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Han Y, Yu X, Cao Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Lyu C, Li Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Transport and risk of airborne pathogenic microorganisms in the process of decentralized sewage discharge and treatment. Water Res 2024; 256:121646. [PMID: 38657309 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Sewage treatment processes are a critical anthropogenic source of bioaerosols and may present significant health risks to plant workers. Compared with the specialization and scale of urban sewage treatment, many decentralized treatment models are flexible and extensive. These treatment facilities are usually close to residential areas owing to the pipe network layout and other restrictions. Bioaerosols generated by these facilities may present a serious and widespread occupational and non-occupational exposure risk to nearby residents, particularly the elderly and children. An understanding of the characteristics and exposure risks of bioaerosols produced during decentralized sewage treatment is lacking. We compared bioaerosol emission characteristics and potential exposure risks under four decentralized sewage discharge methods and treatment models: small container collection (SCC), open-channel discharge (OCD), single household/combined treatment (SHCT), and centralized treatment (CT) in northwest China. The OCD mode had the highest bioaerosol production, whereas the CT mode had the lowest. The OCD model contained the most pathogenic bacterial species, up to 43 species, including Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Cladosporium, and Alternaria. Risk assessments indicated bioaerosol exposure was lower in the models with sewage treatment (SHCT and CT) than in those without (SCC and OCD). Different populations exhibited large variations in potential risks owing to differences in time spent indoors and outdoors. The highest risk was observed in males exposed to the SCC model. This study provides a theoretical basis and theories for the future joint prevention and control of the bioaerosol exposure risk from decentralized sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xuezheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Chenlei Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Xu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Linghu EQ. New direction for surgery: Super minimally invasive surgery. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1676-1679. [PMID: 38617740 PMCID: PMC11008381 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i12.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The top goal of modern medicine is treating disease without destroying organ structures and making patients as healthy as they were before their sickness. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has dominated the surgical realm because of its lesser invasiveness. However, changes in anatomical structures of the body and reconstruction of internal organs or different organs are common after traditional surgery or MIS, decreasing the quality of life of patients post-operation. Thus, I propose a new treatment mode, super MIS (SMIS), which is defined as "curing a disease or lesion which used to be treated by MIS while preserving the integrity of the organs". In this study, I describe the origin, definition, operative channels, advantages, and future perspectives of SMIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Tan Y, Liu H, OuYang L, Xu W, Liang X, Zhou H, Shen C, Hu Z, Zhu Y. Impact of Cerebrospinal Fluid Sample Handling on Cytokine Detection Results. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:470-474. [PMID: 35777804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of different treatment methods on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine detection. METHODS CSF samples were collected from 25 patients. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-2 were measured after CSF was stored at room temperature (25°C) or 4°C for 6, 12, and 24 hrs. The CSF was frozen at -80°C, thawed at room temperature for 1 hr every 8 hrs and then frozen. This process was repeated three times in a row, and then cytokine levels in CSF were detected again. RESULTS The four cytokines were stable when the CSF was kept at room temperature for 6 hrs. After 12 hrs of storage, the levels of the four cytokines decreased, and the changes in IL-6 and IL-10 levels were statistically significant. After 24 hrs of storage, the levels of the four cytokines were further reduced, and the changes were statistically significant. Cytokines were stable when CSF was stored at 4°C, and only IL-10 exhibited statistically significant changes when stored for 24 hrs. IL-6, IL-10 IFN-γ, and IL-2 were stable in CSF samples after three freeze-thaw cycles. CONCLUSION The stability of CSF cytokines is poor after storage at room temperature and good after storage at 4°C. Therefore, cytokine detection should be carried out after CSF collection as often as possible. If the detection cannot be done quickly enough, the specimens should be stored in cold storage for no more than 24 hrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunChang Tan
- Department of General Surgery and Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huai Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - LiangLiang OuYang
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - XiaoJun Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - HuiXiang Zhou
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - ZhiJian Hu
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - YuLi Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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Plener PL, Frottier PM. [Assertive care as new treatment perspective for Austria]. Neuropsychiatr 2022; 36:188-91. [PMID: 36342615 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although intensive, assertive treatment options in child and adoledcent psychiatry have been successfully evaluated and established in several countries, this development is just beginning in Austria. As part of the so called home-treatment, care is provided by a multiprofessional team to patients with severe mental disorders, who would otherwise be treated in an inpatiet setting at their own home. This opens up the opportunity for a better generalizability of therapeutic progress and an intensive work with the family system. Alternative models for inpatient care like home-treatment, show the potential for intensive therapeutic options independent of building structures. Further development of this therapeutic option based on evaluated model projects is desirable within the Austrian health care system.
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Kishimoto M, Yamairi F, Sato N, Kobayashi J, Yamauchi S, Iwasaki T. Patient Preference for Treatment Mode of Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A 2020 Web-based Survey in Japan. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:1095-111. [PMID: 34089509 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the proportion of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) has increased steadily, the relationship between patient background and preference for bDMARDs has not been fully investigated. Methods We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey among patients aged ≥ 20 years with RA receiving bDMARDs. Participants were recruited through an internet research company in Japan. Study endpoints included factors affecting the preferred bDMARD treatment mode, namely, in-hospital intravenous infusion (infusion), in-hospital subcutaneous injection (in-hospital injection), or self-administered subcutaneous injection (self-injection), and discrepancies between the current and preferred treatment mode. Results Of the 400 patients surveyed for preferred treatment mode, 15.3% preferred infusion, 18.0% preferred in-hospital injection, and 66.8% preferred self-injection. A preference for infusion (odds ratio [OR] 2.218 and 6.165) and in-hospital injection (OR 4.735 and 6.026) versus self-injection was significantly associated with higher current frequency of hospital visits and anxiety or other hurdles related to self-injection. A flexible administration setting was significantly associated with a preference for self-injection versus infusion (OR 0.401) and versus in-hospital injection (OR 0.445). Further, age (< 40 vs. ≥ 60 years) was significantly associated with a preference for self-injection versus in-hospital injection (OR 0.120). Many patients reported no discrepancy between their current and preferred treatment mode (patients receiving infusion, 68.0%; in-hospital injection, 71.2%; and self-injection, 94.0%). However, > 90% of patients responded that they would change their current mode in the future following a recommendation by a medical professional, aging, or a change in RA symptoms. Conclusions This web-based survey showed that patient preference for bDMARD treatment mode was significantly associated with age, frequency of hospital visits, flexible administration setting, and anxiety or other hurdles to self-injection. Changes in patient background which affect the preferred treatment mode should be considered in decision-making for RA therapy with bDMARDs. Trial registration R000048089 (UMIN-CTR) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40744-021-00325-9.
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Li YF, Zhou ZW. [Exploration and thoughts on perioperative treatment of advanced gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 24:112-117. [PMID: 33508915 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20201129-00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Perioperative treatment is critical to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer. There are three therapeutic modes of perioperative treatment for resectable gastric cancer: neoadjuvant chemotherapy+ D1/D2 surgery+ adjuvant chemotherapy, D0/D1 surgery+ adjuvant radiochemotherapy, and D2 surgery+ adjuvant chemotherapy. Over the decades, a large number of clinical studies had been conducted to optimize the perioperative treatment mode of gastric cancer, including the postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and perioperative chemotherapy, and to explore the feasibility of preoperative radiochemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. After nearly 20 years of development and exploration, although the perioperative treatment mode for advanced gastric cancer has become standardized, there are still some core issues that need to be solved urgently, including the selection of population for perioperative treatment, the limitation of efficaly evaluation criteria, insufficient emphasis on laparoscopic exploration before neoadjuvant treatment, and lack of exploration in esophagogastric junction cancer. We should fully integrate the current clinical research data into clinical practice, adopt a multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment mode, and follow the principles of standardized diagnosis and treatment based on a multi-dimensional analysis of patient characteristics, and formulate the most reasonable treatment strategy to ultimately benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Z W Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess the survival probability among patients with liver trauma injury using the anatomical and psychological scores of conditions, characteristics and treatment modes. Design/methodology/approach - A logistic model is used to estimate 173 patients' survival probability. Data are taken from patient records. Only emergency room patients admitted to University Hospital of Trauma (former Military Hospital) in Tirana are included. Data are recorded anonymously, preserving the patients' privacy. Findings - When correctly predicted, the logistic models show that survival probability varies from 70.5 percent up to 95.4 percent. The degree of trauma injury, trauma with liver and other organs, total days the patient was hospitalized, and treatment method (conservative vs intervention) are statistically important in explaining survival probability. Practical implications - The study gives patients, their relatives and physicians ample and sound information they can use to predict survival chances, the best treatment and resource management. Originality/value - This study, which has not been done previously, explores survival probability, success probability for conservative and non-conservative treatment, and success probability for single vs multiple injuries from liver trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skender Buci
- Department of Trauma, University Hospital of Trauma, Tirana, Albania
| | - Agim Kukeli
- Department of Economics, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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Lv R, Li G, Wu J, Zhu Y, Qin X, Li S. Research on AIDS patients' survival time after highly active antiretroviral therapy, treatment effect and treatment modes. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 24:318-21. [PMID: 27275121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To fully define clinical efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy for AIDS, analyze patients' survival time and treatment mode after receiving treatment, and provide scientific theory to guide improvement of antiviral therapy, this paper selected 3100 cases of patients diagnosed with AIDS during April 2006 and April 2014 as object of this study. All patients were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. The main analysis contents of this study include CD4 + T lymphocyte count, viral load changes, incidence of opportunistic infections, specific cause of death and the like. The results show that patients' CD4 + T lymphocyte levels are significantly increased 3, 18, and 24 months after treatment, difference between the situation after and before receiving treatment, P < 0.05, with statistically significant difference. Analyzed from effective inhibition of virus, effective inhibition rate is 72.58.0% (2250/3100). Main causes of death in patients is usually respiratory failure. It thus can be concluded that highly active antiretroviral therapy for AIDS is with good clinical effect, which can effectively improve survival time of patients. So it enjoys application value of being widely used in clinical treatment of AIDS.
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Song Z, Xu JN, Li J. Role and significance of a novel TCM treatment mode for preventing and treating colorectal cancer based on the combination of disease differentiation, syndrome differentiation and symptom differentiation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4297-4303. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i27.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advances in research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in preventing colorectal cancer, the simple treatment principle based on syndrome differentiation cannot meet the requirements of clinical practice. More and more scholars pay attention to a new TCM treatment mode based on the combination of disease differentiation, syndrome differentiation and symptom differentiation. By summarizing the clinical studies on TCM in preventing and treating colorectal cancer over the past 10 years, in this paper we explore the role and significance of the new TCM treatment mode in preventing and treating colorectal cancer and in improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of cancer patients. We also discuss the scientific basis of the new TCM treatment mode.
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