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Morrone M, Boi A, Meloni M, Martinez G, Ventura L, Pusole M, Ghiani G, Crisafulli A, Bandiera P, Cugusi L, Deriu F, Manca A. Physiological adaptations of active postmenopausal women and matched men to the multi-day Sardinia Selvaggio Blu wild trek: a gender-comparative pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1063-1074. [PMID: 37819614 PMCID: PMC10954930 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of wild trekking by examining, in postmenopausal women, the physiological adaptations to an intensive 5-day wild trek and comparing their responses to those displayed by a group of men of comparable age, training status and mountaineering skills. METHODS Six healthy, active postmenopausal women in their sixth decade of life participated in the study. Six men of comparable age and training status were also enrolled for gender-based comparisons. The participants traversed the Selvaggio Blu wild trek (Sardinia, Italy) completing a total of 56 km, for an overall height differential of 14,301 m. During all 5-day trek, subjects were supervised by two alpine guides. Changes in body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic patterns of energy expenditure were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS Total energy expenditure during the trek was significantly higher (p = 0.03) in women (12.88 ± 3.37 kcal/h/kg) than men (9.27 ± 0.89 kcal/h/kg). Extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) increased significantly following the trek only in women (ECW: - 3.8%; p = 0.01; ICW: + 3.4%; p = 0.01). The same applied to fat-free mass (+ 5.6%; p = 0.006), fat mass (- 20.4%; p = 0.006), skeletal muscle mass (+ 9.5%; p = 0.007), and appendicular muscle mass (+ 7.3%; p = 0.002). Peak VO2/kg (+ 9.4%; p = 0.05) and fat oxidation (at 80 W: + 26.96%; p = 0.04; at 100 W: + 40.95%; p = 0.02; at 120 W: + 83.02%; p = 0.01) were found increased only in women, although no concurrent changes in partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was observed. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women, a 5-day, intensive and physically/technically demanding outdoor trekking activity led to significant and potentially relevant changes in body composition, energy balance and metabolism that are generally attained following quite longer periods of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Martina Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Ventura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pusole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ghiani
- Sports Physiology Lab, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Sports Physiology Lab, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Franca Deriu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Disorders, AOUSS, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Zúnica-García S, Moya-Cuenca C, Gracia-Sánchez A, García-Cremades S, Chicharro-Luna E. Influence of blistering lesions on foot functionality in hikers. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:395-400. [PMID: 37258334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friction blisters are formed by abrasion from frictional forces on the upper layer of the epidermis and can make physical activity an uncomfortable experience. To our knowledge, no previous studies have considered how these injuries affect the functionality of the foot. For this reason, the main aim of this study was to evaluate foot function in hikers, with or without blisters. MATERIAL AND METHODS This case-control study examined 298 hikers who walked the Camino de Santiago long-distance trail (in northern Spain); 207 had one or more blistering foot lesions and 91 had no blisters. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, and the number of blisters and their locations on the foot were recorded. All participants self-completed the Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire, in their native language. RESULTS Pain and disability were significantly greater among the hikers with blisters (pain p=<0.001; disability p = 0.015). However, there were no significant differences in the limitation of physical activity between those with blisters (case group) and the control group (p = 0.144). Neither was there any correlation between the number of blisters and pain, disability or limitation of activity. However, the location of the lesion did influence foot functionality. Blisters on the metatarsal heads were more limiting and caused greater pain (right foot p = 0.009; left foot p = 0.017), greater disability (right foot p = 0.005; left foot p = 0.005), greater limitation of activity (on right foot p = 0.012) and more loss of foot functionality (right foot p = 0.002; left foot p = 0.007). CONCLUSION The hikers with blisters experienced reduced foot functionality in terms of pain and disability. The number of blisters was not related to foot functionality. Blisters located on the metatarsal heads caused the greatest increase in pain, disability and limitation of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zúnica-García
- Department of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain.
| | - Coral Moya-Cuenca
- Department of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain.
| | - Alba Gracia-Sánchez
- Department of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain.
| | | | - Esther Chicharro-Luna
- Department of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Nursing Area, Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain.
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Ayo JO, Ake AS, Abimbola AA. Hematological and Biochemical Responses of Donkeys (Equus asinus) to Packing and Trekking During the Hot-Dry Season. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 122:104203. [PMID: 36586520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate effects of packing (load-carrying) and trekking on hematological and biochemical parameters in donkeys during the hot-dry season. Ten pack donkeys, aged 2-3 years, weighing 93 ± 2.7 kg were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups of five animals each. Group 1 donkeys were subjected to packing + trekking while group 2 trekked only. All the donkeys trekked 20 km thrice, 1-day apart. Blood was collected before and after packing or trekking for hematological evaluation; and serum analyzed for electrolyte concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Temperature-humidity index pre and postpacking was 70.00 ± 0.1 and 79.67 ± 0.3, respectively. The packed cell volume (30.93 ± 1.1%) was higher (P < .05) before packing than postpacking value (27.83 ± 0.7%) in group 1 donkeys. Hemoglobin concentration (9.01 ± 0.3 g/dL) decreased (P < .05) after trekking (7.81 ± 0.1 g/dL) in group 2 donkeys. Neutrophil count increased (P < .05) in group 1 donkeys after packing (from 8.63 ± 0.9 × 109/L to 10.59 ± 1.2 × 109/L). Lymphocyte count (8.58 ± 0.8 × 109/L) decreased (P < .05), compared to postpacking (5.23 ± 0.5 × 109/L) in group 1 donkeys. Postpacking neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in group 1 donkeys (2.33 ± 0.4) was higher (P < .05) than in group 2 donkeys (1.31 ± 0.3). Electrolyte concentrations and enzyme activities did not change significantly. In conclusion, packing + trekking was more stressful to the donkeys than trekking only, evidenced by postpacking increased neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and phosphate ion concentration, but decreased lymphocyte count. If this stress is not mitigated, the performance of pack donkeys during hot-dry season may not be optimum.
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Mieda R, Matsui Y, Tobe M, Kanamoto M, Suto T, Saito S. Education program for prevention of outdoor accidents in middle-high aged trekkers: Monitoring of change in blood pressure and heart rate during exercise. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101396. [PMID: 34094816 PMCID: PMC8164081 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Senior trekkers' accidents has increased markedly over the past 5 years. Educational program is effective to prevent extreme hemodynamics during exercise. Green exercise education promotes a healthy life-style in seniors.
This is an observational study to evaluate cardiovascular parameters during an educational trekking program. The number of alpine accidents involving elderly trekkers has been increasing in developed countries in recent years. Many middle-high aged trekkers have potential cardiovascular risks of which they are unaware. More than 77% of trekkers involved in alpine accidents in Japan were aged >40 years. The most common cardiovascular conditions were stroke or heart attack while trekking at altitude. An alpine club conducted an 8-month education program with participants aged >40 years in the setting of a mountain-side town. Blood pressure and heart rate during outdoor exercise were monitored, and any other adverse effects were recorded. As a result, the cardiovascular parameters evaluated during the first and final trek presented a physiological and similar behavior, however, lower heart rate values were registered at the highest point of the route in the final trek (p < 0.05). The trend of these parameters was similar in males and females, and there was little correlation between the cardiovascular parameters and age. In conclusion, the lower heart rate values may indicate the higher risk awareness of trekkers while self-pacing the physical activity outdoors, which may indicate the positive effect of the education program in increasing the safety of such unsupervised activities.
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Stewart GM, Wheatley-Guy CM, Morris NR, Coffman KE, Stepanek J, Carlson AR, Issa A, Schmidt MA, Johnson BD. Myocardial adaptability in young and older-aged sea-level habitants sojourning at Mt Kilimanjaro: are cardiac compensatory limits reached in older trekkers? Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:799-809. [PMID: 32076831 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-altitude ascent induces left (LV) and right (RV) ventricular adaptations secondary to hypoxia-related hemodynamic and myocardial alterations. Since cardiopulmonary decrements observed with aging (e.g., decreased LV compliance and increased pulmonary vascular resistance) may limit cardiac plasticity, this study examined myocardial adaptability throughout an 11 day sojourn to 5893 m in young and older-aged trekkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiography was performed on 14 young (8 men; 32 ± 5 years) and 13 older-aged (8 men; 59 ± 5 years) subjects on non-trekking days (Day 0: 880 m; Day 3: 3100 m; Day 8: 4800 m; Day 12/post-climb: 880 m). RV systolic pressure (mmHg) was systematically higher in older-aged subjects (p < 0.01) with similar progressive increases observed during ascent for young and older subjects, respectively (Day 0: 18 ± 1 vs 20 ± 2; Day 3: 25 ± 2 vs 29 ± 3; Day 8: 30 ± 2 vs 35 ± 2). Estimates of LV filling pressure (E/E') were systematically higher in older subjects (p < 0.01) with similar progressive decreases observed during ascent for young and older-aged subjects, respectively (Day 0: 5.6 ± 0.3 vs 6.7 ± 0.5; Day 3: 5.1 ± 0.2 vs 6.1 ± 0.3; Day 8: 4.7 ± 0.3 vs 5.4 ± 0.3). Overall, RV end-diastolic and end-systolic area increased at altitude (p < 0.01), while LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume decreased (p < 0.01). However, all RV and LV morphological measures were similar on Day 3 and Day 8 (p > 0.05), and returned to baseline post-climb (p > 0.05). Excluding mild LV dilatation in some older-aged trekkers on Day 8/Day 12 (p < 0.01), altitude-induced morphological and functional adaptations were similar for all trekkers (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Altitude-induced myocardial adaptations are chamber specific, secondary to RV and LV hemodynamic alterations. Despite progressive hemodynamic alterations during ascent, morphological and functional cardiac perturbations plateaued, suggesting rapid myocardial adaptation which was mostly comparable in young and older-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Scottsdale, MN, 55905, USA.
| | | | - Norman R Morris
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Allied Health Research Collaborative, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,Hopkins Centre and Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kirsten E Coffman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Scottsdale, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jan Stepanek
- Aerospace Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Alex R Carlson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Scottsdale, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amine Issa
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Scottsdale, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Countermeasures Group, Boulder, USA.,Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, USA
| | - Bruce D Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Scottsdale, MN, 55905, USA
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Bosco G, Paoli A, Rizzato A, Marcolin G, Guagnano MT, Doria C, Bhandari S, Pietrangelo T, Verratti V. Body Composition and Endocrine Adaptations to High-Altitude Trekking in the Himalayas. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1211:61-68. [PMID: 31309516 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to high altitude causes adaptive changes in several blood biochemical markers along with a marked body mass reduction involving both the lean and fat components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of extended physical strain, due to extensive trekking at high altitude, on body composition, selected biomarkers in the blood, and the protective role of a high-protein diet in muscle dysfunction. We found that physical strain at high altitude caused a significant reduction in body mass and body fat, with a concomitant increase in the cross-sectional area of thigh muscles and an unchanged total lean body mass. Further, we found reductions in plasma leptin and homocysteine, while myoglobin, insulin, and C-reactive protein significantly increased. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and leptin normalized per body fat were unchanged. These findings demonstrate that high-altitude hypoxia, involving extended physical effort, has an impact on muscle function and body composition, facilitating sarcopenia and affecting body mass and fat distribution. It also activates pro-inflammatory metabolic pathways in response to muscular distress. These changes can be mitigated by a provision of a high-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alex Rizzato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Guagnano
- Department of Medicine and Aging, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Suwas Bhandari
- Department of Critical Care and Internal Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Kühn C, Apel C, Bertsch D, Grass M, Gschwandtl C, Hundt N, Müller-Ost M, Risse J, Schmitz S, Sherpa K, Timmermann L, van der Giet M, van der Giet S, Wernitz K, Morrison A, Küpper T. Inpatient treatment of trekkers and Nepalese workers in the high-altitude environment of Mt. Everest Region 1996-2011: A retrospective analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 31:101356. [PMID: 30502547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study investigates the diagnoses of inpatients (tourists and Nepali workers) of Kunde Hospital (Mt.Everest region) over 15 years. METHODS Records from January 1996 to September 2011 were analyzed concerning date, gender, age group, nationality, purpose of visit, diagnosis, length of treatment, and condition at discharge. Diagnoses were coded according to ICD-10-WHO 2010. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. P < 0.05 was defined as significant. RESULTS 479 inpatients were included: 363 (75.8%) males (202 trekkers (42.2%), 277 Nepalese workers (57.8%)). Most suffered from altitude sickness (45.5%), acute gastroenteritis (10.4%) or acute respiratory infection (8.4%). Severe cases of altitude sickness amongst trekkers decreased but increased amongst workers. Severe cases of acute gastroenteritis amongst trekkers increased. Mean length of inpatient treatment was 4.6 days ±2.7 days. 573/2030 days of treatment were caused by altitude sickness. 70 patients were evacuated, 9 died. CONCLUSION Altitude illness caused the majority of inpatient treatment and acute gastroenteritis may be an underestimated risk for both groups. Other severe problems were mostly illnesses, not trauma. Improved prevention strategies are needed for both groups. For tourists who often show pre-existing diseases this includes an individual pre-travel expert advice. Nepali workers should be instructed concerning acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kühn
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bertsch
- Department of Cardiology, Catholic Hospital Marienhof, Koblenz-Montabaur, Germany
| | - Maren Grass
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Gschwandtl
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Hundt
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Müller-Ost
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Risse
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Schmitz
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kami Sherpa
- Kunde Hospital, Solo Khumbu / Sagarmata National Park, Nepal
| | - Lisa Timmermann
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michsel van der Giet
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone van der Giet
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Knut Wernitz
- Department of Dental Preservation, Parodontology& Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen Technical University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Audry Morrison
- Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme Medical Commission (UIAA MedCom), Bern, Switzerland; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Royal Free London, UK
| | - Thomas Küpper
- Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Dental Preservation, Parodontology& Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen Technical University, Aachen, Germany.
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Tannheimer M, van der Spek R, Brenner F, Lechner R, Steinacker JM, Treff G. Oxygen saturation increases over the course of the night in mountaineers at high altitude (3050-6354 m). J Travel Med 2017; 24:3954788. [PMID: 28931132 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tax041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) is frequently measured to determine acclimatization status in high-altitude travellers. However, little is known about nocturnal time course of SpO 2 (SpO 2N ), but alterations in SpO 2N might be practically relevant as well. To this end, we describe the time-course of SpO 2N in mountaineers at high altitude. METHODS SpO 2N was continuously measured in ten male mountaineers during a three-week expedition in Peru (3,050-6,354m). Average SpO 2N of the first (SpO 2N1 ) and second half (SpO 2N2 ) of an individual's sleep duration was calculated from 2h intervals of uninterrupted sleep. Heart rate oscillations and sleep dairies were used to exclude periods of wakefulness. SpO 2 was also measured at rest in the morning. RESULTS SpO 2N significantly increased from SpO 2N1 to SpO 2N2 . The magnitude of this increase (ΔSpO 2 ) was reduced with time spent at altitude. On night 1 (3,050m) SpO 2 increased from 83.4% (N1) to 86.3% (N2). At the same location on night 21, SpO 2 increased from 88.3% to 90.1%, which is a relative change of 4.7% and 2.0%, respectively. This pattern of increase in SpO 2N was perturbed when individual acclimatization was poor or altitude was extreme (5630m). SpO 2N was significantly lower than SpO 2 at rest in the morning. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate an increase of SpO 2 during the night in mountaineers at high altitude (3,050-6,354m) with high consistency between and within subjects. The magnitude of ΔSpO 2N decreased as acclimatization improved, suggesting that these changes in ΔSpO 2 between nights might be a valuable indicator of individual acclimatization. In addition, the failure of any increase in SpO 2N during the night might indicate insufficient acclimatization. Even though underlying mechanisms for the nocturnal increase remain unclear, the timing of SpO 2N measurement is obviously of utmost importance for its interpretation. Finally our study illustrates the detailed effects of ventilatory acclimatization over several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rianne van der Spek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | | | - Raimund Lechner
- Department of Anesthesiology, German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm
| | | | - Gunnar Treff
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Universitat Ulm
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Shin D, Youn K, Lee E, Lee M, Chung H, Kim D. Risk factors for lesions of the knee menisci among workers in South Korea's national parks. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28:56. [PMID: 27766160 PMCID: PMC5057211 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-016-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of the menisci lesions in national park workers and work factors affecting this prevalence. Methods The study subjects were 698 workers who worked in 20 Korean national parks in 2014. An orthopedist visited each national park and performed physical examinations. Knee MRI was performed if the McMurray test or Apley test was positive and there was a complaint of pain in knee area. An orthopedist and a radiologist respectively read these images of the menisci using a grading system based on the MRI signals. To calculate the cumulative intensity of trekking of the workers, the mean trail distance, the difficulty of the trail, the tenure at each national parks, and the number of treks per month for each worker from the start of work until the present were investigated. Chi-square tests was performed to see if there were differences in the menisci lesions grade according to the variables. The variables used in the Chi-square test were evaluated using simple logistic regression analysis to get crude odds ratios, and adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis after establishing three different models according to the adjusted variables. Results According to the MRI signal grades of menisci, 29 % were grade 0, 11.3 % were grade 1, 46.0 % were grade 2, and 13.7 % were grade 3. The differences in the MRI signal grades of menisci according to age and the intensity of trekking as calculated by the three different methods were statistically significant. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for three models. In model 1, there was no statistically significant factor affecting the menisci lesions. In model 2, among the factors affecting the menisci lesions, the OR of a high cumulative intensity of trekking was 4.08 (95 % CI 1.00–16.61), and in model 3, the OR of a high cumulative intensity of trekking was 5.84 (95 % CI 1.09–31.26). Conclusion The factor that most affected the menisci lesions among the workers in Korean national park was a high cumulative intensity of trekking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Shin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Kanwoo Youn
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Eunja Lee
- Department of Radiology, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Myeongjun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Hweemin Chung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
| | - Deokweon Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Wonjin Green Hospital, 568-1 Sagajeong-ro 49-gil 53, Jungrang-gu, Seoul South Korea
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Ryew CC, Hyun SH. Effect of the kinetic variables and postural stability between bilateral in lower limbs by the Oreum trekking exercise: asymmetric index. J Exerc Rehabil 2016; 12:368-72. [PMID: 27656636 PMCID: PMC5031387 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1632648.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze an effect of the kinetic variables and postural stability between bilateral in lower limbs by participation of Oreum trekking exercise program and subjects participated were composed of adult male and female subjects (n=14) of 20s. Experiment was performed with the drop landing which can evaluate postural stability and kinetic variables between bilateral in lower limbs. peak vertical force (PVF) value showed significant difference with the less in case of post than before participation of Oreum trekking exercise. Also PVF of bilateral in lower limbs did not showed significant difference, and too the effect of interaction. vertical stability index (VSI) and dynamic postural stability index (DPSI) showed significant difference with improvement of postural stability by Oreum trekking, but did not between bilateral in the limbs. Particularly the result of one-way analysis of variance due to VSI’s effect of interaction, showed the more influence on the improvement of postural stability in left leg after participation of Oreum trekking exercise. When consideration the above, the analysis result on asymmetric index of bilateral in lower limbs showed more symmetric pattern in post than before participation of Oreum trekking exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Cheong Ryew
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Abstract
Trekking includes downhill walking and enhances lower limb strength. Muscle fitness is a predictor of mortality and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of trekking on cardiovascular health and fitness in older obese women. The participants were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG, n= 32) and a control group (CG, n= 48). The EG participated in the trekking program for 12 weeks, 3 times per week, and 90 min per session, at a moderate intensity. Cardiovascular health (BMI, percentage of body fat, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) and fitness (muscle strength, muscle endurance, balance, and flexibility) were measured before and after the 12-week program. A twoway repeated ANOVA was used to compare and analyze the group differences. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, and muscle strength were significantly different between the groups. These results indicate that trekking played a significant role in the reduction of weight and systolic blood pressure in obese women. The results of this study can be utilized to reduce cardiovascular risk factors associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Jung Kang
- Department of Sport & Health Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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