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Franco-González IT, Pérez-Escamirosa F, Minor-Martínez A, Rosas-Barrientos JV, Hernández-Paredes TJ. Development of a 3D Motion Tracking System for the Analysis of Skills in Microsurgery. J Med Syst 2021; 45:106. [PMID: 34731325 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-021-01787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microsurgical skills of trainee surgeons have been subjectively evaluated due to the lack of technological tools. The objective of this investigation is to present the construct validity of the mitracks3D, which is a system designed to help in the objective evaluation of microsurgery trainees. To achieve this, a stereoscopic vision system records the 3D motion of two tweezers manipulated by surgeons during microsurgery training. Using motion analysis parameters (MAPs), quantitative information about their microsurgical skills and performance is obtained. For validation, 14 participants were enrolled and divided into two groups: expert microsurgeons (3 female, 2 male) and trainee surgeons (4 female, 5 male). The 3D motion tracking was acquired while the surgeons practiced with two training models: transferring objects and suture. Twelve MAPs were used to objective assessment the skill levels of each participant. Subsequent, statistical analysis was computed to compare the scores of both groups. Validation results showed statistically significant differences in 8 of the 12 MAPs and in 10 of the 12 MAPs using the transferring and the suturing models, respectively. The capability of mitracks3D to differentiate the performance of microsurgeons by analyzing their movements was shown. The mitracks3D system was successfully validated. With this system was possible to differentiate the psychomotor microsurgical skills between the two groups of surgeons. The mitracks3D system is a suitable device for the evaluation of microsurgical skills in a variety of surgical specialties that require it during the training of their residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Tlacaélel Franco-González
- Sección de Bioelectrónica, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Fernando Pérez-Escamirosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Arturo Minor-Martínez
- Sección de Bioelectrónica, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Vicente Rosas-Barrientos
- Hospital Regional 1º de Octubre del ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, 07760, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tania Josefina Hernández-Paredes
- Hospital Regional 1º de Octubre del ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Col. Magdalena de las Salinas, 07760, Ciudad de México, México
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Boswell MA, Uhlrich SD, Kidziński Ł, Thomas K, Kolesar JA, Gold GE, Beaupre GS, Delp SL. A neural network to predict the knee adduction moment in patients with osteoarthritis using anatomical landmarks obtainable from 2D video analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:346-356. [PMID: 33422707 PMCID: PMC7925428 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The knee adduction moment (KAM) can inform treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis; however, measuring the KAM requires an expensive gait analysis laboratory. We evaluated the feasibility of predicting the peak KAM during natural and modified walking patterns using the positions of anatomical landmarks that could be identified from video analysis. METHOD Using inverse dynamics, we calculated the KAM for 86 individuals (64 with knee osteoarthritis, 22 without) walking naturally and with foot progression angle modifications. We trained a neural network to predict the peak KAM using the 3-dimensional positions of 13 anatomical landmarks measured with motion capture (3D neural network). We also trained models to predict the peak KAM using 2-dimensional subsets of the dataset to simulate 2-dimensional video analysis (frontal and sagittal plane neural networks). Model performance was evaluated on a held-out, 8-person test set that included steps from all trials. RESULTS The 3D neural network predicted the peak KAM for all test steps with r2( Murray et al., 2012) 2 = 0.78. This model predicted individuals' average peak KAM during natural walking with r2( Murray et al., 2012) 2 = 0.86 and classified which 15° foot progression angle modifications reduced the peak KAM with accuracy = 0.85. The frontal plane neural network predicted peak KAM with similar accuracy (r2( Murray et al., 2012) 2 = 0.85) to the 3D neural network, but the sagittal plane neural network did not (r2( Murray et al., 2012) 2 = 0.14). CONCLUSION Using the positions of anatomical landmarks from motion capture, a neural network accurately predicted the peak KAM during natural and modified walking. This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring the peak KAM using positions obtainable from 2D video analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Boswell
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - S D Uhlrich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Lab, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Ł Kidziński
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - K Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - J A Kolesar
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Lab, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - G E Gold
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - G S Beaupre
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Musculoskeletal Research Lab, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - S L Delp
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Pecquet A, Dorey N, Chan KYK. Ocean acidification increases larval swimming speed and has limited effects on spawning and settlement of a robust fouling bryozoan, Bugula neritina. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:903-910. [PMID: 28341296 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies to date have investigated the effects of ocean acidification on non-reef forming marine invertebrates with non-feeding larvae. Here, we exposed adults of the bryozoan Bugula neritina and their larvae to lowered pH. We monitored spawning, larval swimming, settlement, and post-settlement individual sizes at two pHs (7.9 vs. 7.6) and settlement dynamics alone over a broader pH range (8.0 down to 6.5). Our results show that spawning was not affected by adult exposure (48h at pH7.6), larvae swam 32% faster and the newly-settled individuals grew significantly larger (5%) at pH7.6 than in the control. Although larvae required more time to settle when pH was lowered, reduced pH was not lethal, even down to pH6.5. Overall, this fouling species appeared to be robust to acidification, and yet, indirect effects such as prolonging the pelagic larval duration could increase predation risk, and might negatively impact population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Pecquet
- Science and Technology Faculty, University of La Rochelle, France; Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Narimane Dorey
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Kit Yu Karen Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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Birgiolas J, Jernigan CM, Smith BH, Crook SM. SwarmSight: Measuring the temporal progression of animal group activity levels from natural-scene and laboratory videos. Behav Res Methods 2017; 49:576-87. [PMID: 27130170 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe SwarmSight (available at https://github.com/justasb/SwarmSight ), a novel, open-source, Microsoft Windows software tool for quantitative assessment of the temporal progression of animal group activity levels from recorded videos. The tool utilizes a background subtraction machine vision algorithm and provides an activity metric that can be used to quantitatively assess and compare animal group behavior. Here we demonstrate the tool's utility by analyzing defensive bee behavior as modulated by alarm pheromones, wild-bird feeding onset and interruption, and cockroach nest-finding activity. Although more sophisticated, commercial software packages are available, SwarmSight provides a low-cost, open-source, and easy-to-use alternative that is suitable for a wide range of users, including minimally trained research technicians and behavioral science undergraduate students in classroom laboratory settings.
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Jahn J, Janes WE, Saheb-Al-Zamani M, Burbank CM, Brown JM, Engsberg JR. Identification of three movement phases of the hand during lateral and pulp pinches using video motion capture. Hand (N Y) 2013; 8:123-31. [PMID: 24426908 PMCID: PMC3652995 DOI: 10.1007/s11552-013-9517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand injuries affect a person's ability to engage successfully in activities of daily living (ADLs). Video motion capture (VMC) facilitates measurement of dynamic movement. No study to date has used VMC as a means of quantifying the simultaneous movement patterns of all joints of all digits of the hand during active purposeful movement. METHOD The purpose of this study was to analyze all joints of all five digits during active completion of the lateral and pulp pinches. VMC data were collected from four participants during completion of two pinches. Joint angles were plotted to facilitate identification of movement patterns. RESULTS Range of motion recorded in all joints with VMC, excluding flexion of the thumb carpometacarpal of both pinches, coincided with the normative goniometric data. Three phases were observed: initiation, preshaping, and pinch phases. Patterns of movement in all digits were identified for the two pinches. CONCLUSION VMC is a feasible and valid method for objectively quantifying dynamic movement of multiple joints simultaneously. The results provide new insight to the dynamics of hand movement as well as a basis for subsequent evaluations of movement patterns performed in ADLs and instrumental ADLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Jahn
- />Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - William E. Janes
- />Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Maryam Saheb-Al-Zamani
- />Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Street, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Caitlin M. Burbank
- />Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 1101, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Justin M. Brown
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive MC 0987, La Jolla, CA 92093-0987 USA
| | - Jack R. Engsberg
- />Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8505, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
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