1
|
Alberti G, Russo E, Corrao S, Anzalone R, Kruzliak P, Miceli V, Conaldi PG, Di Gaudio F, La Rocca G. Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2822. [PMID: 36359342 PMCID: PMC9687875 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of parental cells were maintained by isolated EV populations. This review analyzes the recent development in the field of cell-free therapies, focusing on several adult tissues as a source of MSC-derived EVs and the available clinical data from in vivo models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Alberti
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Corrao
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mikael PE, Willard C, Koyee A, Barlao CG, Liu X, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Remodeling of Glycosaminoglycans During Differentiation of Adult Human Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Toward Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:278-289. [PMID: 30572803 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to generate functional hepatocytes to aid in liver repair and regeneration upon availability of a renewable, and potentially personalized, source of human hepatocytes (hHEP). Currently, the vast majority of primary hHEP are obtained from human tissue through cadavers. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have opened up the possibility to obtain fully functional hepatocytes from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult stem cells. With respect to the latter, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) can serve as a source of autogenetic and allogenic multipotent stem cells for liver repair and regeneration. A major aspect of hBMSC differentiation is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and, in particular, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the differentiation process. In this study, we examine the influence of four distinct culture conditions/protocols (T1-T4) on GAG composition and hepatic markers. α-Fetoprotein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α were expressed continually over 21 days of differentiation, as indicated by real time quantitative PCR analysis, while albumin (ALB) expression did not begin until day 21. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) appears to be more effective than activin A in promoting hepatic-like cells through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, perhaps due to the former binding to the HGF receptor to form a unique complex that diversifies the biological functions of HGF. Of the four protocols tested, uniform hepatocyte-like morphological changes, ALB secretion, and glycogen storage were found to be highest with protocol T2, which involves both early- and late-stage combinations of growth factors. The total GAG profile of the hBMSC ECM is rich in heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronan, both of which fluctuate during differentiation. The GAG profile of primary hHEP showed an HS-rich ECM, and thus, it may be possible to guide hBMSC differentiation to more mature hepatocytes by controlling the GAG profile expressed by differentiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paiyz E Mikael
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Willard
- 2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Aurvan Koyee
- 3 Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charmaine-Grace Barlao
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xinyue Liu
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xiaorui Han
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ke Xia
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,2 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,4 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,5 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duscher D, Maan ZN, Luan A, Aitzetmüller MM, Brett EA, Atashroo D, Whittam AJ, Hu MS, Walmsley GG, Houschyar KS, Schilling AF, Machens HG, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Ultrasound-assisted liposuction provides a source for functional adipose-derived stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1491-1500. [PMID: 28917626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Regenerative medicine employs human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for their multi-lineage plasticity and their pro-regenerative cytokine secretome. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) are concentrated in fat tissue, and the ease of harvest via liposuction makes them a particularly interesting cell source. However, there are various liposuction methods, and few have been assessed regarding their impact on ASC functionality. Here we study the impact of the two most popular ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL) devices currently in clinical use, VASER (Solta Medical) and Lysonix 3000 (Mentor) on ASCs. METHODS After lipoaspirate harvest and processing, we sorted for ASCs using fluorescent-assisted cell sorting based on an established surface marker profile (CD34+CD31-CD45-). ASC yield, viability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity and in vivo regenerative performance were assessed. RESULTS Both UAL samples demonstrated equivalent ASC yield and viability. VASER UAL ASCs showed higher osteogenic and adipogenic marker expression, but a comparable differentiation capacity was observed. Soft tissue healing and neovascularization were significantly enhanced via both UAL-derived ASCs in vivo, and there was no significant difference between the cell therapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that UAL allows safe and efficient harvesting of the mesenchymal stromal cellular fraction of adipose tissue and that cells harvested via this approach are suitable for cell therapy and tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Duscher
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Luan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthias M Aitzetmüller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Brett
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Atashroo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Whittam
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Hu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Khosrow S Houschyar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Division for Research and Development, Department for Traumatology, Orthopedic and Plastic Surgery, Göttingen University, Germany
| | - Hans-Guenther Machens
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|