1
|
de Souza AM, Araujo-Silva H, Costa AM, Rossi AL, Rossi AM, Granjeiro JM, Luchiari AC, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Embryotoxicity and visual-motor response of functionalized nanostructured hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chemosphere 2023; 313:137519. [PMID: 36502913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial widely used in biomedical applications. Many studies have shown that ionic substituents can be incorporated into HA to produce a mineral composition more similar to natural bone tissue with more favorable biological characteristics for application in bone regeneration. However, its potentially toxic effects need to be evaluated before full approval for human use. For this purpose, an embryotoxicity test was performed on zebrafish according to OECD guideline 236. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 or 3 microspheres of alginate containing nanoparticles of HA and carbonate (CHA), strontium (SrHA), and zinc-substituted HA (ZnHA) from 4 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Lethality and developmental endpoints were evaluated. In addition, larval behavior at 168 hpf was also analyzed to observe whether biomaterials adversely affect optomotor and avoidance responses (neurotoxicity), as well as the oxidative stress pattern through qPCR. After 120 h exposure to all microspheres with different patterns of crystallinity, porosity, nanoparticle size, surface area, and degradation behavior, there was no mortality rate greater than 20%, indicating the non-embryotoxic character of these biomaterials. All experimental groups showed positive optomotor and avoidance responses, which means that embryo exposure to the tested biomaterials had no neurotoxic effects. Furthermore, larvae exposed to one SrHA microsphere showed a better optomotor response than the control. Furthermore, the biomaterials did not change the pattern of mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative stress even after 120 hpf. The growing number of new HA-based biomaterials produced should be accompanied by increased studies to understand the biosafety of these compounds, especially in alternative models, such as zebrafish embryos. These results reinforce our hypothesis that ion-substituted HA biomaterials do not impose toxicological effects, cause development and neuromotor impairment, or increase oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos being useful for medical devices and in the process of bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Monteiro de Souza
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Andréa Machado Costa
- Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Linhares Rossi
- Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Malta Rossi
- Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Physics Research, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|