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Smyslov RY, Emel’yanov AI, Ezdakova KV, Korzhova SA, Gorshkova YE, Khripunov AK, Migunova AV, Tsvigun NV, Prozorova GF, Veselova VO, Kopitsa GP, Lu L, Mao Y, Pozdnyakov AS. Composite Hydrogels Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole/Phosphoric Acid: Supramolecular Structure as Studied by Small Angle Scattering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:520. [PMID: 37999161 PMCID: PMC10669583 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New composite hydrogels (CH) based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (PVT) doped with orthophosphoric acid (oPA), presenting interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPN), have been synthesized. The mesoscopic study of the supramolecular structure (SMS) of both native cellulose, produced by the strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, and the CH based on BC and containing PVT/oPA complex were carried out in a wide range of momentum transfer using ultra- and classical small-angle neutron scattering techniques. The two SMS hierarchical levels were revealed from 1.6 nm to 2.5 μm for the objects under investigation. In addition, it was shown that the native BC had a correlation peak on the small-angle scattering curves at 0.00124 Å-1, with the correlation length ξ being equal to ca. 510 nm. This motive was also retained in the IPN. The data obtained allowed the estimation of the fractal dimensions and ranges of self-similarity and gave new information about the BC mesostructure and its CH. Furthermore, we revealed them to be in coincidence with Brown's BC model, which was earlier supported by Fink's results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Y. Smyslov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, NRC KI, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.Y.S.); (A.K.K.)
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Artem I. Emel’yanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Ksenia V. Ezdakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Korzhova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Yulia E. Gorshkova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert K. Khripunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, NRC KI, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.Y.S.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Alexandra V. Migunova
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 199178 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Tsvigun
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 111933 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Prozorova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Varvara O. Veselova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gennady P. Kopitsa
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
- I.V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS, NRC KI, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.M.)
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander S. Pozdnyakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
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Muzny C, de Campo L, Sokolova A, Garvey CJ, Rehm C, Hanley H. Shear influence on colloidal cluster growth: a SANS and USANS study. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1371-1380. [PMID: 37791358 PMCID: PMC10543677 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723006726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the time evolution of silica/water clusters where the formation of a gel network from unitary silica particles is interrupted by a simple Couette shear field. The aim is to enable the general understanding of this simple system by examining the microscopic basis for the changes in viscosity by providing structural inputs from small-angle scattering for a simple theoretical model. The experimental system is an 8.3 nm particle silica solution (Ludox) where the gelation has been initiated by lowering the pH in a Couette cell providing a constant shear rate of 250 s-1. A unified small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) procedure is described to measure the scattered intensity in a wavevector range of 3 × 10-4 ≤ q (nm-1) ≤ 3.1 × 10-1, probing structural changes over a broad range of length scales from the nanometre to the micrometre. Scattering data provide a new means of better understanding the behaviour of colloidal clusters when subjected to an external applied shear over a continuous time sequence after gel initiation; a fit of the time-dependent scattered intensity leads to an estimation of the cluster's effective volume fraction and size as a function of time. A reductionist theoretical basis is described to predict the time-dependent viscosity behaviour of the sheared colloidal suspension gel-initiated cluster growth from the volume fraction of the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Muzny
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Forschungs-Neutronenquelle, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Christine Rehm
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Howard Hanley
- Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Bayrak M, Mata J, Conn C, Floury J, Logan A. Application of small angle scattering (SAS) in structural characterisation of casein and casein-based products during digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112810. [PMID: 37254386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, small and ultra-small angle scattering techniques, collectively known as small angle scattering (SAS) have been used to study various food structures during the digestion process. These techniques play an important role in structural characterisation due to the non-destructive nature (especially when using neutrons), various in situ capabilities and a large length scale (of 1 nm to ∼20 μm) they cover. The application of these techniques in the structural characterisation of dairy products has expanded significantly in recent years. Casein, a major dairy protein, forms the basis of a wide range of gel structures at different length scales. These gel structures have been extensively researched utilising scattering techniques to obtain structural information at the nano and micron scale that complements electron and confocal microscopy. Especially, neutrons have provided opportunity to study these gels in their natural environment by using various in situ options. One such example is understanding changes in casein gel structures during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, which is essential for designing personalised food structures for a wide range of food-related diseases and improve health outcomes. In this review, we present an overview of casein gels investigated using small angle and ultra-small angle scattering techniques. We also reviewed their digestion using newly built setups recently employed in various research. To gain a greater understanding of micro and nano-scale structural changes during digestion, such as the effect of digestive juices and mechanical breakdown on structure, new setups for semi-solid food materials are needed to be optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Bayrak
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia; School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | - Charlotte Conn
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | | | - Amy Logan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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Putz AM, Ivankov OI, Kuklin AI, Ryukhtin V, Ianăşi C, Ciopec M, Negrea A, Trif L, Horváth ZE, Almásy L. Ordered Mesoporous Silica Prepared in Different Solvent Conditions: Application for Cu(II) and Pb(II) Adsorption. Gels 2022; 8:443. [PMID: 35877528 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica of MCM-41 type was investigated aimed at improving its morphology by varying the synthesis conditions in a one-pot process, employing different temperatures and solvent conditions. 2-methoxyethanol was used as co-solvent to ethanol. The co-solvent ratio and the synthesis temperature were varied. The pore morphology of the materials was characterized by nitrogen porosimetry and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and the particle morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS). The thermal behavior was investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) measurements. The SANS and N2 sorption results demonstrated that a well-ordered mesoporous structure was obtained at all conditions in the synthesis at room temperature. Addition of methoxyethanol led to an increase of the pore wall thickness. Simultaneously, an increase of methoxyethanol content led to lowering of the mean particle size from 300 to 230 nm, according to the ultra-small angle scattering data. The ordered porosity and high specific surfaces make these materials suitable for applications such as adsorbents in environmental remediation. Batch adsorption measurements of metal ion removal from aqueous solutions of Cu(II) and Pb(II) showed that the materials exhibit dominantly monolayer surface adsorption characteristics. The adsorption capacities were 9.7 mg/g for Cu(II) and 18.8 mg/g for Pb(II) at pH 5, making these materials competitive in performance to various composite materials.
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Trewhella J. Recent advances in small-angle scattering and its expanding impact in structural biology. Structure 2022; 30:15-23. [PMID: 34995477 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Applications of small-angle scattering (SAS) in structural biology have benefited from continuing developments in instrumentation, tools for data analysis, modeling capabilities, standards for data and model presentation, and data archiving. The interplay of these capabilities has enabled SAS to contribute to advances in structural biology as the field pushes the boundaries in studies of biomolecular complexes and assemblies as large as whole cells, membrane proteins in lipid environments, and dynamic systems on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hours. This review covers some of the important advances in biomolecular SAS capabilities for structural biology focused on over the last 5 years and presents highlights of recent applications that demonstrate how the technique is exploring new territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Trewhella
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Gokhman A, Nový Z, Salvetr P, Ryukhtin V, Strunz P, Motyčka P, Zmeko J, Kotous J. Effects of Silicon, Chromium, and Copper on Kinetic Parameters of Precipitation during Tempering of Medium Carbon Steels. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14061445. [PMID: 33809623 PMCID: PMC8002159 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the tempering behavior of medium carbon steels is mandatory if their mechanical properties are to be improved. For an optimal technology to be developed for this purpose, a substantial experimental basis is needed to extract quantitative information on the microstructure of the tempered material. This paper reports on the characterization of microstructural changes induced by tempering in medium-carbon steels alloyed with Si, Cr, Cu, and Mn using state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Complementarities among these techniques are highlighted. The evolution of transition carbides, cementite, and copper precipitates is described using data from X-ray diffraction, small and ultra-small angle neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dilatometry observation. The effects of silicon, chromium, and copper on the mechanism of carbide and copper precipitation are discussed. The considerable changes found in the size and volume of copper precipitates correlate well with the difference in the yield stress between tempered steels with and without copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Gokhman
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Zbyšek Nový
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Pavel Salvetr
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-605-843-656
| | - Vasyl Ryukhtin
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (V.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Strunz
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic; (V.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Motyčka
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Zmeko
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Kotous
- COMTES FHT a.s., Prumyslova 995, 334 41 Dobrany, Czech Republic; (A.G.); (Z.N.); (P.M.); (J.Z.); (J.K.)
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Yin X, Hewitt DRO, Preston AN, Heroux LA, Agamalian MM, Quah SP, Zheng B, Smith AJ, Laughlin ST, Grubbs RB, Bhatia SR. Hierarchical assembly in PLA-PEO-PLA hydrogels with crystalline domains and effect of block stereochemistry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:102-109. [PMID: 31030021 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the development of microstructure (e.g., structures with length scales roughly 0.5-500 μm) in hydrogels is crucial for their use in several biomedical applications. We utilize ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) and confocal microscopy to explore microstructure of poly(lactide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactide) (PLA-PEO-PLA) triblock copolymer hydrogels with varying l/d-lactide ratio. We have previously found that these polymers self-assemble on the nanoscale into micelles. Here, we observe large-scale structures with diverse morphologies, including highly porous self-similar networks with characteristic sizes spanning approximately 120 nm-200 μm. These structural features give rise to power-law scattering indicative of fractal structures in USANS. Mass fractal and surface fractal structures are found for gels with l/d ratios of 80/20 and 50/50, respectively. Confocal microscopy shows microscale water-filled channels and pores that are more clearly evident in gels with a higher fraction of l-lactide in the PLA block as compared to the 50/50 hydrogels. Tuning block stereochemistry may provide a means of controlling the self-assembly and structural evolution at both the nanoscale and microscale, impacting application of these materials in tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David R O Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Alyssa N Preston
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Luke A Heroux
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael M Agamalian
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Suan P Quah
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Bingqian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Robert B Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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de Campo L, Garvey CJ, Muzny CD, Rehm C, Hanley HJM. Micron-scale restructuring of gelling silica subjected to shear. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 533:136-43. [PMID: 30165295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE We examine the time dependent viscometric behavior of a well-defined system of gelling colloidal silica and how this behavior may be understood from a simple theoretical model which incorporates the microstructure of the gel. The ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) technique is used to interrogate structure during the gelation process. EXPERIMENTS The investigations focused on a system where both particles and interactions are well-defined: 7 nm silica particle acid-treated aqueous solution subjected to a constant applied shear in Couette geometry. Ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS) time-dependent scattering intensities were measured at wave vectors, q, in the range, 1.0 × 10-3 ≤ q/nm ≤ 7.3 × 10-2 coupled with viscosity data recorded simultaneously. The interpretation of the USANS scattering data is reliant on an isotropic sample. This assumption has been investigated, over a limited range of scattering vectors, using more suitable small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrumentation with a restricted q-range. FINDINGS The first recorded direct kinetic measurements of the micron-scale structure in a gelling system. A critical micro-structural feature of the intensity-viscosity time behavior of a gelling colloid subjected to a shear is the cluster size. A viscosity/intensity coupling observed at the time of a viscosity maximum that corresponds to a time-dependent critical stress and speculated to be independent of the wave vector over a wide q-range.
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Shen BH, Armstrong BL, Doucet M, Heroux L, Browning JF, Agamalian M, Tenhaeff WE, Veith GM. Shear Thickening Electrolyte Built from Sterically Stabilized Colloidal Particles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:9424-9434. [PMID: 29499109 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to prepare shear thickening electrolytes consisting of silica nanoparticles in conventional liquid electrolytes with limited flocculation. These electrolytes rapidly and reversibly stiffen to solidlike behaviors in the presence of external shear or high impact, which is promising for improved lithium ion battery safety, especially in electric vehicles. However, in initial chemistries the silica nanoparticles aggregate and/or sediment in solution over time. Here, we demonstrate steric stabilization of silica colloids in conventional liquid electrolyte via surface-tethered PMMA brushes, synthesized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The PMMA increases the magnitude of the shear thickening response, compared to the uncoated particles, from 0.311 to 2.25 Pa s. Ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering revealed a reduction in aggregation of PMMA-coated silica nanoparticles compared to bare silica nanoparticles in solution under shear and at rest, suggesting good stabilization. Conductivity tests of shear thickening electrolytes (30 wt % solids in electrolyte) at rest were performed with interdigitated electrodes positioned near the meniscus of electrolytes over the course of 24 h to track supernatant formation. Conductivity of electrolytes with bare silica increased from 10.1 to 11.6 mS cm-1 over 24 h due to flocculation. In contrast, conductivity of electrolytes with PMMA-coated silica remained stable at 6.1 mS cm-1 over the same time period, suggesting good colloid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wyatt E Tenhaeff
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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Wagh AG, Rakhecha VC, Strobl M, Treimer W. S USANS With Polarized Neutrons. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2005; 110:231-235. [PMID: 27308127 PMCID: PMC4849613 DOI: 10.6028/jres.110.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Super Ultra-Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SUSANS) studies over wave vector transfers of 10(-4) nm(-1) to 10(-3) nm(-1) afford information on micrometer-size agglomerates in samples. Using a right-angled magnetic air prism, we have achieved a separation of ≈10 arcsec between ≈2 arcsec wide up- and down-spin peaks of 0.54 nm neutrons. The SUSANS instrument has thus been equipped with the polarized neutron option. The samples are placed in a uniform vertical field of 8.8 × 10(4) A/m (1.1 kOe). Several magnetic alloy ribbon samples broaden the up-spin neutron peak significantly over the ±1.3 × 10(-3) nm(-1) range, while leaving the down-spin peak essentially unaltered. Fourier transforms of these SUSANS spectra corrected for the instrument resolution, yield micrometer-range pair distribution functions for up- and down-spin neutrons as well as the nuclear and magnetic scattering length density distributions in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva G Wagh
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Veer Chand Rakhecha
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Makus Strobl
- Berlin Neutron Scattering Center, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Strasse 100, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Treimer
- Berlin Neutron Scattering Center, Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Glienicker Strasse 100, 14109 Berlin, Germany
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