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Zhang X, Xiao G, Bol R, Wang L, Zhuge Y, Wu W, Li H, Meng F. Influences of irrigation and fertilization on soil N cycle and losses from wheat-maize cropping system in northern China. Environ Pollut 2021; 278:116852. [PMID: 33740603 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excess of water irrigation and fertilizer consumption by crops has resulted in high soil nitrogen (N) losses and underground water contamination not only in China but worldwide. This study explored the effects of soil N input, soil N output, as well as the effect of different irrigation and N- fertilizer managements on residual N. For this, two consecutive years of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) -summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation was conducted with: N applied at 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1, 420 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 600 kg N ha-1 yr-1 under fertigation (DN0, DN420, DN600), and N applied at 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 600 kg N ha-1 yr-1 under flood irrigation (FN0, FN600). The results demonstrated that low irrigation water consumption resulted in a 57.2% lower of irrigation-N input (p < 0.05) in DN600 when compared to FN600, especially in a rainy year like 2015-2016. For N output, no significant difference was found with all N treatments. Soil gaseous N losses were highly correlated with fertilization (p < 0.001) and were reduced by 23.6%-41.7% when fertilizer N was decreased by 30%. Soil N leaching was highly affected by irrigation and a higher reduction was observed under saving irrigation (reduced by 33.9%-57.3%) than under optimized fertilization (reduced by 23.6%-50.7%). The net N surplus was significantly increased with N application rate but was not affected by irrigation treatments. Under the same N level (600 kg N ha-1 yr-1), fertigation increased the Total Nitrogen (TN) stock by 17.5% (0-100 cm) as compared to flood irrigation. These results highlighted the importance to further reduction of soil N losses under optimized fertilization and irrigation combined with N stabilizers or balanced- N fertilization for future agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangmin Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fanqiao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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