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Bai Z, Li T, Zhang S, Wang G, Xu X, Zhou W, Pan X, Pu Y, Jia Y, Yang Z, Long L. Effects of climate and geochemical properties on the chemical forms of soil Cd, Pb and Cr along a more than 4000 km transect. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133746. [PMID: 38341885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal speciation has received much attention for their different ecological and environmental effects. However, the effects of climate and soil geochemical properties on them in uncontaminated soils at macroscale were still unclear. Therefore, a transect more than 4000 km was chosen to study the effects of these factors on soil Cd, Pb and Cr forms. The results revealed that mean annual temperature and precipitation showed significant positive relations with the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide bound states of Cd, Pb and Cr, and residual Cr. And humidity and drought indexes were significantly positively correlated with their organic and carbonate bound forms, respectively. As for soil geochemical properties, pH displayed significant negative relationships with exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide and organic bound Pb and Cr, and exchangeable Cd. Fe2O3 was significantly positively with the exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd, Pb and Cr, and residual Cr. And soil organic matter showed positive relations with organic bound Pb and Cr, and residual Cd and Cr, displayed negative relationships with carbonated bound Pb and Cr. Overall, climate and soil geochemical properties together affect the transformation and transport of heavy metals between different forms in uncontaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Bai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang 611130, PR China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
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Gloaguen TV, Passe JJ. Importance of lithology in defining natural background concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sedimentary soils, northeastern Brazil. Chemosphere 2017; 186:31-42. [PMID: 28763636 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sedimentary basins of Recôncavo and Tucano, Bahia, represent the most important Brazilian Phanerozoic continental basin system, formed during fracturing of Gondwana. The northern basin of Tucano has a semiarid climate (Bsh) while the southern basin of Recôncavo has a tropical rainforest climate (Af). The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of trace metals in soils derived from various sedimentary rocks and climates. Soils were collected at 30 sites in 5 geological units at 0-20 cm and 60-80 cm deep under native vegetation. Physical and chemical attributes (particle size distribution, pH, Al, exchangeable bases, organic matter) were determined, as well as the pseudo-total concentrations (EPA 3050 b) and the total concentrations (X-ray fluorescence) of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The concentrations of metals were overall correlated to soil texture, according to lithologic origin. Shales resulted in Vertisols 30.4 (Zn), 27.2 (Ni), 16.9 (Cu), 7.5 (Cr) and 2.5 (Pb) times more concentrated than Arenosols derived from the sandstones. High Cr and Ni values in clay soils from shales were attributed to diffuse contamination by erosion of mafic rocks of the Greenstone Belt River Itapicuru (from 3 km northwest of the study area) during the late Jurassic. Tropical rainforest climate resulted in a slight enrichment of Pb and Cr, and Ni had the higher mobility during soil formation (enrichment factor up to 6.01). In conclusion, the geological environment is a much more controlling factor than pedogenesis in the concentration of metals in sedimentary soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José João Passe
- Geoscience Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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