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Chadha M, Malik DS. Vesicular Nanocarriers: A Potential Platform for Topical/Transdermal Delivery of Antibiotics. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2024; 18:NANOTEC-EPUB-137148. [PMID: 38204233 DOI: 10.2174/0118722105250901231201024930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infections are becoming difficult to treat nowadays due to the development of resistance towards conventional treatments. Conventional topical formulations loaded with antibiotics display various disadvantages, like high dosing frequency, high toxicity, and poor patient compliance. The former limitations may sometimes lead to severe complications and hospitalization of patients. However, these can be overcome by employing vesicular nanocarriers for the delivery of antibiotics following the topical/transdermal route. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review paper was to summarize the role of vesicular nanocarriers, like liposomes, elastic liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and nanoemulsions for topical/transdermal delivery of antibiotics, and patents associated with them. METHODS Literature for the present review was collected using various search engines, like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google Patents. RESULTS Various literature investigations have revealed the in vitro and preclinical efficacy of vesicular nanocarrier systems in the delivery of antibiotics following the topical/transdermal route. CONCLUSION Vesicular nanocarrier systems, via targeted delivery, may subside various side effects of antibiotics associated with conventional delivery, like high dosing frequency and poor patient compliance. However, their existence in the pharmaceutical market will be governed by effective clinical assessment and scale-up methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Chadha
- Baba Farid Colege of Pharmacy, Mullanpur, District Ludhiana, 142023, India
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Upadhyay P, Singh D, Upadhyay S. Vesicular Approach Review on Nanocarriers bearing Curcumin and Applications. Recent Adv Drug Deliv Formul 2022; 16:RADDF-EPUB-122216. [PMID: 35379164 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220404092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoconstituents have been used to treat a variety of human diseases for a long time, but their use in pharmaceuticals is limited because of their low aqueous solubility. Researchers have created vesicular systems to address many of the issues associated with the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs and target the drug to the desired location in the body. Several vesicular nanocarrier systems have been developed. Review contrasts various vesicular drug delivery systems, including liposomes, sphingosomes, emulsomes, niosomes, ethosomes, virosomes, phytosomes, aquasomes, proniosomes, transfersomes, pharmacosomes. Vesicular drug delivery systems have caused a scientific revolution, which has resulted in the development of novel dosage forms. This review aims to illustrate the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of the vesicular approach as nanocarriers bearing curcumin and widely used in gene delivery, tumor-targeting to the brain, oral formulations, and resolving various problems associated with drug stability and permeability issues. Nanocarriers also has wide application as green nanocomposites and for antitubercular drugs depending on their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukirti Upadhyay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yun D, Cho SY, Ju W, Seo EH. Transverse myelitis after infection with varicella zoster virus in patient with normal immunity: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:10308-10314. [PMID: 34904104 PMCID: PMC8638050 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i33.10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a human neurotropic and double-stranded DNA alpha-herpes virus. Primary infection with VZV usually occurs during childhood, manifesting as chickenpox. Reactivation of latent VZV can lead to various neurological complications, including transverse myelitis (TM); although cases of the latter are very rare, particularly in newly active VZV infection.
CASE SUMMARY We report here an unusual case of TM in a middle-aged adult immunocompetent patient that developed concomitant to an active VZV infection. The 46-year-old male presented with painful vesicular eruption on his left chest that had steadily progressed to involvement of his back over a 3-d period. Cerebrospinal fluid testing was denied, but findings from magnetic resonance imaging and collective symptomology indicated TM. He was administered antiviral drugs and corticosteroids immediately but his symptom improvement waxed and waned, necessitating multiple hospital admissions. After about a month of repeated treatments, he was deemed sufficiently improved for hospital discharge to home.
CONCLUSION VZV myelitis should be suspected when a patient visits the outpatient pain clinic with herpes zoster showing neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehun Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju 61661, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju 61661, South Korea
| | - Wan Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju 61661, South Korea
| | - Eun Hyoung Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju 61661, South Korea
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Laffleur F, Keckeis V. Advances in drug delivery systems: Work in progress still needed? Int J Pharm X 2020; 2:100050. [PMID: 32577616 PMCID: PMC7305387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new era of science and technology has emerged in pharmaceutical research with focus on developing novel drug delivery systems for oral administration. Conventional dosage forms like tablets and capsules are associated with a low bioavailability, frequent application, side effects and hence patient noncompliance. By developing novel strategies for drug delivery, researchers embraced an alternative to traditional drug delivery systems. Out of those, fast dissolving drug delivery systems are very eminent among pediatrics and geriatrics. Orally disintegrating films are superior over fast dissolving tablets as the latter are assigned with the risk of suffocation. Due to their ability of bypassing the dissolution and the first pass effect after oral administration, self-emulsifying formulations have also become increasingly popular in improving oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Osmotic devices enable a controlled drug delivery independent upon gastrointestinal conditions using osmosis as driving force. The advances in nanotechnology and the variety of possible materials and formulation factors enable a targeted delivery and triggered release. Vesicular systems can be easily modified as required and provide a controlled and sustained drug delivery to a specific site. This work provides an insight of the novel approaches in drug delivery covering the critical comparison between traditional and novel “advanced-designed” systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Laffleur
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Valérie Keckeis
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Isolated spinal intramedullary involvement by neurocysticercosis is extremely rare. We report a case of a Hispanic female with right-sided weakness, magnetic resonance imaging showing cervical intramedullary lesion. Surgery was performed due to the progressive nature of symptoms. The cervical cord lesion was completely removed; pathology was consistent with degenerated cysticercosis. Progressive clinical improvement with physiotherapy was achieved. Although rare, especially in the absence of intracranial lesions, the diagnosis should be considered in appropriate patient population as it usually presents a peripherally enhancing cystic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Jobanputra
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Karuna Raj
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Frank Yu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5108-5128. [PMID: 30657036 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190118155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates. METHODS Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful. CONCLUSION Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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Verma S, Utreja P. Vesicular nanocarrier based treatment of skin fungal infections: Potential and emerging trends in nanoscale pharmacotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:117-129. [PMID: 32104444 PMCID: PMC7042486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of skin fungal infections is increasing nowadays and their presence is more prominent in patients suffering from immunocompromised diseases like AIDS. Skin fungal infections are a major cause of visits by patients to dermatology clinics. Although, a large number of antifungal agents are available for treatment of skin fungal infections, but, their toxic profile and physicochemical characteristics reduce therapeutic outcome. When these antifungal agents are delivered topically using conventional formulations like creams and gels, they may cause various side effects like redness, burning, and swelling at the site of application. Therefore, various vesicular formulations (phospholipid based or non phospholipid based) have been explored by pharmaceutical scientists to treat skin fungal infections topically. Vesicular formulation explored for the purpose are liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, transethosomes, niosomes, spanlastics, oleic acid vesicles, and nanoparticles. These formulations show various advantages like bioavailability enhancement of bioactives, high skin permeation power, no side effects at application site, dosing frequency reduction, and sustained drug release. Therefore, in the present article, we have discussed about the utility of various vesicular nanocarrier systems to treat skin fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rayat-Bahra College of Pharmacy, Hoshiarpur, Punjab 146001, India.,I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601, India
| | - Puneet Utreja
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601, India.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab 142021, India
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Kertai MD, Qi W, Li YJ, Lombard FW, Liu Y, Smith MP, Stafford-Smith M, Newman MF, Milano CA, Mathew JP, Podgoreanu MV. Gene signatures of postoperative atrial fibrillation in atrial tissue after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in patients receiving β-blockers. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:109-15. [PMID: 26860460 PMCID: PMC4967350 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atrial tissue gene expression profiling may help to determine how differentially expressed genes in the human atrium before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are related to subsequent biologic pathway activation patterns, and whether specific expression profiles are associated with an increased risk for postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) or altered response to β-blocker (BB) therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Right atrial appendage (RAA) samples were collected from 45 patients who were receiving perioperative BB treatment, and underwent CABG surgery. The isolated RNA samples were used for microarray gene expression analysis, to identify probes that were expressed differently in patients with and without postoperative AF. Gene expression analysis was performed to identify probes that were expressed differently in patients with and without postoperative AF. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to determine how sets of genes might be systematically altered in patients with postoperative AF. Of the 45 patients studied, genomic DNA from 42 patients was used for target sequencing of 66 candidate genes potentially associated with AF, and 2,144 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. We then performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis to determine the correlation between SNPs identified in the genotyped patients, and RAA expression. Probes that met a false discovery rate<0.25 were selected for eQTL analysis. Of the 17,678 gene expression probes analyzed, 2 probes met our prespecified significance threshold of false discovery rate<0.25. The most significant probe corresponded to vesicular overexpressed in cancer - prosurvival protein 1 gene (VOPP1; 1.83 fold change; P=3.47×10(-7)), and was up-regulated in patients with postoperative AF, whereas the second most significant probe, which corresponded to the LOC389286 gene (0.49 fold change; P=1.54×10(-5)), was down-regulated in patients with postoperative AF. GSEA highlighted the role of VOPP1 in pathways with biologic relevance to myocardial homeostasis, and oxidative stress and redox modulation. Candidate gene eQTL showed a trans-acting association between variants of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 gene, previously linked to altered BB response, and high expression of VOPP1. In patients undergoing CABG surgery, RAA gene expression profiling, and pathway and eQTL analysis suggested that VOPP1 plays a novel etiological role in postoperative AF despite perioperative BB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos D Kertai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Frederick W Lombard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Michael P Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark Stafford-Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark F Newman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carmelo A Milano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mihai V Podgoreanu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke Perioperative Genomics Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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