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Zhou L, Zhang H, Chen N, Zhang Z, Liu M, Dai L, Wang J, Jiang Y, Wu Y. Similarities and differences between infantile and early childhood onset vanishing white matter disease. J Neurol 2018; 265:1410-1418. [PMID: 29663120 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is one of the most prevalent inherited leukoencephalopathies in childhood. Infantile VWM is more severe but less understood than the classic early childhood type. We performed a follow-up study on 14 infantile and 26 childhood patients to delineate the natural history and neuroimaging features of VWM. Infantile and childhood patients shared similarities in the incidence of epileptic seizure (35.7 vs. 38.5%) and episodic aggravation (92.9 vs. 84.6%). Developmental delay before disease onset was more common in infantile patients. Motor disability was earlier and more severe in infantile VWM. In survivors with disease durations of 1-3 years, the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was classified as IV-V in 66.7% of infantile and only 29.4% of childhood patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis indicated that the 5-year survival rates were 21.6 and 91.3% in infantile and childhood VWM, respectively. In terms of MRI, infantile patients showed more extensive involvement and earlier rarefaction, with more common involvement of subcortical white matter, internal capsule, brain stem and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. Restricted diffusion was more diffuse or extensive in infantile patients. In addition, four novel mutations were identified. In conclusion, we identified some similarities and differences in the natural history and neuroimaging features between infantile and early childhood VWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhongbin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Lifang Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Chen N, Dai L, Jiang Y, Wang J, Hao H, Ren Y, Leng X, Zang L, Wu Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress intolerance in EIF2B3 mutant oligodendrocytes is modulated by depressed autophagy. Brain Dev 2016; 38:507-15. [PMID: 26625702 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) is an essential factor for the initiation of protein synthesis. Mutations in eIF2B encoded by EIF2B1-5 cause a lethal leukoencephalopathy--vanishing white matter disease (VWM). Previous studies have suggested that an improper activated unfolded protein response (UPR) after endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) contributed to the pathogenesis of the disease. Autophagy, an important compensatory pathway after ERS, was analyzed in this study. METHODS To determine the tolerance differences to ERS, cell viability and apoptosis rates were detected in oligodendrocyte cell lines transfected with EIF2B3-c.1037T>C or the wild type. Autophagy flux was measured between groups. Autophagy inducers and inhibitors were used to identify the role of autophagy in the mutant oligodendrocytes. RESULTS We confirmed that oligodendrocytes with mutant EIF2B3 was less tolerant to ERS than the wild type, with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis rates. Autophagy flux was depressed in mutant oligodendrocytes under baseline condition and after ERS stimulation. Reduced expression of autophagy related gene (Atg) 3 and Atg 7 were involved in the depression of autophagy flux. The mutant oligodendrocytes pretreated with autophagy inducers showed stable cell viability and decreased apoptosis despite ERS induction, whereas the autophagy inhibitors aggravated cell apoptosis and viability declination. CONCLUSIONS Oligodendrocytes transfected with mutant EIF2B3 was less tolerant to ERS than the wild type. Depressed autophagy flux was observed in the mutant cells at baseline and after ERS stimulation. Improperly depressed autophagy played a role in the susceptibility to ERS in EIF2B3 mutant oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lifang Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongjun Hao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yali Ren
- Lab of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xuerong Leng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Lili Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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Shimada S, Shimojima K, Sangu N, Hoshino A, Hachiya Y, Ohto T, Hashi Y, Nishida K, Mitani M, Kinjo S, Tsurusaki Y, Matsumoto N, Morimoto M, Yamamoto T. Mutations in the genes encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B in Japanese patients with vanishing white matter disease. Brain Dev 2015; 37:960-6. [PMID: 25843247 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is a chronic, progressive leukoencephalopathy associated with episodes of rapid deterioration following minor stress events such as head traumas or infectious disorders. The white matter of the patients with VWM exhibits characteristic radiological findings. METHOD The genes encoding all five subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (EIF2B) were analyzed in patients, who were tentatively diagnosed with VWM, by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Seven mutations were identified in the genes encoding the subunits 1, 2, 4, and 5 of EIF2B. Among them, one mutation (p.V83E) in the subunit 2 (EIF2B2) was recurrently identified in three alleles, indicating the most common mutation in Japanese patients with VWM. Two patients were homozygous, and the other four patients were compound heterozygous. CONCLUSION All patients showed white matter abnormalities with various degrees. One patient showed manifestations of end-stage VWM disease. Some patients showed late onset and slow progression associated with brain magnetic resonance imaging displaying T2 high intensity only in the deep white matter. There was clinical heterogeneity among patients with VWM.
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Takano K, Tsuyusaki Y, Sato M, Takagi M, Anzai R, Okuda M, Iai M, Yamashita S, Okabe T, Aida N, Tsurusaki Y, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Osaka H. A Japanese girl with an early-infantile onset vanishing white matter disease resembling Cree leukoencephalopathy. Brain Dev 2015; 37:638-42. [PMID: 25457085 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vanishing white matter disease (VWM)/childhood ataxia with central hypomyelination (CACH) is an autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in one of five genes, EIF2B1-5, encoding the 5 subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). The classical phenotype is characterized by early childhood onset and chronic progressive neurological deterioration with cerebellar ataxia, spasticity, optic atrophy and epilepsy. However, the onset of disease varies from antenatal period to adulthood. Cree leukoencephalopathy (CLE) is a severe variant of VWM and caused by a homozygous mutation (R195H) in the EIF2B5 gene. The patient reported in this study developed lethargy, vomiting and seizure 3days after an oral poliovirus vaccination at the age of 4months. She presented with rapid neurological deterioration within a month of onset. Brain MRI showed abnormal white matter intensity. Whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous mutations in the EIF2B5 gene: a known mutation, c.584G>A (R195H, which is homozygous in CLE), and a novel mutation, c.1223T>C (I408T, which resides in the "I-patch"). Mutations in the "I-patch" encoded region of eIF2Bε may be related to an early-infantile onset phenotype. This patient exhibits an early-infantile onset and progressive disease course resembling CLE, suggesting a severe functional disruption of eIF2Bε caused by R195H as well as by I408T mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Takano
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Yu Tsuyusaki
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sato
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mariko Takagi
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Anzai
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Okuda
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mizue Iai
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sumimasa Yamashita
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Okabe
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Japan
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