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Eser HC, Ayyildiz Emecen D, Topyildiz E, Isik E, Edeer Karaca N, Atik T, Aksu G, Ozkınay F, Kutukculer N. Dual Diagnosis of Trichohepatoenteric Syndrome and Lipoid Proteinosis in a Turkish Child. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:504-508. [PMID: 38058753 PMCID: PMC10697757 DOI: 10.1159/000531408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is caused by pathogenic mutations in TTC37 and SKIV2L genes and characterized by intractable diarrhea, facial dysmorphism, hair abnormality, immunodeficiency, and skin abnormalities. Lipoid proteinosis is caused by pathogenic mutations in ECM1 gene and characterized by deposition of hyaline-like material in various tissues resulting in heterogenous clinical findings. Case Presentation Four years after the diagnosis and management of THES, due to new clinical findings, another reason for underlying features of the patient was considered. WES was performed and a homozygous c.507delT (p.Arg171GlyfsTer7) mutation in the ECM1 gene was detected. Conclusion This case provides an example of co-existence of multiple genetic defects in a single patient born to consanguineous parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ceren Eser
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ezgi Topyildiz
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Isik
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Edeer Karaca
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guzide Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkınay
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Necil Kutukculer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Karaca Edeer N, Aykut A, Pariltay E, Aksu G, Cogulu O, Kutukculer N. A Novel TTC37 Mutation Causing Clinical Symptoms of Trichohepatoenteric Syndrome Such as Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Immunodeficiency Without Severe Diarrhea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 29:396-398. [PMID: 31132033 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Karaca Edeer
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A Aykut
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - E Pariltay
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - G Aksu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - O Cogulu
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.,Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - N Kutukculer
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey
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Kinnear C, Glanzmann B, Banda E, Schlechter N, Durrheim G, Neethling A, Nel E, Schoeman M, Johnson G, van Helden PD, Hoal EG, Esser M, Urban M, Möller M. Exome sequencing identifies a novel TTC37 mutation in the first reported case of Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THE-S) in South Africa. BMC Med Genet 2017; 18:26. [PMID: 28292286 PMCID: PMC5351214 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THE-S) or phenotypic diarrhoea of infancy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by severe infantile diarrhoea, facial dysmorphism, immunodeficiency and woolly hair. It was first described in 1982 in two infants with intractable diarrhoea, liver cirrhosis and abnormal hair structure on microscopy. We report on two siblings from a consanguineous family of Somali descent who, despite extensive clinical investigation, remained undiagnosed until their demise. The index patient died of fulminant cytomegalovirus pneumonitis at 3 months of age. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a premortem DNA sample from the index case. Variants in a homozygous recessive state or compound heterozygous state were prioritized as potential candidate variants using TAPER™. Sanger sequencing was done to genotype the parents, unaffected sibling and a deceased sibling for the variant of interest. Results Exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous mutation (c.4507C > T, rs200067423) in TTC37 which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the index case. The identification of this mutation led to the diagnosis of THE-S in the proband and the same homozygous variant was confirmed in a male sibling who died 4 years earlier with severe chronic diarrhoea of infancy. The unaffected parents and sister were heterozygous for the identified variant. Conclusions WES permitted definitive genetic diagnosis despite an atypical presentation in the index case and suggests that severe infection, likely secondary to immunodeficiency, may be a presenting feature. In addition definitive molecular diagnosis allows for genetic counseling and future prenatal diagnosis, and demonstrates the value of WES for post-mortem diagnosis of disorders with a non-specific clinical presentation in which a Mendelian cause is suspected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0388-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Kinnear
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Brigitte Glanzmann
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Eric Banda
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Nikola Schlechter
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Glenda Durrheim
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Annika Neethling
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Etienne Nel
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mardelle Schoeman
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Glynis Johnson
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Paul D van Helden
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Monika Esser
- National Health Laboratory Service, Immunology Unit, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Urban
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- SA MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 241, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Lee WS, Teo KM, Ng RT, Chong SY, Kee BP, Chua KH. Novel mutations in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes in Malaysian children with trichohepatoenteric syndrome. Gene 2016; 586:1-6. [PMID: 27050310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that is classically associated with intractable diarrhea with an onset within the first few months of life. Herein, we investigated and reported novel mutations in two causal genes in 3 Malaysian cases. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood obtained from patients in two Malaysian Chinese families. The exons of SKIV2L and TTC37 genes were amplified and sequenced by bi-directional sequencing to identify the point mutations within the coding sequence. Three Chinese boys from two families with characteristic features and clinical course were diagnosed with THES. In family-1, two point mutations were identified in the SKIV2L gene (c.1891G>A and c.3187C>T). In family-2, a single-nucleotide duplication (c.3426dupA) was found in the TTC37 gene. These mutations cause the production of abnormal non-functional gene product leading to the clinical manifestations in the patients. We reported three point mutations, which have not been previously described in other patients with THES in SKIV2L and TTC37 genes, including one nonsense, one frameshift, and one missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Malaya Paediatric and Child Health Research Group, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ming Teo
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Yee Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, University Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Pin Kee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Michaux G, Massey-Harroche D, Nicolle O, Rabant M, Brousse N, Goulet O, Le Bivic A, Ruemmele FM. The localisation of the apical Par/Cdc42 polarity module is specifically affected in microvillus inclusion disease. Biol Cell 2015; 108:19-28. [PMID: 26526116 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a genetic disorder affecting intestinal absorption. It is caused by mutations in MYO5B or syntaxin 3 (STX3) affecting apical membrane trafficking. Morphologically, MVID is characterised by a depletion of apical microvilli and the formation of microvillus inclusions inside the cells, suggesting a loss of polarity. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the location of essential apical polarity determinants in five MVID patients. RESULTS We found that the polarity determinants Cdc42, Par6B, PKCζ/ι and the structural proteins ezrin and phospho-ezrin were lost from the apical membrane and accumulated either in the cytoplasm or on the basal side of enterocytes in patients, which suggests an inversion of cell polarity. Moreover, microvilli-like structures were observed at the basal side as per electron microscopy analysis. We next performed Myo5B depletion in three dimensional grown human Caco2 cells forming cysts and found a direct link between the loss of Myo5B and the mislocalisation of the same apical proteins; furthermore, we observed that a majority of cysts displayed an inverted polarity phenotype as seen in some patients. Finally, we found that this loss of polarity was specific for MVID: tissue samples of patients with Myo5B-independent absorption disorders showed normal polarity but we identified Cdc42 as a potentially essential biomarker for trichohepatoenteric syndrome. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the loss of Myo5B induces a strong loss of enterocyte polarity, potentially leading to polarity inversion. SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that polarity determinants could be useful markers to help establishing a diagnosis in patients. Furthermore, they could be used to characterise other rare intestinal absorption diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Michaux
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, F-35043, Rennes, France.,UEB, SFR Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, University of Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Massey-Harroche
- CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, F-35043, Rennes, France.,UEB, SFR Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, University of Rennes 1, F-35043, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Rabant
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Brousse
- Pathology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Goulet
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - André Le Bivic
- CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Aix-Marseille Université, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Frank M Ruemmele
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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Chong JH, Jamuar SS, Ong C, Thoon KC, Tan ES, Lai A, Aan MKJ, Tan WLW, Foo R, Tan EC, Lau YL, Liew WK. Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE-S): two cases and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:1405-11. [PMID: 25976726 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE-S) is characterized by severe infantile diarrhea, failure to thrive, dysmorphism, woolly hair, and immune or hepatic dysfunction. We report two cases of East Asian descent with THE-S who had remained undiagnosed despite extensive investigations but were diagnosed on whole exome sequencing (WES). Both cases presented with chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, and recurrent infections. Case 1 had posteriorly rotated low set ears, mild retrognathia, and fine curly hypopigmented hair. She was managed with prolonged total parenteral nutrition and intravenous immunoglobulin infusions. Case 2 had sparse coarse brown hair as well as multiple lentigines and café-au-lait macules. She was managed with amino acid-based formula. For both cases, routine investigations were inconclusive. WES in both cases showed biallelic truncating mutations in TTC37 (c.3507T>G;p.Y1169X and c.3601C>T;p.R1201X in case 1 and c.3507T>G;p.Y1169X and c.154G>T;p.E52X in case 2), suggesting a diagnosis of THE-S. CONCLUSION We present novel mutations in the TTC37 gene in two individuals of East Asian descent with the rare THE-S, detected by WES. Future identification of patients with THE-S and establishing genotype-phenotype correlations will aid in counseling the patients and their families. WHAT IS KNOWN • Tricho-Hepato-Enteric syndrome (THE-S) is characterized by severe infantile diarrhea, failure to thrive, dysmorphism, woolly hair, and immune or hepatic dysfunction. • Complex patients with diagnostic dilemmas undergo extensive investigations. What is New: • This is a report of novel mutations in TTC37 in individuals of East Asian descent. • Whole exome sequencing (WES) can be useful in certain complex cases with diagnostic dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Saumya Shekhar Jamuar
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Christina Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Koh Cheng Thoon
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Ee Shien Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Angeline Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Mark Koh Jean Aan
- Department of Dermatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Roger Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ene Choo Tan
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu-Lung Lau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Woei Kang Liew
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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