenous nociceptive inhibitory capacity as determined using CPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kuppens
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stef Feijen
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Roussel
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jo Nijs
- Department of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul van Wilgen
- Department of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Transcare, Transdisciplinary Pain Management Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Filip Struyf
- Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Mueller S, Mueller J, Stoll J, Prieske O, Cassel M, Mayer F. Incidence of back pain in adolescent athletes: a prospective study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:38. [PMID: 27980790 PMCID: PMC5142377 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, the incidence rate of back pain (BP) in adolescents has been reported at 21%. However, the development of BP in adolescent athletes is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of BP in young elite athletes in relation to gender and type of sport practiced. Methods Subjective BP was assessed in 321 elite adolescent athletes (m/f 57%/43%; 13.2 ± 1.4 years; 163.4 ± 11.4 cm; 52.6 ± 12.6 kg; 5.0 ± 2.6 training yrs; 7.6 ± 5.3 training h/week). Initially, all athletes were free of pain. The main outcome criterion was the incidence of back pain [%] analyzed in terms of pain development from the first measurement day (M1) to the second measurement day (M2) after 2.0 ± 1.0 year. Participants were classified into athletes who developed back pain (BPD) and athletes who did not develop back pain (nBPD). BP (acute or within the last 7 days) was assessed with a 5-step face scale (face 1–2 = no pain; face 3–5 = pain). BPD included all athletes who reported faces 1 and 2 at M1 and faces 3 to 5 at M2. nBPD were all athletes who reported face 1 or 2 at both M1 and M2. Data was analyzed descriptively. Additionally, a Chi2 test was used to analyze gender- and sport-specific differences (p = 0.05). Results Thirty-two athletes were categorized as BPD (10%). The gender difference was 5% (m/f: 12%/7%) but did not show statistical significance (p = 0.15). The incidence of BP ranged between 6 and 15% for the different sport categories. Game sports (15%) showed the highest, and explosive strength sports (6%) the lowest incidence. Anthropometrics or training characteristics did not significantly influence BPD (p = 0.14 gender to p = 0.90 sports; r2 = 0.0825). Conclusions BP incidence was lower in adolescent athletes compared to young non-athletes and even to the general adult population. Consequently, it can be concluded that high-performance sports do not lead to an additional increase in back pain incidence during early adolescence. Nevertheless, back pain prevention programs should be implemented into daily training routines for sport categories identified as showing high incidence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mueller
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Juliane Mueller
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Josefine Stoll
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olaf Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Cassel
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Mayer
- University Outpatient Clinic, Sports Medicine & Sports Orthopaedics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10 - House 12, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Knechtle B, Knechtle P, Rosemann T, Lepers R. Is body fat a predictor of race time in female long-distance inline skaters? Asian J Sports Med 2012; 1:131-6. [PMID: 22375200 PMCID: PMC3289175 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate predictor variables of race time in female ultra-endurance inliners in the longest inline race in Europe. METHODS We investigated the association between anthropometric and training characteristics and race time for 16 female ultra-endurance inline skaters, at the longest inline marathon in Europe, the 'Inline One-eleven' over 111 km in Switzerland, using bi- and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The mean (SD) race time was 289.7 (54.6) min. The bivariate analysis showed that body height (r=0.61), length of leg (r=0.61), number of weekly inline skating training sessions (r=-0.51) and duration of each training unit (r=0.61) were significantly correlated with race time. Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that body height, duration of each training unit, and age were the best variables to predict race time. CONCLUSION Race time in ultra-endurance inline races such as the 'Inline One-eleven' over 111 km might be predicted by the following equation (r(2)=0.65): Race time (min)=-691.62+521.71 (body height, m)+0.58 (duration of each training unit, min)+1.78 (age, yrs) for female ultra-endurance inline skaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Knechtle
- Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding Author: Address: Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St, Gallen Vadianstrasse 26, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland E-mail:
| | | | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Lepers
- INSERM U887, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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