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Gasciauskaite G, Lunkiewicz J, Schweiger G, Budowski AD, Henckert D, Roche TR, Bergauer L, Meybohm P, Hottenrott S, Zacharowski K, Raimann FJ, Rivas E, López-Baamonde M, Ganter MT, Schmidt T, Nöthiger CB, Tscholl DW, Akbas S. User Perceptions of Visual Blood: An International Mixed Methods Study on Novel Blood Gas Analysis Visualization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3103. [PMID: 37835847 PMCID: PMC10572252 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood gas analysis plays a central role in modern medicine. Advances in technology have expanded the range of available parameters and increased the complexity of their interpretation. By applying user-centered design principles, it is possible to reduce the cognitive load associated with interpreting blood gas analysis. In this international, multicenter study, we explored anesthesiologists' perspectives on Visual Blood, a novel visualization technique for presenting blood gas analysis results. We conducted interviews with participants following two computer-based simulation studies, the first utilizing virtual reality (VR) (50 participants) and the second without VR (70 participants). Employing the template approach, we identified key themes in the interview responses and formulated six statements, which were rated using Likert scales from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) in an online questionnaire. The most frequently mentioned theme was the positive usability features of Visual Blood. The online survey revealed that participants found Visual Blood to be an intuitive method for interpreting blood gas analysis (median 4, interquartile range (IQR) 4-4, p < 0.001). Participants noted that minimal training was required to effectively learn how to interpret Visual Blood (median 4, IQR 4-4, p < 0.001). However, adjustments are necessary to reduce visual overload (median 4, IQR 2-4, p < 0.001). Overall, Visual Blood received a favorable response. The strengths and weaknesses derived from these data will help optimize future versions of Visual Blood to improve the presentation of blood gas analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Gasciauskaite
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Lunkiewicz
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Schweiger
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra D. Budowski
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Henckert
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tadzio R. Roche
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Bergauer
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hottenrott
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Jürgen Raimann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Rivas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Baamonde
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Thomas Ganter
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schmidt
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinic Hirslanden Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph B. Nöthiger
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David W. Tscholl
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samira Akbas
- Institute of Anesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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