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Tessaro PS, do Nascimento Tomaz M, Farias G, de Paula CP, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Cunha A, Pimenta BF, Terenzi HF, Mendes SR, Gariani RA, Xavier FR. Enhancing the biological properties of zinc complexes with bis(indolyl)methane groups: Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction, and biocide activity. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111973. [PMID: 36027843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented mononucleated ligand (6,6-di(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)hexan-1-amine (LC5) with an N3-donor set and its complexes [Zn(LC5)Cl2] • 2CH3OH (1) and [Zn(LC5)2](ClO4)2 (2), were successfully prepared. All compounds were fully characterized by a suite of physicochemical methods. Fluid 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, as well as DFT and TD-DFT calculations, were carried out to propose a viable structural arrangement for both complexes. The interaction between these compounds and DNA was monitored in the UV region where binding constants (Kb) were estimated (2 > 1 > LC5). These data were corroborated by DNA cleavage assays using groove binders, circular dichroism, and docking studies. Both complexes confirmed their biocide activity against selected microorganisms: Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, the filamentous fungi A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of 1 and 2 were tested against the erythroleukemia K562 cell line. For all biological studies, it was probed that the presence of the indole moieties and the zinc atoms in the chemical composition of the complexes studied could increase the magnitude of the activity following the order: 2 > 1 > LC5, where a linear relationship between the biological activity upon K562 cells (IC50) and DNA binding studies (Kb) was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S Tessaro
- Laboratório Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville CEP 89219-710, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele do Nascimento Tomaz
- Laboratório Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville CEP 89219-710, SC, Brazil; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Giliandro Farias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia - LABINC, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla P de Paula
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina C Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz F Pimenta
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Hernan F Terenzi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Estrutural, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis CEP 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Mendes
- Laboratório Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville CEP 89219-710, SC, Brazil
| | - Rogério A Gariani
- Laboratório Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville CEP 89219-710, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Xavier
- Laboratório Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Joinville CEP 89219-710, SC, Brazil.
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Zhou Z, Du LQ, Huang XM, Zhu LG, Wei QC, Qin QP, Bian H. Novel glycosylation zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes perturb mitophagy pathways and trigger cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy in SK-OV-3/DDP cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114743. [PMID: 36116236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of shedding some light on the mechanism of action of zinc(II) complexes in antiproliferative processes and molecular signaling pathways, three novel glycosylated zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes, i.e., [Zn(QA1)Cl2] (Zn(QA1)), [Zn(QA2)Cl2] (Zn(QA2)), and [Zn(QA3)Cl2] (Zn(QA3)), were prepared by conjugating a glucose moiety with cryptolepine, followed by complexation of the resulting glycosylated cryptolepine compounds N-((1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-amine (QA1), 2-(4-((benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-ylamino)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol (QA2), and (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-(4-((benzofuro[3,2-b]quinolin-11-ylamino)-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (QA3) with zinc(II), and their anticancer activity was evaluated. In MTT assays, Zn(QA1)-Zn(QA3) were more active against cisplatin-resistant ovarian SK-OV-3/DDP cancer cells (SK-OV-3cis) than ZnCl2 and the QA1-QA3 ligands, with IC50 values of 1.81 ± 0.50, 2.92 ± 0.32, and 1.01 ± 0.11 μM, respectively. Complexation of glycosylated cryptolepine QA3 with zinc(II) increased the antiproliferative activity of the ligand, suggesting that Zn(QA3) could act as a chaperone to deliver the active ligand intracellularly, in contrast with other cryptolepine metal complexes previously reported. In vivo and in vitro investigations suggested that Zn(QA3) exhibited enhanced anticancer activity with treatment effects comparable to those of the clinical drug cisplatin. Furthermore, Zn(QA1)-Zn(QA3) triggered SK-OV-3cis cell apoptosis through mitophagy pathways in the order Zn(QA1) > Zn(QA1) > Zn(QA2). These results demonstrate the potential of glycosylated zinc(II)-cryptolepine complexes for the development of chemotherapy drugs against cisplatin-resistant SK-OV-3cis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities (Guangxi Minzu University), Nanning, 530006, China; Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Ling-Qi Du
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Li-Gang Zhu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China.
| | - Qiao-Chang Wei
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin, 537000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Hedong Bian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities (Guangxi Minzu University), Nanning, 530006, China.
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Zianna A, Geromichalou E, Geromichalos G, Fiotaki AM, Hatzidimitriou AG, Kalogiannis S, Psomas G. Zinc(II) complexes of 3,5-dibromo-salicylaldehyde and α-diimines: Synthesis, characterization and in vitro and in silico biological profile. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111659. [PMID: 34801971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of five neutral zinc(II) complexes of 3,5-dibromo-salicyladehyde (3,5-diBr-saloH) in the presence of nitrogen-donor co-ligands 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neoc), or 2,2'-bipyridylamine (bipyam) was undertaken and complexes [Zn(3,5-diBr-salo)2(H2O)2] (1), [Zn(3,5-diBr-salo)2(bipy)] (2), [Zn(3,5-diBr-salo)2(phen)].3,5-diBr-saloΗ (3), [Zn(3,5-diBr-salo)2(neoc)] (4) and [Zn(3,5-diBr-salo)2(bipyam)] (5) were characterized by various techniques. The crystal structures of complexes 3 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing the co-existence of two different coordination modes of 3,5-diBr-salo- ligands. The new complexes show selective in vitro antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains. The complexes may scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and reduce H2O2. The complexes may intercalate in-between the calf-thymus DNA-bases and have exhibited low-to-moderate ability to cleave supercoiled circular pBR322 plasmid DNA. The complexes may bind tightly and reversibly to bovine and human serum albumins. In order to explain the in vitro activity of the compounds, molecular docking studies were adopted on the crystal structure of calf-thymus DNA, human and bovine serum albumin, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus DNA-gyrase, 5-lipoxygenase, and 5-lipoxygenase activating protein. The employed in silico studies aimed to explore the ability of the compounds to bind to these target biomacromolecules, establishing a possible mechanism of action and were in accordance with the in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Zianna
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Greece.
| | - Elena Geromichalou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Geromichalos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Greece
| | - Augusta-Maria Fiotaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios G Hatzidimitriou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Greece
| | - Stavros Kalogiannis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Psomas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR 54124, Greece.
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Andrejević TP, Warżajtis B, Glišić BĐ, Vojnovic S, Mojicevic M, Stevanović NL, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Rychlewska U, Djuran MI. Zinc(II) complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocycles as antifungal agents: Synergistic activity with clinically used drug nystatin. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 208:111089. [PMID: 32442762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three novel Zn(II) complexes, [ZnCl2(qz)2] (1), [ZnCl2(1,5-naph)]n (2) and [ZnCl2(4,7-phen)2] (3), where qz is quinazoline, 1,5-naph is 1,5-naphthyridine and 4,7-phen is 4,7-phenanthroline, were synthesized by the reactions of ZnCl2 and the corresponding N-heterocyclic ligand in 1:2 molar ratio in ethanol at ambient temperature. The characterization of these complexes was done by NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complexes 1 and 3 are mononuclear species, in which Zn(II) ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by two nitrogen atoms belonging to two qz or 4,7-phen ligands, respectively, and by two chloride anions, while complex 2 is a 1D coordination polymer that contains 1,5-naph as bridging ligand between two metal ions. In agar disc-diffusion assay, complexes 1-3 manifested good inhibitory activity against two investigated Candida strains (C. albicans and C. parapsilosis), while not inducing toxic effects on the healthy human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). This activity was not fungicidal, as revealed by the broth microdilution assay, however complex 3 showed the ability to modulate Candida hyphae formation, which is an important process during infection and showed significant synergistic effect with clinically used antifungal polyene nystatin.
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Matos CP, Addis Y, Nunes P, Barroso S, Alho I, Martins M, Matos APA, Marques F, Cavaco I, Costa Pessoa J, Correia I. Exploring the cytotoxic activity of new phenanthroline salicylaldimine Zn(II) complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 198:110727. [PMID: 31195153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(II) complexes bearing N-salicylideneglycinate (Sal-Gly) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or phenanthroline derivatives [NN = 5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-amine-1,10-phenanthroline (amphen), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) and 5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline] are synthesized. Complexes formulated as [Zn(NN)2(H2O)2]2+(NN = phen and amphen), are also prepared. The cytotoxicity of the compounds is evaluated towards a panel of human cancer cells: ovarian (A2780), breast (MCF7) and cervical (HeLa), as well as non-tumoral V79 fibroblasts. All compounds display higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin (IC50 = 22.5 ± 5.0 μM) towards ovarian cells, showing IC50values in the low micromolar range. Overall, all compounds show higher selectivity for the A2780 cells than for the non-tumoral cells and higher selectivity indexes (IC50(V79)/IC50(A2780) than cisplatin. [Zn(Sal-Gly)(NN)(H2O)] complexes induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in A2780 cells, except [Zn(Sal-Gly)(Bphen)(H2O)], one of the most cytotoxic of the series. The cellular uptake in the ovarian cells analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma mass spectrometry indicates different Zn distribution profiles. Transmission electronic microscopy shows mitochondria alterations and apoptotic features consistent with caspase activation; cells incubated with [Zn(Sal-Gly)(amphen)(H2O)] present additional nuclear membrane alterations in agreement with significant association with the nucleus. The increase of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation forms could be related to apoptosis induction. [Zn(NN)2(H2O)2]2+complexes have high ability to bind DNA through intercalation/groove binding, and circular dichroism data suggests that the main type of species that interact with DNA is [Zn(NN)]2+. Studies varying the % of fetal bovine serum (1-15%) in cell media show that albumin binding decreases the complex activity, indicating that distinct speciation of Zn- and phen-containing species in cell media may affect the cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P Matos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yemataw Addis
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrique Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Barroso
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irina Alho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António P A Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cavaco
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Ksenofontov AA, Guseva GB, Antina EV, Vyugin AI, Nuraneeva EN. Influence of Solvation and Structural Contributions on Fluorescence of Dipyrrine Dyes. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1875-85. [PMID: 26439931 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The results of quantum-chemical and spectral researches of zinc((II)) complexes with alkylated dipyrrine and 3,3'-, 2,3'- and 2,2'-bis(dipyrrine)s in non-polar and polar solvents and their binary mixtures are presented. It was investigated the efficiency of the fluorescence quenching of fluorophores depending on of the solvation and structural contributions. Found that 3,3'-bis(dipyrrinato)zinc((II)) demonstrates the highest sensitivity of the fluorescence to the presence of the electron-donor component compared with the studied complexes. The obtained results allow to offer dipyrrine and bis(dipyrrine) zinc((II)) complexes as new, highly sensitive and selective fluorescent sensors of the N- and O-containing toxicants. Graphical Abstract Influence of solvation and structural contributions on fluorescence of dipyrrine dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ksenofontov
- G.A. Krestov Institution of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - G B Guseva
- G.A. Krestov Institution of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia.
| | - E V Antina
- G.A. Krestov Institution of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - A I Vyugin
- G.A. Krestov Institution of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - E N Nuraneeva
- G.A. Krestov Institution of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, 153045, Ivanovo, Russia
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Abu Ali H, Fares H, Darawsheh M, Rappocciolo E, Akkawi M, Jaber S. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of new mixed ligand complexes of Zn(II) naproxen with nitrogen based ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:67-76. [PMID: 25462227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel Zn(II) complexes [Zn2(nap)4] (1), [Zn(nap)21,10-phen](2), [Zn(nap)22,9-dmphen] (3), [Zn(nap)2(2-ampy)2] (4), [Zn(nap)2(imid)2] (5), [Zn(nap)2(1,2-dmimid)2] (6) (nap = naproxen, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2-ampy = 2-aminopyridine, imid = imidazole, 1,2-dmimid = 1,2-dimethyl imidazole) were synthesized and characterized using IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C{(1)H} NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of complex 3 was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In order to assess the effect of the metal ions on the anti-bacterial activity, complexes 1-6 have been screened in vitro, against (G(+)) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and (G(-)) bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli) using the agar well diffusion method. Complex 2 was the only complex that showed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, where the complexation of the parent ligand 1,10-phenathroline enhanced significantly the activity. All the complexes showed different activity against the different bacteria, and were compared with activity of the parent ligands. The complexes were tested also for their anti-malarial activity using two methods: a semi-quantitative micro-assay and a previously self-developed quantitative in-vitro method. Both were used to study the efficiency of these complexes in inhibiting the formation of the Malaria pigment. This is considered an important target of many known anti-malarial drugs such as Chloroquine and Amodaquine. Results showed that the efficiency of complex 3 in preventing the formation of β-hematin was 75%. The efficiency of Amodiaquine as a standard drug was reported to give 92.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijazi Abu Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine.
| | - Hadeel Fares
- Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Mohanad Darawsheh
- Department of Chemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Emilia Rappocciolo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Mutaz Akkawi
- Department of Life Sciences, Al-Quds University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Suhair Jaber
- Department of Life Sciences, Al-Quds University, West Bank, Palestine
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Bhattacharyya S, Sarkar A, Dey SK, Mukherjee A. Effect of glucosamine conjugation to zinc(II) complexes of a bis-pyrazole ligand: syntheses, characterization and anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:131-42. [PMID: 25113858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H- pyrazol-1yl)acetic acid (bdmpza) ligand was conjugated with tert-butyl-N-(2-aminoethyl) carbonate, methyl-2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoate and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine hydrochloride via amide coupling method to form three ligands L1-L3 which were then reacted with Zn(II) salts to form four zinc complexes (1-4). The complexes were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), FT-IR, CHN analyses. Complexes 1, 2 and 4 were also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that Zn(II) salts could selectively remove the acetyl group from anomeric position leaving everything else intact. The cytotoxicity studies of the ligand and the complexes showed that the conjugation to acetylated glucosamine enhances cytotoxic ability although the complexes become more hydrophilic. Cytotoxicity studies in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human cervical cancer (HeLa WT) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) showed that the acetylated glucosamine conjugation to the bis-pyrazole ligated Zn(II) complex led to 2-4 fold increase in cytotoxicity (IC50 values ca. 57-80μM) against HeLa WT and MCF-7 cell lines. The Zn(II) complex bearing the acetylated glucosamine inhibits the cell cycle in the G2/M phase of MCF-7 cell line. ICP-MS data shows more accumulation of Zn(II) inside the cell upon use of complex 4 as compared to Zn(II) salts or the other presented complexes. Further studies suggest that the mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes in the presence of complex 4 and caspase-7 is activated by Zn(II) salts but the activation is much more by complex 4 and hence there is apoptosis and dose dependent chromatin condensation/nuclear fragmentation as observed by microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, BCKV Main Campus PO, Mohanpur, Nadia, WB 741252, India
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, BCKV Main Campus PO, Mohanpur, Nadia, WB 741252, India
| | - Suman Kr Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, BCKV Main Campus PO, Mohanpur, Nadia, WB 741252, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, BCKV Main Campus PO, Mohanpur, Nadia, WB 741252, India.
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