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Oliveira Ribeiro S, Fontaine V, Mathieu V, Abdesselam Z, Dominique B, Caroline S, Florence S. Antibacterial Activities of Homemade Matrices Miming Essential Oils Compared to Commercial Ones. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:584. [PMID: 34069154 PMCID: PMC8156816 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a worldwide concern. Essential oils are known to possess remarkable antibacterial properties, but their high chemical variability complicates their development into new antibacterial agents. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to standardize their chemical composition. Several commercial essential oils of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) and thyme (chemotype thymol) (Thymus vulgaris L.) were bought on the market. GC-MS analysis revealed that thyme essential oils have a chemical composition far more consistent than ajowan essential oils. Sometimes thymol was not even the major compound. The most abundant compounds and the homemade mixtures were tested against two Staphylococcus aureus strains. The antibacterial property of β-caryophyllene presented no direct activity against S. aureus LMG 15975, but in association with thymol or carvacrol at equal percentages an MIC of 125 μg/mL was observed. The mixture of those three compounds at equivalent percentages also decreased by 16-fold the MIC of the penicillin V. Against S. aureus LMG 21674, β-caryophyllene presented an MIC of 31.3 μg/mL and decreased by 267-fold the MIC of the penicillin V. These observations led us to question the benefits of using a complex chemical mixture instead of one active compound to fight bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira Ribeiro
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Fontaine
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Zhiri Abdesselam
- Pranarôm International S.A. 37, Avenue des Artisans, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium; (Z.A.); (B.D.)
- Unité de Recherche en Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 300, Rue Prof. Jeener & Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Baudoux Dominique
- Pranarôm International S.A. 37, Avenue des Artisans, 7822 Ghislenghien, Belgium; (Z.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Stévigny Caroline
- Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Souard Florence
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics (DPP), Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire (DPM), Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5063, F3Y041 Grenoble, France
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Lee SC, Seo SM, Huh MJ, Kwon JH, Nam I, Park JH, Park IK. Behavioral and Electrophysiological Effects of Ajowan ( Trachyspermum ammi Sprague) (Apiales: Apiaceae) Essential Oil and Its Constituents on Nymphal and Adult Bean Bugs, Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Alydidae). Insects 2020; 11:E104. [PMID: 32033226 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the repellent effect of 12 Apiaceae plant essential oils on nymphal and adult (male and female) forms of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), using a four-arm olfactometer. Among the essential oils tested, ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi Sprague) essential oil showed the strongest repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. For female adults, the repellent activity was significantly different between an ajowan oil-treated chamber and an untreated chamber down to a concentration of 14.15 μg/cm2. We also investigated the repellent activity of individual ajowan essential oil constituents. Of the compounds examined, carvacrol and thymol showed the most potent repellent activity against the nymphal and adult bean bugs. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited 73.08% and 70.0% repellent activity for the bean bug nymph at 0.71 and 2.83 μg/cm2, respectively, and 82.6% and 80.7% at 5.66 and 11.32 μg/cm2, respectively, for male adults. Carvacrol and thymol exhibited strong repellent activity against female adult bean bugs down to a concentration of 2.83 μg/cm2. Ajowan essential oil, thymol and carvacrol elicited a negative electroantennogram (EAG) response from adult bean bugs. This could explain the repellent activity of ajowan essential oil and its constituents. Our results indicate that ajowan essential oil and its constituents carvacrol and thymol can be potential candidates as the 'push' component in a 'push-pull' strategy for bean bug control.
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