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Keric N, Krenzlin H, Kalasauskas D, Freyschlag CF, Schnell O, Misch M, von der Brelie C, Gempt J, Krigers A, Wagner A, Lange F, Mielke D, Sommer C, Brockmann MA, Meyer B, Rohde V, Vajkoczy P, Beck J, Thomé C, Ringel F. Treatment outcome of IDH1/2 wildtype CNS WHO grade 4 glioma histologically diagnosed as WHO grade II or III astrocytomas. J Neurooncol 2024; 167:133-144. [PMID: 38326661 PMCID: PMC10978634 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1/2 wildtype (wt) astrocytomas formerly classified as WHO grade II or III have significantly shorter PFS and OS than IDH mutated WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas leading to a classification as CNS WHO grade 4. It is the aim of this study to evaluate differences in the treatment-related clinical course of these tumors as they are largely unknown. METHODS Patients undergoing surgery (between 2016-2019 in six neurosurgical departments) for a histologically diagnosed WHO grade 2-3 IDH1/2-wt astrocytoma were retrospectively reviewed to assess progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors. RESULTS This multi-center study included 157 patients (mean age 58 years (20-87 years); with 36.9% females). The predominant histology was anaplastic astrocytoma WHO grade 3 (78.3%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade 2 (21.7%). Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 37.6%, subtotal resection (STR) in 28.7%, and biopsy was performed in 33.8%. The median PFS (12.5 months) and OS (27.0 months) did not differ between WHO grades. Both, GTR and STR significantly increased PFS (P < 0.01) and OS (P < 0.001) compared to biopsy. Treatment according to Stupp protocol was not associated with longer OS or PFS compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone. EGFR amplification (P = 0.014) and TERT-promotor mutation (P = 0.042) were associated with shortened OS. MGMT-promoter methylation had no influence on treatment response. CONCLUSIONS WHO grade 2 and 3 IDH1/2 wt astrocytomas, treated according to the same treatment protocols, have a similar OS. Age, extent of resection, and strong EGFR expression were the most important treatment related prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Keric
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Harald Krenzlin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Darius Kalasauskas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandrs Krigers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arthur Wagner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felipa Lange
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dorothee Mielke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Sommer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Rohde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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