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Jiao JY, Cheng CS, Cao ZQ, Chen LY, Chen Z. Evidence-Based Dampness-Heat ZHENG (Syndrome) in Cancer: Current Progress toward Establishing Relevant Animal Model with Pancreatic Tumor. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:85-95. [PMID: 35723813 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting the health of human beings. With limited therapeutic options available, complementary and alternative medicine has been widely adopted in cancer management and is increasingly becoming accepted by both patients and healthcare workers alike. Chinese medicine characterized by its unique diagnostic and treatment system is the most widely applied complementary and alternative medicine. It emphasizes symptoms and ZHENG (syndrome)-based treatment combined with contemporary disease diagnosis and further stratifies patients into individualized medicine subgroups. As a representative cancer with the highest degree of malignancy, pancreatic cancer is traditionally classified into the "amassment and accumulation". Emerging perspectives define the core pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer as "dampness-heat" and the respective treatment "clearing heat and resolving dampness" has been demonstrated to prolong survival in pancreatic cancer patients, as has been observed in many other cancers. This clinical advantage encourages an exploration of the essence of dampness-heat ZHENG (DHZ) in cancer and investigation into underlying mechanisms of action of herbal formulations against dampness-heat. However, at present, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular characteristics of DHZ in cancer and no standardized and widely accepted animal model to study this core syndrome in vivo. The shortage of animal models limits the ability to uncover the antitumor mechanisms of herbal medicines and to assess the safety profile of the natural products derived from them. This review summarizes the current research on DHZ in cancer in terms of the clinical aspects, molecular landscape, and animal models. This study aims to provide comprehensive insight that can be used for the establishment of a future standardized ZHENG-based cancer animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ying Jiao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhang-Qi Cao
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Sui X, Guo Y, Ni W, Jin H, Lin H, Xie T. Molecular profiling analysis for colorectal cancer patients with Pi-Xu or Shi-Re syndrome. Integr Med Res 2019; 8:21-5. [PMID: 30596015 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes (ZHENG in Chinese) constitute the basis of understanding the disorders of patients and guiding the use of the Chinese herbs. Colorectal cancer is divided into various subtypes mainly according to the ZHENG identification. Objective We aimed to determine the molecular basis underlying Pi-Xu (spleen deficiency) and Shi-Re (dampness-heat) ZHENG that are commonly found in colorectal cancer patients. Methods About 80 colorectal cancer patients, including 47 Pi-Xu ZHENG and 33 Shi-Re ZHENG were enrolled. Blood and tissue samples of these patients were available for protein and mRNA expression. The protein expression was determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and mRNA profiling was detected by expression microarray. Furthermore, mRNA fold change was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Results The colorectal cancer patients with Shi-Re ZHENG had a poor prognosis, compared with Pi-Xu ZHENG (95% CI: 0.05–0.33; p < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in protein expression levels (especially for mutant TP53, PCNA, PD-L1 and Ki-67) among Pi-Xu and Shi-Re ZHENG (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, mRNA expression (especially for wild type TP53, KDM6A, PCNA, PD-L1, Ki-67, CCL-2, IL-1a and COX-2) was also remarkably different between Pi-Xu and Shi-Re groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion Our results suggest that Shi-Re ZHENG conditions may contribute to poor overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Compared with Pi-Xu ZHENG, high expression of mutant TP53, PCNA, PD-L1, Ki-67, CCL-2, IL-1a and COX-2 may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer patients displayed Shi-Re ZHENG.
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Wang FJ, Wang P, Chen LY, Geng YW, Chen H, Meng ZQ, Liu LM, Chen Z. TAM Infiltration Differences in "Tumor-First" and " ZHENG-First" Models and the Underlying Inflammatory Molecular Mechanism in Pancreatic Cancer. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:707-716. [PMID: 29681184 PMCID: PMC6142096 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418771193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Syndrome (ZHENG in Chinese) in
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the intrinsic characteristics of a
pathological process at a certain stage; these characteristics are influenced by
internal and external environments and reveal the nature of a disease. Proper
syndrome differentiation is the basic principle that guides clinical treatment.
Objective: To have a good understanding of tumor progression
and the different mechanisms related to ZHENG that have
occurred before and after tumor development and to explore the valid evaluation
criteria of different pancreatic cancer syndromes to improve the guiding role of
TCM syndrome differentiation in pancreatic cancer treatment.
Methods: In this study, we established mouse subcutaneous
pancreatic cancer models, namely, Con (control), Pi-Xu (Spleen-Deficiency),
Shi-Re (Dampness-Heat), and Xue-Yu (Blood-Stasis). Then, for the first time, we
compared the different effects of “ZHENG-first” (referring to a
different disease status that occurred before tumor occurrence) and
“Tumor-first” (referring to the change in the tumor microenvironment and the
resulting changes in the state of the body) conditions on tumor progression and
evaluated the associated molecular mechanisms. Results: We found
that tumor growth in the “ZHENG-first” and “Tumor-first”
conditions was different. In the “Tumor-first” model, the tumor growth in the
Pi-Xu group was faster than that in the other groups. However, in the
“ZHENG-first” model, the tumor growth trend was most
obvious in the Shi-Re group. There was a difference in tumor-associated
macrophage infiltration between the 2 models. The expression levels of the
inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3 were also
differentially altered. Conclusion: The emergence of
ZHENG conditions before or after tumor occurrence had
different impacts on pancreatic cancer development, and these impacts may be
related to differences in tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and the
involved inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and P-STAT3. The
study results uncovered the molecular basis of syndrome differentiation in
pancreatic cancer progression, which might provide more specific guidance for
TCM treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Wang
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Wen Geng
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Meng
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Ming Liu
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- 1 Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Z, Li J, Xie Y, Yu X, Zhang Z. Traditional Chinese medicine ZHENG identification of bronchial asthma: Clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases. Complement Ther Med 2017; 30:93-101. [PMID: 28137533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to employ more comprehensive approaches to analyze the primary and secondary symptoms of clinical common TCM ZHENG of bronchial asthma according to the clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases. METTHODS Patients met the inclusion criteria were surveyed by associate chief physician or chief physician through the TCM Clinical investigation questionnaire containing general demographic information, signs and symptoms, tongue and pulse conditions. Firstly, absolute frequency, cumulative frequency, Chi-squared test were adopted to reflect the clinical common ZHENG in three asthma stages, then the logistic regression analyses, the frequency methods were combined to distinguish the primary and secondary symptoms of the common ZHENG. RESULTS Of the 2500 questionnaires, 2428 valid questionnaires were got, with the number in acute exacerbation stage was 1273, and that 586 in chronic persistent stage, and 569 in clinical remission stage, in which the number of excess syndromes, the deficiency-excess complex syndromes and deficiency syndromes corresponding to the above three stage respectively accounted on 55.7%, 69.97%, and 76.50%. According to the distribution of each ZHENG, ten clinical common ZHENG were distinguished by criteria of the frequency percent value at least 10.0% and cumulative percent value reach to 70% or above. Then based on the OR and frequency value of each symptom, the primary symptoms were tentative identified by OR value≧3 with percent value≧50%, and that of the secondary symptoms were OR value between 1 and 3 with percent value between 25% and 50%. CONCLUSIONS Ten common ZHENG of asthma with each primary and secondary symptoms in three stages are identified through the clinical investigation: Exterior cold with interior fluid retention, Phlegm-turbidity obstructing the lung, Phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, Wind-phlegm obstructing the lung, Blood stasis, Qi deficiency of the lung, Qi deficiency of the lung and spleen, Qi deficiency of the lung and kidney, Qi and Yin deficiency of the lung and kidney, Yang deficiency of the lung and kidney.
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Wang Y, Zhou S, Wang M, Liu S, Hu Y, He C, Li P, Wan JB. UHPLC/Q-TOFMS-based metabolomics for the characterization of cold and hot properties of Chinese materia medica. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 179:234-242. [PMID: 26747020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The cold/hot property of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and the application of its corresponding knowledge in the diagnosis, differentiation and treatment of diseases have been considered to be the extremely important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As highly abstracted TCM theory, the cold/hot property of CMMs is still not fully understood and remains to be elucidated by systems biology approach. The cold and hot properties of CMM are mainly defined by the response of the body to a given CMM. Metabolomics is a promising systems biology method to profile entire endogenous metabolites and monitor their fluctuations related to an exogenous stimulus. Thus, a metabolomics approach was applied to characterize the cold and hot properties of CMMs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mice were intragastrically administered three selected cold property CMMs (i.e., Rheum palmatum L., radix et rhizoma; Coptis chinensis Franch, rhizome and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, radix) and three hot property CMMs (i.e., Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, cortex; Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., fructus) once daily for one week. The comprehensive metabolome changes in the plasma of mice after treatment with cold or hot property CMMs were characterized by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS), and the potential biomarkers related to cold and hot properties of CMM were explored. RESULTS Metabolites perturbation in plasma occurs after treatment with cold CMMs and hot CMMs in mice, and 15 and 16 differential biomarkers were identified to be associated with the cold and hot properties of CMMs, respectively. Among them, LPC (18:0), LPC (18:1), LPC (20:4) and LPC (20:5) showed decreased trends in the cold property CMM treated groups, but increased in the hot property CMM treated groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong connection between the cold/hot property of CMMs and lysophosphatidylcholines metabolism. This study offers new insight into CMM properties and their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Shujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China.
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