1
|
Roy K, Rana A, Heil JN, Tackett BM, Dick JE. For Zinc Metal Batteries, How Many Electrons go to Hydrogen Evolution? An Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319010. [PMID: 38168077 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advantages of aqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries (AZMB) like high specific capacity (820 mAh g-1 and 5,854 mAh cm-3 ), low redox potential (-0.76 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode), low cost, water compatibility, and safety, the development of practically relevant batteries is plagued by several issues like unwanted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), corrosion of Zn substrate (insulating ZnO, Zn(OH)2 , Zn(SO4 )x (OH)y , Zn(ClO4 )x (OH)y etc. passivation layer), and dendrite growth. Controlling and suppressing HER activity strongly correlates with the long-term cyclability of AZMBs. Therefore, a precise quantitative technique is needed to monitor the real-time dynamics of hydrogen evolution during Zn electrodeposition. In this study, we quantify hydrogen evolution using in situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (ECMS). This methodology enables us to determine a correction factor for the faradaic efficiency of this system with unmatched precision. For instance, during the electrodeposition of zinc on a copper substrate at a current density of 1.5 mA/cm2 for 600 seconds, 0.3 % of the total charge is attributed to HER, while the rest contributes to zinc electrodeposition. At first glance, this may seem like a small fraction, but it can be detrimental to the long-term cycling performance of AZMBs. Furthermore, our results provide insights into the correlation between HER and the porous morphology of the electrodeposited zinc, unravelling the presence of trapped H2 and Zn corrosion during the charging process. Overall, this study sets a platform to accurately determine the faradaic efficiency of Zn electrodeposition and provides a powerful tool for evaluating electrolyte additives, salts, and electrode modifications aimed at enhancing long-term stability and suppressing the HER in aqueous Zn batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Joseph N Heil
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brian M Tackett
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Wang Y, Huang C, Gao Y, Huang M, Ding Y, Wang X, Si Z, Zhou D, Kang F. Tetraphenylporphyrin-based Chelating Ligand Additive as a Molecular Sieving Interfacial Barrier toward Durable Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312193. [PMID: 37772347 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The sustained water consumption and uncontrollable dendrite growth strongly hamper the practical applications of rechargeable zinc (Zn) metal batteries (ZMBs). Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate that trace amount of chelate ligand additive can serve as a "molecular sieve-like" interfacial barrier and achieve highly efficient Zn plating/stripping. As verified by theoretical modeling and experimental investigations, the benzenesulfonic acid groups on the additive molecular not only facilitates its water solubility and selective adsorption on the Zn anode, but also effectively accelerates the de-solvation kinetics of Zn2+ . Meanwhile, the central porphyrin ring on the chelate ligand effectively expels free water molecules from Zn2+ via chemical binding against hydrogen evolution, and reversibly releases the captured Zn2+ to endow a dendrite-free Zn deposition. By virtue of this non-consumable additive, high average Zn plating/stripping efficiency of 99.7 % over 2100 cycles together with extended lifespan and suppressed water decomposition in the Zn||MnO2 full battery were achieved, thus opening a new avenue for developing highly durable ZMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifu Gao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Ding
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhichun Si
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao P, Wu Y, Liu K, Feng X, Liang J, Zhao Y, Wang C, Xu X, Zhai T, Li H. An Ultrathin Inorganic Molecular Crystal Interfacial Layer for Stable Zn Anode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309765. [PMID: 37534816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Zn metal anode suffers from dendrite growth and side reactions during cycling, significantly deteriorating the lifespan of aqueous Zn metal batteries. Herein, we introduced an ultrathin and ultra-flat Sb2 O3 molecular crystal layer to stabilize Zn anode. The in situ optical and atomic force microscopes observations show that such a 10 nm Sb2 O3 thin layer could ensure uniform under-layer Zn deposition with suppressed tip growth effect, while the traditional WO3 layer undergoes an uncontrolled up-layer Zn deposition. The superior regulation capability is attributed to the good electronic-blocking ability and low Zn affinity of the molecular crystal layer, free of dangling bonds. Electrochemical tests exhibit Sb2 O3 layer can significantly improve the cycle life of Zn anode from 72 h to 2800 h, in contrast to the 900 h of much thicker WO3 even in 100 nm. This research opens up the application of inorganic molecular crystals as the interfacial layer of Zn anode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kailang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinghe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|