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Arora D, Sharma N, Singamaneni V, Sharma V, Kushwaha M, Abrol V, Guru S, Sharma S, Gupta AP, Bhushan S, Jaglan S, Gupta P. Isolation and characterization of bioactive metabolites from Xylaria psidii, an endophytic fungus of the medicinal plant Aegle marmelos and their role in mitochondrial dependent apoptosis against pancreatic cancer cells. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1312-1320. [PMID: 27765350 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Xylaria has been reported as a rich source of biologically active secondary metabolites. In the present study, an endophytic fungus Xylaria psidii has been isolated from the leaf sample of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., characterized on the basis of its morphological features and sequence data for the ITS region (KU291350) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biological screening of ethyl acetate extract of Xylaria psidii displayed a potential therapeutic effect on pancreatic cancer cells. HYPOTHESIS This study was designed systematically to explore Xylaria psidii, an endophytic fungus for the identification of biologically active secondary metabolites against pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS While exploring the bioactive secondary metabolites, a sensitive and reliable LC-MS based dereplication approach was applied to identify four compounds A-D from fungal extract. Further bioactivity guided isolation of fungal extract yielded two major metabolites 1 and 2. The structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis including MS, NMR, IR and UV data and similarity with published data. Xylarione A (1) is new whereas (-) 5-methylmellein (2) is reported for the first time from X. psidii. Both the isolated compounds were screened for their effect on the viability and proliferation against a panel of cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MIA-Pa-Ca-2, NCI-H226, HepG2 and DU145) of different tissue origin. RESULTS Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer (MIA-Pa-Ca-2) cells with IC50 values of 16.0 and 19.0 µm, respectively. The cell cycle distribution in MIA-Pa-Ca-2 cells, confirmed a cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase. Cell death induced by 1 and 2 displayed features characteristic of apoptosis. Flow cytometry based analysis of 1 and 2 using Rhodamine-123 displayed substantial loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration dependent manner by both the compounds. CONCLUSION Results conclude that the isolated compounds 1 and 2 are responsible for the activity shown by crude ethyl acetate extract and may act as potential leads for medicinal chemists for designing more potent analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Venugopal Singamaneni
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Manoj Kushwaha
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Santosh Guru
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sonia Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Quality Control & Quality Assurance Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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