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da Silva Trandafilov AA, Grazziotin-Soares R, Nogueira APA, Maia-Filho EM, Ferreira MC, de Jesus Tavarez RR, Bauer J, Carvalho CN. Filling Material Bond Strength to Dentin Is Positively Influenced by the Agitation of Endodontic Final Irrigating Solutions. Iran Endod J 2024; 19:112-119. [PMID: 38577005 PMCID: PMC10988642 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v19i2.43108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The final step of irrigation has been considered to of increase the bonding strength of filling material to dentin. This study investigated the impact of three final-step irrigation methods on the endodontic sealer bond strength to dentin by using a micro push-out test. Materials and Methods Palatal roots of human maxillary molars were cleaned and shaped and randomly divided in six groups (n=15) according to the final-step irrigation method and the type of root canal sealer used. The solutions used for the final-step irrigation were 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, which underwent three methods: 1) syringe-needle irrigation/conventional, 2) passive ultrasonic irrigation, and 3) XP-endo Finisher agitation. The root canal sealers used were: EndoSequence BC Sealer, and AH-Plus sealer. Roots were obturated with the single cone technique and then, cross-sectioned in 2-mm-thick slices (3 slices from each root). Push-out test was performed on the sliced specimens (cervical, middle, and apical thirds) with a universal testing machine. Bond strength values were recorded in megapascal (MPa). Subsequently, each specimen was longitudinally split to verify the type of failure. Data analysis was performed using Johnson transformation, three-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post-hoc tests, and the partial Eta squared test. Results There were significant differences in bond strength between the sealers [AH: 4.46±2.24 and BC: 3.47±2.19 MPa (P<0.001)]; between final-step irrigation methods [passive ultrasonic irrigation: 4.52±2.25, XP-endo Finisher: 3.93±3.93 and syringe-needle irrigation/conventional: 3.37±2.51 MPa (P<0.001)], and between the root canal thirds represented by the sliced specimens [cervical: 5.45±2.39, middle: 4.14±1.99 and apical: 2.30±1.30 MPa (P<0.001)]. The interaction between the variables had no significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Agitation of the final irrigating solution may improve the bonding of the sealer to canal walls. AH-Plus sealer had the highest bond strength. The bond strength reduced significantly towards the apical third.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Bauer
- Discipline of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University Federal of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
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Silva WO, Amoroso-Silva P, Olivares P, Alcalde MP, Alves FRF, Marceliano-Alves MF. Enhancing debris removal in curved canals: a comparative evaluation of XP-endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7523-7529. [PMID: 37910237 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to compare the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in removing hard tissue debris from curved canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four mandibular molars with Vertucci's type II mesial canals were scanned in microcomputed tomography before and after preparation with HyFlex EDM, and accumulated hard tissue debris was quantified. Subsequently, the teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the supplementary procedure: PUI with the Ultra-X insert or XP-endo Finisher. After the intervention, the specimens underwent another scanning. Two separate analyses were conducted, one for the total canal and another for the isthmus area. Unpaired and paired T-tests were used for inter- and intergroup comparisons, with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS Both supplementary methods reduced the amount of debris compared to the initial volume. Remarkably, the XP-endo Finisher achieved a significantly higher percentage of debris removal (71% for the total canal and 74% for the isthmus areas) compared to PUI (41% for the total canal and 52% for the isthmus area) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both supplementary approaches reduced the amount of hard tissue debris from canal preparation, still XP-endo Finisher showed a higher reduction compared to PUI (p < 0.05). CLINICAL RELEVANCE None of the supplementary methods rendered canals completely free of hard tissue debris. However, the supplementary approach with XP-endo Finisher resulted in lower levels of hard tissue debris than PUI in curved canals with isthmuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warley Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Federal University of Valley of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Pablo Amoroso-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Olivares
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rodrigues Ferreira Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Av. Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, 26260-045, Brazil
| | - Marília Fagury Marceliano-Alves
- Department of Endodontics and Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Av. Abílio Augusto Távora, 2134, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, 26260-045, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Li D, Yang M, Wang W, Yang F. Comparable Effectiveness of Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming with XP-Endo Finisher and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on Removing Residual Root Canal Filling Materials from Oval Canals. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:291-296. [PMID: 37335620 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), XP-endo Finisher (XPF), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) for the removal of root canal filling materials from oval root canals. Background: Various adjunctive irrigation techniques following mechanical preparation have been applied to enhance removal of fillings during root canal retreatment. However, whether there is superiority of one approach over others remains controversial. Methods: Thirty extracted single-rooted teeth with oval-shaped canals were instrumented with the ProTaper Next (PTN) system and obturated with the warm vertical compaction technique. After storage at 37°C for 1 month, retreatment was performed with the PTN system up to size X4. The teeth were then randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10) that were, respectively, subjected to supplementary irrigation with different protocols: PIPS, PUI, and XPF, followed by measurement of filling material volumes using high-resolution micro-computed tomography. Results: The PTN preparation resulted in significant reductions in residual filling materials (p < 0.05), whereas PIPS, PUI, and XPF moderately improved the removal of the remnants (p > 0.05). The residual filling materials after supplementary irrigation ranged from 0.384 ± 0.181 to 0.421 ± 0.143 mm3 in oval canals. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness among the PIPS, PUI, and XPF approaches (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Mechanical preparations are useful for removing most root fillings during retreatment in oval-shaped canals. PIPS can reduce residual root-filling materials to the similar extent as PUI and XPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of VIP Dental Care, and School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengjiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cai M, Cai Y, Yang R, Xu Z, Neelakantan P, Wei X. Impact of agitation/activation strategies on the antibiofilm potential of sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:201. [PMID: 35606751 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of a rotary agitation method or ultrasonically activated irrigation on the antibiofilm effect of a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and etidronate (1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate, HEBP) using a dual-species biofilm model in root canal system. Methods Mature dual-species biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus gordonii were formed in root canals of mandibular premolars. Teeth were randomly allotted (n = 12) to group 1, XP-endo Finisher (XPF); group 2, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI); group 3, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI). In all groups, canals were instrumented with a rotary instrument (XP-endo Shaper) prior to irrigant agitation/activation. A mixture containing 2.5% NaOCl and 9% HEBP was used throughout the experiment. Bacterial counts from the canal were determined using qPCR before preparation (S1), after preparation (S2), and after final irrigation agitation/activation (S3). Bacterial viability within the dentinal tubules in the coronal, middle and apical root-thirds was quantified using confocal microscopy after Live/Dead staining. The bacterial counts and viability were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s tests. Paired t-test was used to compare the bacterial counts within groups. Results Instrumentation alone could significantly reduce the microbial counts in all the groups (P < 0.0001). Subsequent agitation/activation resulted in significant microbial reduction only in XPF and UAI (P < 0.05), both of which reduced significantly more microbial counts than SNI (P < 0.05). Live/Dead staining revealed that XPF and UAI showed significantly greater percentage of dead bacteria within the dentinal tubules than SNI in the coronal third (P < 0.05); UAI resulted in the significantly highest percentage of dead bacteria in the middle third (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference between the groups in the apical third (P > 0.05). Conclusions When using the sodium hypochlorite/etidronate mixture for irrigation, final irrigant agitation/activation with XP-endo Finisher or ultrasonic can improve disinfection of the main root canal space and the dentinal tubules in the coronal third, while ultrasonically activated irrigation appears to exhibit better disinfection within dentinal tubules in the middle third. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02222-1.
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Chinchiyanont P, Yanpiset K, Banomyong D, Thongbai-On N. Shaping ability of non-adaptive and adaptive core nickel-titanium single-file systems with supplementary file in ribbon-shaped canals analysed by micro-computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:38-47. [PMID: 35255157 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared shaping ability between two single-file systems and before/after using supplementary file in untouched area, volume of removed dentin, maximum cut depth (the highest cut depth by main file) and remaining thinnest dentin (the thinnest root dentin after preparation). Ribbon-shaped distal canals of mandibular molars were prepared with non-adaptive core (WaveOne Gold) or adaptive core (XP-endo Shaper) files (n = 15/group) and additionally prepared with a supplementary file (XP-endo Finisher), and the shaping ability was investigated using micro-computed tomography. XP-endo Shaper group demonstrated significantly less overall untouched area than WaveOne Gold group (38.21 ± 6.98% vs. 47.68 ± 9.16%) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between XP-endo Shaper and WaveOne Gold groups in volume of removed dentin (1.85 ± 0.53 vs. 1.66 ± 0.33 mm3 ), maximum cut depth (0.10-0.28 vs. 0.10-0.29 mm) and remaining thinnest dentin (0.66-0.80 vs. 0.78-0.88 mm). Supplementary XP-endo Finisher treatment significantly decreased untouched area (11%-23% reduction) (p < 0.05) with minimally cut root dentin (0.01-0.02 mm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichat Chinchiyanont
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Yanpiset
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danuchit Banomyong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Teves A, Blanco D, Casaretto M, Torres J, Alvarado DE, Coaguila-Llerena H, Faria G, Jaramillo DE. Multispecies biofilm removal by XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation: A scanning electron microscopy study. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:91-97. [PMID: 34310795 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effect of XP-endo Finisher (XPF) on multispecies biofilm removal, in comparison with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifty mandibular first premolars were instrumented, longitudinally sectioned. The split halves were incubated for 4 days with a broth obtained from three bacteria strains: Enterococcus faecalis, Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus anginosus. Subsequently, the re-approximated split halves were irrigated with 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or water using CSI, and the final irrigation protocols were CSI with 4% NaOCl (CSI+4%NaOCl), PUI+4%NaOCl, XPF+4%NaOCl and CSI+water. The analysis of biofilm removal was performed using SEM images. There were no differences between PUI and XPF (P > 0.05), and both groups promoted higher biofilm removal than CSI+4%NaOCl and CSI+water groups (P < 0.05). It can be concluded the multispecies biofilm removal was significantly improved using XPF and PUI when compared to CSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Teves
- Stomatological research and training center, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Blanco
- Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia - UPCH, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario Casaretto
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM. Lima, Peru
| | - John Torres
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista - UPSJB, Lima, Peru
| | - Débora E Alvarado
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - UNMSM, Lima, Peru
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Jaramillo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ateş AA, Arıcan B, Çiftçioğlu E, Küçükay ES. Influence of different irrigation regimens on the dentinal tubule penetration of a bioceramic-based root canal sealer: a confocal analysis study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1771-1777. [PMID: 34148161 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the efficacy of various irrigation protocols on the dentinal tubule penetration of a bioceramic-based endodontic sealer. Sixty-four single-rooted extracted human mandibular incisors were used. After instrumentation, teeth were randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 16 each) according to the final irrigation technique: group 1, conventional endodontic needle (CEN); group 2, EndoActivator (EA); group 3, Er,Cr: YSGG laser; group 4, XP-endo Finisher (XPF). The root canals were finally irrigated with 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl for 1 min (min) respectively. The teeth were then obturated with Endosequence BC Points and rhodamine B dye-labeled BC Sealer. After 2 weeks, 1-mm-thick transverse sections were cut 2 and 5 mm from the apex, and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy at 5 × magnification. The total percentage of sealer penetration (TPSP), sealer penetration area (SPA), and maximum sealer penetration depth (MSPD) was measured. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's multiple comparison, and Wilcoxon tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. At 2 mm level, no significant differences were detected among the groups (P > 0.05). At the 5 mm level, the XPF group showed significantly higher values for both TPSP and SPA in comparison with the Er,Cr: YSGG laser and CEN groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed with the EA group. The choice of different final irrigation techniques can affect dentinal tubule penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayfer Atav Ateş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burçin Arıcan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Çiftçioğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Sedat Küçükay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhou J, Liu T, Guo L. Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation on intracanal medicament removal from root canals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:294. [PMID: 34107959 PMCID: PMC8191128 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) are commonly used in intracanal medicament removal. The effectiveness of these two techniques needs to be compared, and evidence-based research should be conducted. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to December 20th, 2020. The outcomes of the included trials were pooled into the Cochrane Collaboration’s Review Manager 5.3 software. Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool 2.0 was applied to assess the risk of bias. Results Nine articles were included in this systematic review and processed for data extraction, and eight studies were identified for meta-analysis. In general, the use of PUI showed better medicament removal effectiveness than XPF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96–4.86; P < 0.001). PUI was also significantly more efficient than XPF in the apical third (OR: 3.42; 95% CI, 1.32–8.84; P = 0.01). For trials using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone, PUI was also significantly more effective than XPF on intracanal medicaments removal (OR: 5.23; 95% CI, 2.79–9.82; P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between PUI and XPF when NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used in combination (OR: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.74–3.09; P = 0.26). In addition, for studies whose intracanal medicament periods were two weeks, the effectiveness of PUI was statistically better than the XPF (OR: 7.73; 95% CI, 3.71–16.07; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, for trials whose intracanal medicament time was one week or over two weeks, no differences between the XPF and PUI were found (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 0.74–3.22; P = 0.25) (OR: 1.42; 95% CI, 0.44–4.61; P = 0.56). Conclusions The meta-analysis is the first study to quantitatively compare the effectiveness of XPF and PUI techniques on intracanal medicaments removal. With rigorous eligibility criteria, the study only included high-quality randomised controlled trials. The study indicated that PUI might be superior over XPF techniques for removing intracanal medicaments from artificial standardized grooves and cavities in the root canal system. The anatomical areas, irrigation protocol, and intracanal medicaments time may influence the cleaning efficacy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01644-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.
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Güven Y, Uygun AD, Arslan H. Efficacy of EDDY, ultrasonic activation, XP-endo Finisher and needle irrigation on the removal of mTAP from artificially created grooves in root canals. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:639-644. [PMID: 34105219 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the effect of needle irrigation (NI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EDDY and the use of the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) on the removal of modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) from artificially created grooves in root canals. Forty-eight maxillary incisors were prepared up to size 50, with a standard groove on one surface of the root canal wall and filled with mTAP. Re-attached roots were analysed based on the activation techniques applied for 180 s with 5 ml 3% sodium hypochlorite. The results showed that EDDY was more effective at removing mTAP than PUI, XPF and needle irrigation (P < 0.05), whereas XPF and PUI were significantly more effective than needle irrigation. (P < 0.05). No significant difference in mTAP removal was observed between XPF and PUI (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that the removal of mTAP can be more efficiently achieved with EDDY than with XPF, PUI or NI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Güven
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirhan Uygun
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Dental Faculty Department of Endodontics, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gazzaneo I, Amoroso-Silva P, Pacheco-Yanes J, Alves FRF, Marceliano-Alves M, Olivares P, Meto A, Mdala I, Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Disinfecting and Shaping Type I C-shaped Root Canals: A Correlative Micro-computed Tomographic and Molecular Microbiology Study. J Endod 2020; 47:621-630. [PMID: 33220400 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This ex vivo study compared the disinfection and shaping abilities of 2 preparation protocols in C-shaped canals. METHODS Mandibular second molars with type I C-shaped canals were pair matched based on micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and distributed into 2 groups. The canals were contaminated with a mixed bacterial culture and prepared using 2 protocols, both with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigation: XP-endo Shaper (FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) supplemented with XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire) (XP-E) and BioRaCe (FKG Dentaire) supplemented with a Hedström file (Dentsply/Sirona, Tulsa, OK) (BR-Hed). Micro-CT scans and intracanal bacteriologic samples were taken before (scan #1 and sample 1) and after preparation (scan #2 and sample 2) and after the supplementary step (scan #3 and sample 3). Canal shaping was evaluated by micro-CT imaging, and disinfection was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Micro-CT data from the XP-E (n = 21) and BR-Hed (n = 23) protocols revealed no significant differences between groups regarding shaping parameters (canal volume, surface area, structure model index, and prepared walls) after preparation and after the supplementary step (P > .05). All these parameters significantly increased after each preparation step (P < .05), except for structure model index changes after the XP-endo Finisher (P > .05). Bacteriologic data from the XP-E (n = 21) and BR-Hed (n = 22) groups showed that 14 (66.7%) and 10 (45.5%) S2 samples still had detectable bacteria, respectively. The corresponding figures for supplementary steps with the XP-endo Finisher and Hedström file were 11 (52.4%) and 10 (45.5%), respectively. Bacterial counts in sample 1 significantly decreased in samples 2 and 3 in both groups (P < .01). Intragroup comparison between sample 2 and sample 3 showed a 66% reduction in counts after using the Hedström file and 18% after using the XP-endo Finisher (P > .05 for both groups). The quantitative bacterial reduction was not different between groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The XP-endo Shaper and BioRaCe systems have similar disinfecting and shaping abilities in C-shaped canals. Supplementary steps with the Hedström file and the XP-endo Finisher were similarly effective in improving shaping, but this was not sufficient to enhance disinfection. About half of the cases, in both groups, still harbored detectable amounts of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isbelia Gazzaneo
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pablo Amoroso-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Londrina State University, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juan Pacheco-Yanes
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio R F Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Marceliano-Alves
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Olivares
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aida Meto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ibrahimu Mdala
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Villalta-Briones N, Baca P, Bravo M, Solana C, Aguado-Pérez B, Ruiz-Linares M, Arias-Moliz MT. A laboratory study of root canal and isthmus disinfection in extracted teeth using various activation methods with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid. Int Endod J 2020; 54:268-278. [PMID: 32970865 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the antibiofilm activity of several irrigating protocols including conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher, with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid in infected isthmuses and root canals of extracted human mandibular molar teeth. METHODOLOGY Fifty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars, half of them with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the apical third between the two root canals (type 1), and the other half with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the middle third and one canal in the apical third (type 2), were included. The root canals were contaminated for 7 days with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension. There were three experimental groups plus a control group (n = 7 per type of root canal anatomy). All the root canals, except for the control group that was not treated, were chemomechanically prepared and then assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the final adjunctive procedure: conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation or XP-endo Finisher activation. The irrigating solution used was a combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 9% etidronic acid, and the final protocols were applied for three cycles of 30 s with a 3 mL volume. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated at each location (root canal and isthmus) and third (cervical, middle and apical) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (descriptive statistics) and SUDAAN (P-value calculations). RESULTS Root canals had significantly lower biovolume values than the isthmuses (P < 0.05). The biovolume in the root canals was significantly reduced in all the experimental groups in all the thirds except for conventional irrigation in the apical third (P > 0.05). In the cervical and middle thirds, ultrasonic activation was associated with the lowest biovolumes (P < 0.05), followed by XP-endo Finisher. In the isthmus, disinfection was similar in all the thirds for all the protocols. Conventional irrigation was associated with intermediate values with no significant differences from the control group or from the activated protocols (P > 0.05), although the latter were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). No differences were found between ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher in the middle and apical thirds (P > 0.05) in the isthmuses. CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory study on extracted teeth, the isthmus was more difficult to disinfect than root canals. In the root canals, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher had a greater effectiveness than conventional irrigation. In the isthmuses, no differences were observed between the two activation techniques and conventional irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Villalta-Briones
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Bravo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Solana
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Aguado-Pérez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Denna J, Shafie LA, Alsofi L, Al-Habib M, AlShwaimi E. Efficacy of the Rotary Instrument XP-Endo Finisher in the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament in Combination with Different Irrigation Techniques: A Microtomographic Study. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13102222. [PMID: 32408644 PMCID: PMC7288082 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the rotary instrument XP-endo Finisher for the removal of Ca(OH)2 aided by different irrigation regimens. METHODS Sixteen double-rooted upper premolar human teeth were selected for the study. Thirty-two canals were prepared using a ProTaper Next rotary system up to X3. Then, the canals were filled with Ca(OH)2. The volume of Ca(OH)2 inside the canals was measured by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). After that, the teeth were randomly allocated into two experimental groups, i.e., A and B (n = 16 canals). In group A, Ca(OH)2 was removed using the master apical file (X3). In group B, Ca(OH)2 was removed using a XP-endo finisher. In half of both groups (n = 8), syringe irrigation (SI) was used, while passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was used for the other half. After removal, the remaining volume of Ca(OH)2 was measured. All data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The percentages of remaining Ca(OH)2 in the apical thirds of all canals were significantly higher as compared with the middle and coronal thirds in all groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between different files and techniques (p > 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study presents a new method for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameela Denna
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Lubna A Shafie
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University affiliated to Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5-55318481
| | - Mey Al-Habib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.D.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Emad AlShwaimi
- Endodontic Division, Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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Sasanakul P, Ampornaramveth RS, Chivatxaranukul P. Influence of Adjuncts to Irrigation in the Disinfection of Large Root Canals. J Endod 2019; 45:332-337. [PMID: 30803542 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection methods and determine the most promising irrigation protocol for regenerative endodontics in teeth with large root canals. METHODS Sterilized root samples with 0.8-mm wide apical foramen (n = 94) were prepared from human mandibular premolars. Ninety-two samples were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days and biofilm formation was verified using scanning electron microscopy (n = 2). The 90 infected samples were randomly assigned into 9 groups: no intervention (initial), 1.5% NaOCl irrigation (1.5 N), 2.5% NaOCl irrigation (2.5 N), 1.5 N + intermittent passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), 1.5 N + intermittent canal brushing with Navitip FX (NFX), 1.5 N + intermittent XP-endo Finisher (XPF), 1.5 N + circumferential filing (CF), 1.5 N + 1-min Self-adjusting File (SAF), and 1.5 N + mechanical instrumentation using #90‒110 files (MI). Subsequently, the root canal walls were shaved for microbial analysis. The mean colony-forming units (CFUs) were determined and analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean CFU count was lowest in the MI group (63.5 CFU/mL), followed by the NFX, XPF, SAF, 2.5 N, CF, PUI, 1.5 N, and initial groups. The remaining bacteria in the 1.5 N group was 3.6-fold higher than that of the PUI group; 4- to 5-fold higher than that of the 2.5 N, CF, and SAF groups; and 22-fold and 36-fold higher than that of the XPF and NFX groups, respectively. The 2.5 N and 1.5 N groups with adjunctive treatments, excluding the PUI group, had significantly fewer remaining bacteria compared with the 1.5 N group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Performing various procedures supplemental to 1.5 N improved large root canal disinfection. Adjunctive NFX most effectively reduced the number of bacteria without dentin removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnwad Sasanakul
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jayakumaar A, Ganesh A, Kalaiselvam R, Rajan M, Deivanayagam K. Evaluation of debris and smear layer removal with XP-endo finisher: A scanning electron microscopic study. Indian J Dent Res 2019; 30:420-423. [PMID: 31397419 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_655_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The presence of smear layer and debris can prevent the irrigant and sealer from penetrating the dentinal tubules thereby compromising the seal of the root canal filling. AIM This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with ProTaper Next and HyFlex in smear layer and debris removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Thirty-two extracted mandibular premolar teeth were selected and sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The roots were then randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1 and 2, canals were instrumented with X2 ProTaper Next (25 0.06 taper). In group 3 and 4, canals were instrumented with HyFlex system (25 0.06 taper). The canals in group 2 and 4 were further finished with XP-endo Finisher. Irrigation was carried out using 3% sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was used as the final rinse. The roots were then split longitudinally. The canal wall was observed under the scanning electron microscope in coronal, middle, and apical thirds at a magnification of ×400 and ×1000 for evaluation of debris and smear layer, respectively. Photomicrographs were taken, and qualitative assessment for debris and smear layer removal was done. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Lower debris and smear layer scores were seen in canal thirds instrumented with ProTaper Next and XP-endo Finisher (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The use of XP-endo Finisher as an adjuvant during shaping and cleaning produced cleaner root canal walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jayakumaar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arathi Ganesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswari Kalaiselvam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathan Rajan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandaswamy Deivanayagam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Keskin C, Güler DH, Sarıyılmaz E. Effect of intracanal time of triple antibiotic paste on its removal from simulated immature roots using passive ultrasonic irrigation and XP-endo Finisher. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2018; 12:288-293. [PMID: 30774796 PMCID: PMC6368951 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2018.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques in the removal of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), which was applied for 7, 21 or 90 days, from simulated root canals of immature teeth.
Methods. The root canal spaces of 190 maxillary canine teeth were filled with TAP and randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups according to the intracanal medicament period (7, 21 or 90 days). Syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and XP-endo Finisher (XP) were used for the removal of TAP (n=20). The amount of remaining medicament was calculated under a stereomicroscope using a 4-grade scoring system. Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon signedrank tests were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05).
Results. The mean percentage of residual TAP was significantly greater in the SI group compared to PUI and XP at all the time intervals (P<0.05). Paste removal efficacy of PUI was not affected by the intracanal time of TAP (P>0.05), whereas the efficacy of SI and XP was significantly affected (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected between PUI and XP at 7- and 21-day intervals (P>0.05); however, at 90-day interval, PUI removed significantly greater amount of TAP than XP did (P<0.05).
Conclusion. The time of the TAP in the root canal negatively affected the removal efficacy of the SI and XP-Endo Finisher; however, it did not affect the efficacy of the PUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangul Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Duygu Hazal Güler
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Evren Sarıyılmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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De-Deus G, Belladonna FG, de Siqueira Zuolo A, Perez R, Carvalho MS, Souza EM, Lopes RT, Silva EJNL. Micro-CT comparison of XP-endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation as final irrigation protocols on the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris from oval shaped-canals. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3087-3093. [PMID: 30417226 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of the XP-endo Finisher instrument and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) as final irrigation protocols on the removal of accumulated hard-tissue debris (AHTD) from oval-shaped canals using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. METHODS Twenty mandibular incisors were anatomically pair-matched based on similar morphological dimensions (length, volume, aspect ratio, and configuration) through micro-CT analysis, prepared with Reciproc R25 instrument, scanned again, and assigned to one of the two experimental groups (n = 10), according to the final irrigation protocol: XP-endo Finisher and PUI. After the final irrigation protocols, the specimens were rescanned and the registered datasets were examined to quantify the amount of AHTD. Data were statistically analyzed using Student's t test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The final irrigation protocols were highly similar in terms of volumetric percentage reduction of AHTD (P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS XP-endo Finisher and PUI showed the same effectiveness on the removal of AHTD. None of the tested final irrigation protocols completely removed the AHTD from oval-shaped root canals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AHTD may be considered clinically relevant because it could harbor bacterial contents away from the disinfection procedures. Both final irrigation protocols were effective on the removal of AHTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Av. Henrique Dodsworth 85 Apto 808 - Lagoa, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22061-030, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Av. Henrique Dodsworth 85 Apto 808 - Lagoa, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22061-030, Brazil
| | - Arthur de Siqueira Zuolo
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Av. Henrique Dodsworth 85 Apto 808 - Lagoa, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22061-030, Brazil
| | - Renata Perez
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Av. Henrique Dodsworth 85 Apto 808 - Lagoa, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22061-030, Brazil
| | - Marco Simões Carvalho
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Av. Henrique Dodsworth 85 Apto 808 - Lagoa, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22061-030, Brazil
| | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Karamifar K, Mehrasa N, Pardis P, Saghiri MA. Cleanliness of Canal Walls following Gutta-Percha Removal with Hand Files, RaCe and RaCe plus XP-Endo Finisher Instruments: A Photographic in Vitro Analysis. Iran Endod J 2017; 12:242-247. [PMID: 28512494 PMCID: PMC5431710 DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gutta-percha must be removed from the root canal space during retreatment to ensure a more favorable outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of hand instruments, RaCe and RaCe plus XP-endo finisher instruments in removal of gutta-percha from root canal walls during retreatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty single-rooted premolars were prepared, obturated, and divided into three groups according to retreatment method; in group 1, retreatment was carried out by hand instruments, while in groups 2 and 3 retreatment was done using RaCe rotary files alone or accompanied by XP-endo finisher instruments, respectively. After retreatment, teeth were sectioned longitudinally and photographic images were taken. The amount of remaining gutta-percha in coronal, middle and apical thirds was quantified using Image J software. The two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests were used to analyze data. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS RaCe cleaned the apical third significantly better than hand instrumentation. In the coronal third, RaCe+XP-endo finisher was more effective than RaCe. RaCe+XP-endo finisher was more effective than hand instrumentation in the entire root canal. The amount of remaining gutta-percha was the least in the apical part and increased toward the coronal part with the use of XP-endo finisher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Rotary instrumentation was more effective in removing gutta-percha from the canal walls. Furthermore, use of XP-endo finisher file resulted in cleaner canal walls and was more effective in removing gutta-percha from the coronal toward the apical part of the canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Karamifar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Mehrasa
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pouyan Pardis
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Saghiri
- Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Bao P, Shen Y, Lin J, Haapasalo M. In Vitro Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with 2 Different Protocols on Biofilm Removal from Apical Root Canals. J Endod 2017; 43:321-5. [PMID: 27939826 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the XP-endo Finisher (XPF; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) in biofilm removal in comparison with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using an infected tooth model with an artificial apical groove. METHODS Fifty-four extracted human single-rooted premolars were selected. Each tooth was split longitudinally into 2 halves, with a groove made in the apical segment of the canal wall. After growing mixed bacteria biofilm for 4 weeks, the split halves were reassembled and instrumented using Vortex Blue files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) to size 40/.06. The instrumented teeth were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 8) according to the final irrigation protocol. Three different techniques (CNI, PUI, and XPF) were performed each with either continuous irrigation or 3-step irrigation. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken to evaluate the amount of residual biofilm inside and outside the groove. RESULTS Robust growth of biofilm was observed in each canal of the controls after 4 weeks. XPF showed the best biofilm removal efficacy inside and outside the groove followed by PUI and CNI (P < .05). The XPF 2 group using the 3-step protocol showed better antibiofilm efficiency than the XPF 1 group with continuous irrigation inside the groove (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The XP-endo Finisher, as an irrigation agitation technique, may help to remove biofilm from hard-to-reach areas in the root canal system. The 3-step irrigation protocol was more effective than continuous irrigation when XPF was used.
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Elnaghy AM, Mandorah A, Elsaka SE. Effectiveness of XP-endo Finisher, EndoActivator, and File agitation on debris and smear layer removal in curved root canals: a comparative study. Odontology 2016; 105:178-183. [PMID: 27206916 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-016-0251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the XP-endo Finisher (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) file on debris and smear layer removal in curved root canals in comparison to different irrigation regimens. Seventy-five freshly extracted human mandibular molar teeth with mesial root curved more than 20° were used in this study. The mesial root canals were mechanically prepared using the BT-Race rotary system (FKG Dentaire) and divided into five groups (n = 15) according to the following irrigation techniques: positive control, non-agitated, File agitation, XP-endo Finisher, and EndoActivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialities, Tulsa, OK, USA). Root canals were split longitudinally and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Five-grade scoring system was used to assess the presence of debris and smear layer at the coronal, middle, and apical regions. The XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator groups revealed significantly lower debris and smear layer scores than the other groups at the coronal, middle, and apical regions (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator groups (P > 0.05). The apical region had higher debris and smear layer scores compared with the coronal regions in all groups (P < 0.05), except for the positive control group; there was no significant difference between the three regions of the root canal (P > 0.05). Irrigation of curved root canals using XP-endo Finisher and EndoActivator methods appears to be more effective on debris and smear layer removal than the other tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Elnaghy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Mandorah
- Dental Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaymaa E Elsaka
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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