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Cymer F, Hedman R, Ismail N, von Heijne G. Exploration of the arrest peptide sequence space reveals arrest-enhanced variants. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10208-15. [PMID: 25713070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.641555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational arrest peptides (APs) are short stretches of polypeptides that induce translational stalling when synthesized on a ribosome. Mechanical pulling forces acting on the nascent chain can weaken or even abolish stalling. APs can therefore be used as in vivo force sensors, making it possible to measure the forces that act on a nascent chain during translation with single-residue resolution. It is also possible to score the relative strengths of APs by subjecting them to a given pulling force and ranking them according to stalling efficiency. Using the latter approach, we now report an extensive mutagenesis scan of a strong mutant variant of the Mannheimia succiniciproducens SecM AP and identify mutations that further increase the stalling efficiency. Combining three such mutations, we designed an AP that withstands the strongest pulling force we are able to generate at present. We further show that diproline stretches in a nascent protein act as very strong APs when translation is carried out in the absence of elongation factor P. Our findings highlight critical residues in APs, show that certain amino acid sequences induce very strong translational arrest and provide a toolbox of APs of varying strengths that can be used for in vivo force measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cymer
- From the Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Rickard Hedman
- From the Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Nurzian Ismail
- From the Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and
| | - Gunnar von Heijne
- From the Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden and the Science for Life Laboratory Stockholm University, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden
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2
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Wu H, Gong W, Yao X, Wang J, Perrett S, Feng Y. Evolutionarily conserved binding of translationally controlled tumor protein to eukaryotic elongation factor 1B. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8694-710. [PMID: 25635048 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is an abundant protein that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. However, its primary function is still not clear. Human TCTP interacts with the metazoan-specific eukaryotic elongation factor 1Bδ (eEF1Bδ) and inhibits its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity, but the structural mechanism remains unknown. The interaction between TCTP and eEF1Bδ was investigated by NMR titration, structure determination, paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, site-directed mutagenesis, isothermal titration calorimetry, and HADDOCK docking. We first demonstrated that the catalytic GEF domain of eEF1Bδ is not responsible for binding to TCTP but rather a previously unnoticed central acidic region (CAR) domain in eEF1Bδ. The mutagenesis data and the structural model of the TCTP-eEF1Bδ CAR domain complex revealed the key binding residues. These residues are highly conserved in eukaryotic TCTPs and in eEF1B GEFs, including the eukaryotically conserved eEF1Bα, implying the interaction may be conserved in all eukaryotes. Interactions were confirmed between TCTP and the eEF1Bα CAR domain for human, fission yeast, and unicellular photosynthetic microalgal proteins, suggesting that involvement in protein translation through the conserved interaction with eEF1B represents a primary function of TCTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Wu
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Gong
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
| | - Xingzhe Yao
- the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China the Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, and
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
| | - Sarah Perrett
- From the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,
| | - Yingang Feng
- the Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, and
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Borg A, Holm M, Shiroyama I, Hauryliuk V, Pavlov M, Sanyal S, Ehrenberg M. Fusidic acid targets elongation factor G in several stages of translocation on the bacterial ribosome. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3440-54. [PMID: 25451927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.611608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) targets elongation factor G (EF-G) and inhibits ribosomal peptide elongation and ribosome recycling, but deeper mechanistic aspects of FA action have remained unknown. Using quench flow and stopped flow experiments in a biochemical system for protein synthesis and taking advantage of separate time scales for inhibited (10 s) and uninhibited (100 ms) elongation cycles, a detailed kinetic model of FA action was obtained. FA targets EF-G at an early stage in the translocation process (I), which proceeds unhindered by the presence of the drug to a later stage (II), where the ribosome stalls. Stalling may also occur at a third stage of translocation (III), just before release of EF-G from the post-translocation ribosome. We show that FA is a strong elongation inhibitor (K50% ≈ 1 μm), discuss the identity of the FA targeted states, and place existing cryo-EM and crystal structures in their functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Borg
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and 3H Biomedical AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 34A, Uppsala Science Park, 751 83 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Holm
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Ikue Shiroyama
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Vasili Hauryliuk
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Michael Pavlov
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
| | - Måns Ehrenberg
- From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden and
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4
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Dzialo MC, Travaglini KJ, Shen S, Roy K, Chanfreau GF, Loo JA, Clarke SG. Translational roles of elongation factor 2 protein lysine methylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30511-30524. [PMID: 25231983 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of various components of the translational machinery has been shown to globally affect protein synthesis. Little is currently known about the role of lysine methylation on elongation factors. Here we show that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the product of the EFM3/YJR129C gene is responsible for the trimethylation of lysine 509 on elongation factor 2. Deletion of EFM3 or of the previously described EFM2 increases sensitivity to antibiotics that target translation and decreases translational fidelity. Furthermore, the amino acid sequences of Efm3 and Efm2, as well as their respective methylation sites on EF2, are conserved in other eukaryotes. These results suggest the importance of lysine methylation modification of EF2 in fine tuning the translational apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Dzialo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kyle J Travaglini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Sean Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kevin Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Guillaume F Chanfreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Biological Chemistry and UCLA/Department of Energy Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute and UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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Davydova E, Ho AYY, Malecki J, Moen A, Enserink JM, Jakobsson ME, Loenarz C, Falnes PØ. Identification and characterization of a novel evolutionarily conserved lysine-specific methyltransferase targeting eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30499-30510. [PMID: 25231979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.601658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of the cellular protein translation machinery, such as ribosomal proteins and translation factors, are subject to numerous post-translational modifications. In particular, this group of proteins is frequently methylated. However, for the majority of these methylations, the responsible methyltransferases (MTases) remain unknown. The human FAM86A (family with sequence similarity 86) protein belongs to a recently identified family of protein MTases, and we here show that FAM86A catalyzes the trimethylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) on Lys-525. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTase Yjr129c, which displays sequence homology to FAM86A, is a functional FAM86A orthologue, modifying the corresponding residue (Lys-509) in yeast eEF2, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, Yjr129c-deficient yeast cells displayed phenotypes related to eEF2 function (i.e. increased frameshifting during protein translation and hypersensitivity toward the eEF2-specific drug sordarin). In summary, the present study establishes the function of the previously uncharacterized MTases FAM86A and Yjr129c, demonstrating that these enzymes introduce a functionally important lysine methylation in eEF2. Based on the previous naming of similar enzymes, we have redubbed FAM86A and Yjr129c as eEF2-KMT and Efm3, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Davydova
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Y Y Ho
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jedrzej Malecki
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Moen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway, and
| | - Magnus E Jakobsson
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoph Loenarz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pål Ø Falnes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway,.
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Hersch SJ, Elgamal S, Katz A, Ibba M, Navarre WW. Translation initiation rate determines the impact of ribosome stalling on bacterial protein synthesis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28160-71. [PMID: 25148683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome stalling during translation can be caused by a number of characterized mechanisms. However, the impact of elongation stalls on protein levels is variable, and the reasons for this are often unclear. To investigate this relationship, we examined the bacterial translation elongation factor P (EF-P), which plays a critical role in rescuing ribosomes stalled at specific amino acid sequences including polyproline motifs. In previous proteomic analyses of both Salmonella and Escherichia coli efp mutants, it was evident that not all proteins containing a polyproline motif were dependent on EF-P for efficient expression in vivo. The α- and β-subunits of ATP synthase, AtpA and AtpD, are translated from the same mRNA transcript, and both contain a PPG motif; however, proteomic analysis revealed that AtpD levels are strongly dependent on EF-P, whereas AtpA levels are independent of EF-P. Using these model proteins, we systematically determined that EF-P dependence is strongly influenced by elements in the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA. By mutating either the Shine-Dalgarno sequence or the start codon, we find that EF-P dependence correlates directly with the rate of translation initiation where strongly expressed proteins show the greatest dependence on EF-P. Our findings demonstrate that polyproline-induced stalls exert a net effect on protein levels only if they limit translation significantly more than initiation. This model can be generalized to explain why sequences that induce pauses in translation elongation to, for example, facilitate folding do not necessarily exact a penalty on the overall production of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Hersch
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
| | - Sara Elgamal
- the Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Assaf Katz
- the Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Michael Ibba
- the Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - William Wiley Navarre
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada and
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Burnett BJ, Altman RB, Ferguson A, Wasserman MR, Zhou Z, Blanchard SC. Direct evidence of an elongation factor-Tu/Ts·GTP·Aminoacyl-tRNA quaternary complex. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:23917-27. [PMID: 24990941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.583385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During protein synthesis, elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) bound to GTP chaperones the entry of aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) into actively translating ribosomes. In so doing, EF-Tu increases the rate and fidelity of the translation mechanism. Recent evidence suggests that EF-Ts, the guanosine nucleotide exchange factor for EF-Tu, directly accelerates both the formation and dissociation of the EF-Tu-GTP-Phe-tRNA(Phe) ternary complex (Burnett, B. J., Altman, R. B., Ferrao, R., Alejo, J. L., Kaur, N., Kanji, J., and Blanchard, S. C. (2013) J. Biol. Chem. 288, 13917-13928). A central feature of this model is the existence of a quaternary complex of EF-Tu/Ts·GTP·aa-tRNA(aa). Here, through comparative investigations of phenylalanyl, methionyl, and arginyl ternary complexes, and the development of a strategy to monitor their formation and decay using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we reveal the generality of this newly described EF-Ts function and the first direct evidence of the transient quaternary complex species. These findings suggest that EF-Ts may regulate ternary complex abundance in the cell through mechanisms that are distinct from its guanosine nucleotide exchange factor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelica Ferguson
- Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | | | - Zhou Zhou
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics and
| | - Scott C Blanchard
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
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