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Lee Y, Park YJ, Lee B, Park E, Kim H, Choi CW, Kim MS. Ribes fasciculatum Ameliorates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Elevating Peripheral Thermogenic Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:1649. [PMID: 35268752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ribes fasciculatum has been consumed as a food and as a traditional medicine for treating autoimmune diseases and aging in diverse countries. A previous study showed that a mixture of Ribes fasciculatum and Cornus officinalis prohibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in preadipocytes and suppressed diet-induced obesity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of R. fasciculatum to regulate energy homeostasis solely through thermogenic signaling remains unclear. Thus, we investigated its effects on energy homeostasis using R. fasciculatum fed to C57BL/6 mice with a 45% high-fat diet. Chronic consumption of R. fasciculatum decreased the body weight of obese mice with increasing food intakes and improved metabolic-syndrome-related phenotypes. Therefore, we further tested its thermogenic effects. Cold chamber experiments and qPCR studies indicated that R. fasciculatum elevated thermogenic signaling pathways, demonstrated by increased body temperature and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) signaling in the white and brown adipose tissues. Afzelin is one major known compound derived from R. fasciculatum. Hence, the isolated compound afzelin was treated with preadipocytes and brown adipocytes for cell viability and luciferase assay, respectively, to further examine its thermogenic effect. The studies showed that the response of afzelin was responsible for cell viability and the increased UCP1. In conclusion, our data indicated that R. fasciculatum elevated peripheral thermogenic signaling through increased UCP1 via afzelin activation and ameliorated diet-induced obesity.
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Kim M, Shin S, Ryu D, Cho E, Yoo J, Park D, Jung E. Evaluating the Sun Protection Factor of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Afzelin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:1039-1044. [PMID: 34456215 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to UV radiation damages the skin and increases the risk of skin cancer. Sunscreen is used to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. However, the chemical UV filters used in sunscreen can show toxicity and cause allergic reactions. A safe sunscreen that includes a lower content of chemical UV filters and exerts an excellent effect on UV protection needs to be developed. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the addition of afzelin to sunscreen could improve the sun protection factor (SPF). A synergistic effect between afzelin and organic sunscreen agents including padimate O and oxybenzone was confirmed. Interestingly, 100% in vitro SPF-boosting was observed when afzelin (0.05%) was applied with a standard SPF formulation containing organic sunscreens while afzelin alone had no contribution to the SPF. In vivo SPF analysis of the standard SPF formulation showed an SPF value of 13.3 that increased to 20.1 when supplemented with afzelin (0.05%). Additionally, afzelin showed no skin irritation in a human trial. These results suggest that afzelin is useful as a natural additive in sunscreen formulations and provides an SPF-boosting effect. Afzelin supplementation to the formulation showed the potential to reduce the use of synthetic photoprotectors, which could minimize the risk of synthetic agent toxicity.
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Czarnomysy R, Buzun K, Bielawska A. Anti-Cancer Potential of Afzelin towards AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:973. [PMID: 34681197 PMCID: PMC8539446 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Afzelin demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Our purpose was to assess its influence on apoptosis, Bax, caspases, MUC1, cancer-related carbohydrate antigens, enzymes participating in their formation, and galectin-3 in AGS gastric cancer cells. A total of 60 and 120 μM afzelin was used in all experiments. Flow cytometry was applied to determine apoptotic response. Western blotting and RT PCR were used to detect the expression of mentioned factors. Flavonoid at higher concentration revealed slight apoptotic respond. Bax, caspase-3, -8, -9 increased upon afzelin action. Stimulatory effect of the flavonoid on MUC1 cytoplasmic tail and extracellular domain in cell lysates and on MUC1 gene was revealed. MUC1 release into the culture medium was inhibited by the flavonoid. The 60 μM afzelin dose stimulated GalNAcTL5 protein expression and inhibited C1GalT1. ST6GalNAcT mRNA was inhibited by both flavonoid doses. ST3GalT was inhibited by 120 μM afzelin on protein and mRNA level. Lewisa/b protein was reduced by both afzelin concentrations. FUT3 and FUT4 mRNA was inhibited by 120 μM dose of afzelin. Galectin-3 protein increased in cell lysates and decreased in culture supernatant by 60 and 120 μM flavonoid. Galectin-3 gene expression was stimulated by two used concentrations of afzelin in comparison to control. We conclude that afzelin can be considered as the potential anti-cancer agent, supporting conventional cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.)
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Ozelin SD, Senedese JM, Alves JM, Munari CC, Costa JDCD, Resende FA, Campos DL, Lima IMDS, Andrade AF, Varanda EA, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Preventive activity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. leaves extract and its major compounds, afzelin and quercitrin, on DNA damage in in vitro and in vivo models. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:569-581. [PMID: 33730993 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1898505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. is a plant found in South America, especially in Brazil. Oleoresin and the leaves of this plant is used as a popular medicinal agent. However, few studies on the chemical composition of aerial parts and related biological activities are known. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and antigenotoxic potential of C. langsdorffii aerial parts hydroalcoholic extract (CLE) and two of its major compounds afzelin and quercitrin. The cytotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of CLE was determined as follows: 1) against genotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DXR) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in V79 cells; 2) by direct and indirect-acting mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium strains; and 3) by MMS in male Swiss mice. The protective effects of afzelin and quercitrin against DXR or MMS were also evaluated in V79 and HepG2 cells. CLE was cytotoxic as evidenced by clonogenic efficiency assay. Further, CLE did not induce a significant change in frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei; as well as number of revertants in the Ames test demonstrating absence of genotoxicity. In contrast, CLE was found to be antigenotoxic in mammalian cells. The results also showed that CLE exerted inhibitory effect against indirect-acting mutagens in the Ames test. Afzelin and quercitrin did not reduce genotoxicity induced by DXR or MMS in V79 cells. However, treatments using afzelin and quercitrin decreased MMS-induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The antigenotoxic effect of CLE observed in this study may be partially attributed to the antioxidant activity of the combination of major components afzelin and quercitrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Duarte Ozelin
- Laboratório De Mutagênese, Universidade De Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Faculdade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Facudade De Ciências Farmacêuticas De Ribeirão Preto, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Brito AL, Quixabeira CMT, de Lima LMA, Paz ST, Gomes ANP, de Souza Araújo TA, de Albuquerque UP, Gomes DA, Silva TMS, Lira EC. Safety assessment of Bauhinia cheilantha Bong. Steud leaves extract: acute, sub-acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antihemolytic evaluations. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:613-626. [PMID: 34141175 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia cheilantha (Fabaceae), known popularly as pata-de-vaca and mororó has been largely recommended treating several diseases in folk medicine. However, information on safe doses and use is still scarce. The goal was to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and antihemolytic and also acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of hydroalcoholic extract from B. cheilantha leaves (HaEBcl). The identification of the compounds in the HaEBcl was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antioxidant and hemolytic activity of HaEBcl was evaluated in vitro. To study acute toxicity, female mice received HaEBcl in a single dose of 300 and 2.000 mg/kg. Later, sub-acute toxicity was introduced in both female and male mice by oral gavage at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Hematological and biochemical profiles were created from the blood as well as from histological analysis of the liver. HaEBcl is rich in flavonoids (quercitrin and afzelin), has no hemolytic effects and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. Acute toxicity evaluation showed that lethal dose (LD50) of HaEBcl was over 2000 mg/kg. Sub-acute toxicity testing elicited no clinical signs of toxicity, morbidity, or mortality. The hematological and biochemical parameters discounted any chance of hepatic or kidney toxicity. Furthermore, histopathological data did not reveal any disturbance in liver morphology in treated mice. Results indicate that HaEBcl has no hemolytic and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. In addition, HaEBcl dosage levels up to 2000 mg/kg are nontoxic and can be considered safe for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanne Lucena de Brito
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Carla Mirele Tabósa Quixabeira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Lidiane Mâcedo Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Silvana Tavares Paz
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Ayala Nara Pereira Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Thiago Antônio de Souza Araújo
- Departamento de saúde, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Rua Jonathas de Vasconcelos, 92, 51021-140, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botênica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Tania Maria Sarmento Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
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Rachmi E, Purnomo BB, Endharti AT, Fitri LE. Identification of afzelin potential targets in inhibiting triple-negative breast cancer cell migration using reverse docking. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e095. [PMID: 33283065 PMCID: PMC7710241 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to be aggressive and metastatic, characteristics attributable to its cellular migration capabilities. Afzelin is a chemical compound with anti-metastatic potentials. This study aimed to predict proteins involved in TNBC cell migration which could be inhibited by afzelin. METHODS The protein database was constructed from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways collection which related to cell motility, then screened for druggability using SuperTarget and Therapeutic Target Database. The involvement of druggable proteins in the TNBC metastasis process was investigated through existing publications in The National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database. Inhibitory potential of afzelin toward target proteins was compared to the proteins' known-inhibitor, using the reverse docking method. RESULTS Ten proteins identified as potential targets of afzelin, with the top 3 being ERK2, KRas, and FAK, respectively. Afzelin's 3-O-rhamnoside group played a dominant role in forming hydrogen bonds with the target proteins. Further analysis with STRING suggested that afzelin might be able to inhibit chemotaxis and haptotaxis of TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Afzelin was predicted to inhibit TNBC cell motility, by targeting ERK2, KRas, and FAK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rachmi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda
| | - Basuki Bambang Purnomo
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya/dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital
| | - Agustina Tri Endharti
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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Pereira RV, Mecenas AS, Malafaia CRA, Amaral ACF, Muzitano MF, Simas NK, Correa Ramos Leal I. Evaluation of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of Ocotea notata (Ness) Mez (Lauraceae). Nat Prod Res 2020; 34:3004-3007. [PMID: 30990334 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1602828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The specie Ocotea notata (Nees & Mart). Mez is a tree with 5 meters high, that can be found in restinga regions in the Brazilian coast. This study describes a phytochemical investigation, total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions by DPPH and ORAC. Phenolic content revealed equivalent concentration between evaluated samples, similar to found in the leave extract (66.4 mEq GA/g). By DPPH, extracts and fractions showed effective concentration (EC50) lower than the standards Ginkgo biloba 761® (23.60 ± 0.64 µg/ml) and quercetin (6.06 ± 0, 92 µg/mL); for the ORAC method, ethyl acetate partition showed a value of 2.06 mmol Trolox equivalent g-1 better than obtained in Ginkgo biloba (1.03 ± 0.25 mmol.Trolox equivalent g-1. The butanol partition (0.52 mmol.Trolox equivalent g-1) and the aqueous residue (0.74 mmol Trolox equivalent g-1) have a lesser ORAC potential than ethyl acetate partition. The butanolic partition, investigated by LC-DAD-MS/MS and QTOF-MS, revealed six major compounds: miquelianin (1), isoquercitrin (2), quercitrin (3), kaempferol-3-O-pentose (4), afzelin (5) and isorhamnetin-glucuronide (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Velloso Pereira
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays Department of Natural Products and Foods Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anete Souza Mecenas
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays Department of Natural Products and Foods Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila R Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays Department of Natural Products and Foods Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia F Amaral
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Farmanguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Frazão Muzitano
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products, Pharmacy Course Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé Campus, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kato Simas
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays Department of Natural Products and Foods Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ivana Correa Ramos Leal
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays Department of Natural Products and Foods Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kim JH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Flavonoids from Acer okamotoanum Inhibit Adipocyte Differentiation and Promote Lipolysis in the 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081920. [PMID: 32326254 PMCID: PMC7222000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, quercitrin, isoquercitrin (IQ), and afzelin, were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Acer okamotoanum. We investigated anti-obesity effects and mechanisms of three flavonoids from A. okamotoanum in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The differentiated 3T3-L1 cells increased triglyceride (TG) contents, compared with non-differentiated normal group. However, treatments of three flavonoids from A. okamotoanum decreased TG contents without cytotoxicity. In addition, they showed significant down-regulation of several adipogenic transcription factors, such as γ-cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine/enhancer binding protein -α, -β, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, compared with non-treated control group. Furthermore, treatment of the flavonoids inhibited expressions of lipogenesis-related proteins including fatty acid synthase, adipocyte protein 2, and glucose transporter 4. Moreover, IQ-treated group showed significant up-regulation of lipolysis-related proteins such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase. In addition, flavonoids significantly activated 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) compared to control group. In particular, IQ showed higher inhibition of TG accumulation by regulation of pathways related with both adipogenesis and lipolysis, than other flavonoids. The present results indicated that three flavonoids of A. okamotoanum showed anti-obesity activity by regulation of adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and AMPK signaling, suggesting as an anti-obesity functional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2837
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Jung E, Kim JH, Kim MO, Lee SY, Lee J. Melanocyte-protective effect of afzelin is mediated by the Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway via GSK-3β inactivation. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:764-770. [PMID: 27992083 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired condition characterized by depigmented, cutaneous lesions that result from the death of pigment-producing cells, melanocytes. The occurrence of oxidative stress has been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism for melanocyte degeneration in vitiligo. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against oxidative stress and its mechanism of action in human epidermal melanocytes. We found that afzelin significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, cellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation in melanocytes. In an antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter assay, afzelin increased ARE-luciferase reporter activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consistently, the expression of antioxidant genes, including NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase, was enhanced by afzelin treatment. Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 also increased in response to afzelin treatment. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was induced by afzelin treatment. The enhancement of HO-1 gene expression by afzelin treatment was reduced by Nrf2-siRNA expression. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Nrf2-siRNA significantly attenuated the cytoprotective effect of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that the cytoprotective effects of afzelin against hydrogen peroxide may be mediated by Nrf2-ARE signalling via GSK-3β inactivation. Our data suggest the novel use of afzelin for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced damage in melanocytes and its potential as a therapeutic agent for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seongnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan City, Gyeongsangbuk Do, Korea
| | - Mi Ok Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
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Zhu KC, Sun JM, Shen JG, Jin JZ, Liu F, Xu XL, Chen L, Liu LT, Lv JJ. Afzelin exhibits anti-cancer activity against androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells through the inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2359-2365. [PMID: 26622852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer presents high occurrence worldwide. Medicinal plants are a major source of novel and potentially therapeutic molecules; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible anti-prostate cancer activity of afzelin, a flavonol glycoside that was previously isolated from Nymphaea odorata. The effect of afzelin on the proliferation of androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 cells was evaluated by performing a water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay. In addition, the effect of afzelin on the cell cycle of the LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines was evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of afzelin on the kinases responsible for the regulation of actin organization. Afzelin was identified to inhibit the proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 cells, and block the cell cycle in the G0 phase. The anticancer activity of afzelin in these cells was determined to be due to inhibition of LIM domain kinase 1 expression. Thus, the in vitro efficacy of afzelin against prostate cancer is promising; however, additional studies on different animal models are required to substantiate its anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China ; Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Mei Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ju Lv
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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