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Yang P, Song Y, Sun J, Wei J, Li S, Guo X, Liu C, Shen C. Carboxymethyl cellulose and metal-organic frameworks immobilized into polyacrylamide hydrogel for ultrahigh efficient and selective adsorption U(VI) from seawater. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130996. [PMID: 38531521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-polymer hybrid hydrogel solves the processable forming of MOF powder and energy consumption of uranium extraction. However, the hybrid hydrogel by conventional synthesis methods inevitably lead to MOF agglomeration, poor filler-polymer interfacial compatibility and slowly adsorption. Herein, we designed that ZIF-67 was implanted into the carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylamide (CMC/PAM) by network-repairing strategy. The carboxyl and amino groups on the surface of CMC/PAM drive the uniform growth of ZIF-67 inside the CMC/PAM, which form an array of oriented and penetrating microchannels through coordination bonds. Our strategy eliminate the ZIF-67 agglomeration, increase the interfacial compatibility between MOF and polymer. The method also improve the free and fast diffusion of uranium in CMC/PAM/ZIF-67 hydrogel. According to the experimental, these enhancements synergistically enabled the CMC/PAM/ZIF-67 have a maximum adsorption capacity of 952 mg g-1. The adsorption process of CMC/PAM/ZIF-67 fits well with pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. Meanwhile, the CMC/PAM/ZIF-67 maintain a high removal rate (87.3 %) and chemical stability even during ten adsorption-desorption cycles. It is worth noting that the adsorption amount of CMC/PAM/ZIF-67 in real seawater is 9.95 mg g-1 after 20 days, which is an ideal candidate adsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Henan Tuoren Medical Device Co., Ltd., Weiyuan Industrial Park, Changyuan 453400, China
| | - Yucheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Songwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xuejie Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Alali KT, Tan S, Zhu J, Liu J, Yu J, Liu Q, Wang J. High mechanical property and hydrophilic electrospun poly amidoxime/poly acrylonitrile composite nanofibrous mats for extraction uranium from seawater. Chemosphere 2024; 351:141191. [PMID: 38218238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Seawater reserves about 4.5 billion tons of uranium, if properly extracted, could be a sustainable green energy resource for hundreds of years, alternating its limited terrestrial ore and reducing the CO2 emitted from fossil fuels. The current seawater uranium adsorbents suffer neither economically viable nor adsorption efficiency, requiring more development to harvest satisfactorily uranium from seawater. Amidoxime-based fibrous adsorbents are the most promising adsorbents of seawater uranium due to abundant chelating sites. However, they suffer from severe shrinkage and stiffness once they dry, losing porous architecture and mechanical properties. Herein, an economical and scalable two-nozzle electrospinning technology was applied to produce poly amidoxime nanofibers (PAO NFs) supported by Poly acrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN NFs) as composite PAO/PAN nanofibrous mats with high structure stability. These PAO/PAN mats, with rapid wettability and excellent mechanical strength, show promising uranium adsorption capacities of 369.8 mg/g at seawater pH level, much higher than PAO and PAN NFs. The uranium adsorption capacity of the PAO/PAN mat reached 5.16 mg/g after 7 days of circulating (10 ppm uranium) spiked natural seawater. Importantly, the composite mat maintained its fibrous structure after five adsorption-desorption cycles with more than 80 % of its adsorption capacity, confirming its recyclability and stability. Therefore, the composite PAO/PAN mat fulfills the basic requirements for effectively and economically trapping uranium from seawater, which could be a matrix for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Tawfik Alali
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Sichao Tan
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Li R, Wang H, Yan J, Fu R, Wang B, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. A cascade electro-dehydration process for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater. Water Res 2023; 240:120079. [PMID: 37224666 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Uranium extraction from seawater has become a crucial issue that has raised tremendous attention. The transport of water molecules along with salt ions through an ion-exchange membrane is a common phenomenon for typical electro-membrane processes such as selective electrodialysis (SED). In this study, a cascade electro-dehydration process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater by taking advantage of water transport through ion-exchange membranes and the high permselectivity of membranes for monovalent ions against uranate ions. The results indicated that the electro-dehydration effect in SED allowed 1.8 times the concentration of uranium with a loose structure CJMC-5 cation-exchange membrane at a current density of 4 mA/cm2. Thereafter, a cascade electro-dehydration by a combination of SED with conventional electrodialysis (CED) enabled approximately 7.5 times uranium concentration with the extraction yield rate reaching over 80% and simultaneously desalting the majority of salts. Overall, a cascade electro-dehydration is a viable approach, creating a novel route for highly effective uranium extraction and enrichment from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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Yu J, Zhang H, Liu Q, Zhu J, Yu J, Sun G, Li R, Wang J. A high-flux antibacterial poly(amidoxime)-polyacrylonitrile blend membrane for highly efficient uranium extraction from seawater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 440:129735. [PMID: 35988484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is an important fuel for nuclear power, with 4.5 billion tons of it stored in the oceans, 1,000 times more than on land. Polymer membrane materials are widely used in the marine resources fields, due to their convenient collection, good separation and can work continuously. Herein, a poly(amidoxime)-polyacrylonitrile blend membrane (PCP) with high flux, excellent antibacterial properties and uranium adsorption performance has been prepared by using the phase inversion method, and the prepared membrane was used for highly efficient uranium extraction from seawater. In static adsorption experiments, the PCP membrane reached adsorption equilibrium after 48 h, and the adsorption capacity was 303.89 mg/g (C0 =50 mg/L). In dynamic adsorption experiments, it was found that the lower flow rate and higher number of membrane layers were favorable for dynamic adsorption. In addition, the water flux of the PCP membrane was 7.4 times higher than that of the PAN membrane. The adsorption mechanism can be attributed to the chelation between amino and hydroxyl groups in CS, amidoxime group in poly(amidoxime) and uranyl ions. The simple preparation process coupled with the excellent adsorption performance indicated that the PCP membrane would be a promising material for the uranium extraction from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Hainan Harbin Institute of Technology Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hainan 572427, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Gaohui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China.
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Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhu J, Liu J, Yu J, Liu Q, Chen R, Li Y, Wang J. Co-construction of molecular-level uranyl-specific "nano-holes" with amidoxime and amino groups on natural bamboo strips for specifically capturing uranium from seawater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 437:129407. [PMID: 35749900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficiently capturing of uranium (VI) [U(VI)] from seawater elicits unparalleled attraction for sustaining the uplifted requirement for nuclear fuel. However, obtaining the abundant U(VI) resource from seawater has always seriously restricted by competitive adsorption from higher concentrations of competitors, especially vanadium (V) [V(V)]. Herein, based on amidoximized natural bamboo strips with hierarchical porous structure, the molecular-level uranyl-specific "nano-holes" was co-constructed by the intramolecular hydrogen bonds for specifically trapping U(VI) from seawater. Manipulating the branched degrees of amino groups enabled the creation of a series of the molecular-level uranyl-specific "nano-holes" that exhibit ultrahigh affinity and selective adsorption of U(VI) with a adsorption capacity 1.8 fold higher compared to that of V(V) after 30 days floating in the Yellow Sea basin, conquering the long-term challenge of the competitive adsorption of V(V) for amidoxime-based adsorbents applied to extract U(VI) from seawater. The diameter of the molecular-level uranyl-specific "nano-holes" is approximately 12.07 Å, significantly larger than (UO2)3(OH)3+ (10.37 Å) and smaller than HV10O285-, thereby exhibiting specifically trapping of U(VI) in a series of adsorption experiments with different U(VI)-V(V) ratios. Besides, the adsorption model based on the combination of experimental and theoretical results is accompanied by "hydrogen bond breaking and coordination bond formation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zaiwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Hainan Harbin Institute of Technology Innovation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hainan 572427, China.
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China
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Ma D, Xu X, Li Z, Peng H, Cai D, Wang D, Yue Q. Nanoemulsion assembly toward vaterite mesoporous CaCO 3 for high-efficient uranium extraction from seawater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 432:128695. [PMID: 35303667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uranium extraction from seawater is particularly significant and regarded as an indispensable strategy for satisfying the increasing demand for nuclear fuel owing to the high uranium reserves (about 4.5 billion tons) in seawater, while remains great challenges due to the low concentration, the interference of various cations and the complexity of the marine environment. Thus, developing a highly efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity, excellent selectivity, low cost, and facile synthesis method is significant and urgently required. Inorganic materials show many advantages in adsorption such as low cost, fast response, high stability, etc, while conventionally, have poor capacity and selectivity especially in real seawater. Herein, mesoporous CaCO3 (mCaCO3) with vaterite phase is synthesized by a facile nanoemulsion strategy and "ready-to-use" for uranium adsorption without functionalization and post treatment. Surfactant Pluronic F127 not only assembles into reverse micelles to form mesopores, but also stabilizes the active vaterite phase. The obtained mCaCO3 with high surface area (48.2 m2/g), interconnected mesopores (11 nm), and unique vaterite phase achieves highly efficient uranium adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 850 ± 20 mg-U/g in uranium-spiked seawater and 6.5 ± 0.5 mg-U/g in 700 L of natural seawater for one week, as well as excellent selectivity, matching the state-of-the-art U adsorbents. After adsorption, mCaCO3-U is dissolved with a simple acid elution to obtain concentrated uranyl solution for purification, avoiding the disposal of adsorbents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to report mesoporous CaCO3 for uranium adsorption from seawater with such a good performance. The facile synthesis, abundant raw materials and eco-friendly adsorption-desorption processes endow the mCaCO3 as a promising candidate for large-scale uranium extraction from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Ma
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhenwen Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Qin Yue
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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Wang Y, Lin Z, Zhang H, Liu Q, Yu J, Liu J, Chen R, Zhu J, Wang J. Anti-bacterial and super-hydrophilic bamboo charcoal with amidoxime modified for efficient and selective uranium extraction from seawater. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:455-463. [PMID: 33930749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the growing demand for nuclear energy, uranium extraction from seawater (UES) is becoming increasingly important due to the ocean reserves 4.5 billion tons for uranium(VI) [U(VI)]. Herein, two kinds of amidoxime modified bamboo charcoal (AOOBCS and AOOBCH) with porous structure, anti-bacterial, and super-hydrophilic properties were successfully synthetized by two etching methods (soaking and hydrothermal). The super-hydrophilic property of AOOBCH accelerated the contact between the amidoxime group and uranyl ions (UO22+), and promoted the action of anti-bacterial substances (bamboo-quinone) on bacteria to restrain the form of bacterial membrane. In addition, the amidoxime groups not only didn't destroy the super-hydrophilic surface, but also adjusted the adsorbents' pKa by changing the amidoxime grafting rate. Under PH = 7, the adsorption capacity of AOOBCH was about 1.97 times that of AOOBCS and 2.95 times that of BC. Importantly, the AOOBCH exhibited ultra-high uptake capacity (6.37 mg g-1) and exceptional selectivity for U(VI) in 100-fold interfering ions simulated seawater system due to the chelation between C(NH2)NOH and UO22+ to form a more stable coordination structure (Eads = -36.56 eV). Benefiting from the superior performance and selectivity, the AOOBCH is a potential candidate for UES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zaiwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) Military-Civilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hainan 572427, China; Harbin Engineering University Capital Management Co. Ltd, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Advanced Marine Materials, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China; Harbin Engineering University Capital Management Co. Ltd, Harbin 150001, China.
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