Acyclic Boryl Complexes of Copper(I)

Reaction of (6-Dipp)CuOtBu (6-Dipp=C{NDippCH2 }2 CH2 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) with B2 (OMe)4 provided access to (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 via σ-bond metathesis. (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 was characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and shown to be a monomeric acyclic boryl of copper. (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 reacted with ethylene and diphenylacetylene to provide insertion compounds into the Cu-B bond which were characterised by NMR spectroscopy in both cases and X-ray crystallography in the latter. It was also competent in the rapid catalytic deoxygenation of CO2 in the presence of excess B2 (OMe)4 . Alongside π-insertion, (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)2 reacted with LiNMe2 to provide a salt metathesis reaction at boron, giving (6-Dipp)CuB(OMe)NMe2 , a second monomeric acyclic boryl, which also cuproborated diphenylacetylene. Computational interrogation validated these acyclic boryl species to be electronically similar to (6-Dipp)CuBpin.

Relationships of genomic estimated breeding values for age at puberty, birth weight, and growth during development in normal cyclic and acyclic gilts

Managing replacement gilts to reach optimal body weight and growth rate for boar stimulation and first breeding is a key component for sow reproductive longevity and producer profitability. Failure to display pubertal estrus remains a major reason that gilts are culled from the herd. Puberty is metabolically gated so evaluating phenotypic and genetic relationships between birth weight and growth traits with age at puberty and acyclicity can provide valuable insight for efficient gilt development. Data on a litter of origin of the gilt, average daily gain at different stages of development, and age at puberty were available for age-matched cyclic (n = 4,861) and acyclic gilts (prepubertal anestrus, n = 578; behavioral anestrus, n = 428). Genomic estimated breeding values were predicted for each trait using genomic best linear unbiased prediction. Primiparous sows produced more acyclic gilts than multiparous sows (P < 0.05). Accounting for effects of parity and litter size, prepubertal anestrus gilts were heavier at birth and behaviorally anestrus gilts grew faster during the finisher period compared to cyclic gilts (P < 0.05), reflecting possible prenatal programming that negatively affects optimal pubertal development and antagonistic effects between adolescent growth and expression of estrus of gilts from first parity sows. Regression of phenotypic age at puberty with lifetime growth rate (birth to selection) showed a negative linear relationship whereas genomic estimated breeding values showed a negative quadratic relationship indicating that gilts with the least and greatest growth are less optimal as replacements. The slopes of these relationships are small with low negative phenotypic (r = -0.06) and genetic correlations (r = -0.13). The addition of data from acyclic gilts did not substantially change the estimates for genetic relationships between growth and pubertal onset. Although this study identified differences in birth weight and growth rate between cyclic and acyclic gilts the genetic relationships are weak, suggesting that genetic selection for these traits can be achieved separately. Avoiding the smallest and largest gilts in a cohort born to first parity sows could result in gilts with optimal development and reduce the proportion of replacement gilts that are acyclic.