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Prough MB, Zaman A, Caywood LJ, Clouse JE, Herington SD, Slifer SH, Dorfsman DA, Adams LA, Laux RA, Song YE, Lynn A, Fuzzell D, Fuzzell SL, Miller SD, Miskimen K, Main LR, Osterman MD, Ogrocki P, Lerner AJ, Vance JM, Haines JL, Scott WK, Pericak-Vance M, Cuccaro ML. Visuospatial and Verbal Memory Differences in Amish Individuals With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2023; 37:195-199. [PMID: 37561946 PMCID: PMC10529392 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal and visuospatial memory impairments are common to Alzheimer disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), but the patterns of decline in these domains may reflect genetic and lifestyle influences. The latter may be pertinent to populations such as the Amish who have unique lifestyle experiences. METHODS Our data set included 420 Amish and 401 CERAD individuals. Sex-adjusted, age-adjusted, and education-adjusted Z-scores were calculated for the recall portions of the Constructional Praxis Delay (CPD) and Word List Delay (WLD). ANOVAs were then used to examine the main and interaction effects of cohort (Amish, CERAD), cognitive status (case, control), and sex on CPD and WLD Z-scores. RESULTS The Amish performed better on the CPD than the CERAD cohort. In addition, the difference between cases and controls on the CPD and WLD were smaller in the Amish and Amish female cases performed better on the WLD than the CERAD female cases. DISCUSSION The Amish performed better on the CPD task, and ADRD-related declines in CPD and WLD were less severe in the Amish. In addition, Amish females with ADRD may have preferential preservation of WLD. This study provides evidence that the Amish exhibit distinct patterns of verbal and visuospatial memory loss associated with aging and ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reneé A Laux
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Yeunjoo E Song
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Audrey Lynn
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | - Denise Fuzzell
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Leighanne R Main
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Michael D Osterman
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Paula Ogrocki
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University
| | - William K Scott
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Lopes FL, Hou L, Boldt ABW, Kassem L, Alves VM, Nardi AE, McMahon FJ. Finding Rare, Disease-Associated Variants in Isolated Groups: Potential Advantages of Mennonite Populations. Hum Biol 2017; 88:109-120. [PMID: 28162000 DOI: 10.13110/humanbiology.88.2.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale genotyping and next-generation sequencing techniques have allowed great advances in the field of molecular genetics. Numerous common variants of low impact have been associated with many complex human traits and diseases, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although they may exert a greater impact on risk, few rare disease variants have been found, owing to the greatly increased sample sizes that are typically necessary to demonstrate association with rarer variants. One alternative strategy is to study isolated populations, where historical bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and some otherwise rare variants may drift to higher frequencies. Here we describe the Mennonite population settlements, considering their history of multiple bottlenecks followed by demographic expansion and a currently widespread geographical distribution. We argue that Mennonite populations are valuable partners for studies seeking genetic variants that exert a high impact on risk for a variety of common disorders, including mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana L Lopes
- 1 Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.,2 Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liping Hou
- 1 Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angelica B W Boldt
- 3 Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Layla Kassem
- 1 Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Veronica M Alves
- 2 Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- 2 Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francis J McMahon
- 1 Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Raheja UK, Stephens SH, Mitchell BD, Rohan KJ, Vaswani D, Balis TG, Nijjar GV, Sleemi A, Pollin TI, Ryan K, Reeves GM, Weitzel N, Morrissey M, Yousufi H, Langenberg P, Shuldiner AR, Postolache TT. Seasonality of mood and behavior in the Old Order Amish. J Affect Disord 2013; 147:112-7. [PMID: 23164460 PMCID: PMC3606685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE We examined seasonality and winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, a unique population that prohibits use of network electric light in their homes. METHODS We estimated SAD using the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ) in 1306 Amish adults and compared the frequencies of SAD and total SAD (i.e., presence of either SAD or subsyndromal-SAD) between men and women, young and old, and awareness of (ever vs. never heard about) SAD. Heritability of global seasonality score (GSS) was estimated using the maximum likelihood method, including a household effect to capture shared environmental effects. RESULTS The mean (±SD) GSS was 4.36 (±3.38). Prevalence was 0.84% (95% CI: 0.36-1.58) for SAD and 2.59% (95% CI: 1.69-3.73) for total SAD. Heritability of GSS was 0.14±0.06 (SE) (p=0.002) after adjusting for age, gender, and household effects. LIMITATIONS Limitations include likely overestimation of the rates of SAD by SPAQ, possible selection bias and recall bias, and limited generalizability of the study. CONCLUSIONS In the Amish, GSS and SAD prevalence were lower than observed in earlier SPAQ-based studies in other predominantly Caucasian populations. Low heritability of SAD suggests dominant environmental effects. The effects of awareness, age and gender on SAD risk were similar as in previous studies. Identifying factors of resilience to SAD in the face of seasonal changes in the Amish could suggest novel preventative and therapeutic approaches to reduce the impact of SAD in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam K Raheja
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lie H, Zariwala MA, Helms C, Bowcock AM, Carson JL, Brown DE, Hazucha MJ, Forsen J, Molter D, Knowles MR, Leigh MW, Ferkol TW. Primary ciliary dyskinesia in Amish communities. J Pediatr 2010; 156:1023-1025. [PMID: 20350728 PMCID: PMC2875274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an autosomal recessive multigenic disease that results in impaired mucociliary clearance. We have diagnosed 9 subjects with primary ciliary dyskinesia from geographically dispersed Amish communities, on the basis of clinical characteristics and ciliary ultrastructural defects. Despite consanguinity, affected individuals had evidence of genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauw Lie
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia Helms
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John L Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David E Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Milan J Hazucha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James Forsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David Molter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret W Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas W Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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Racette BA, Good L, Antenor JA, McGee-Minnich L, Moerlein SM, Videen TO, Perlmutter JS. [18F]FDOPA PET as an endophenotype for Parkinson's Disease linkage studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:245-9. [PMID: 16528749 PMCID: PMC2646004 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a late onset disorder with age-dependent penetrance that may confound genetic studies, since affected individuals may not demonstrate clinical manifestations at the time of evaluation. The use of endophenotypes, biologic surrogates for clinical disease diagnoses, may permit more accurate classification of at-risk subjects. Positron emission tomography (PET) measurements of 6-[18F]fluorodopa ([18F]FDOPA) uptake indicate nigrostriatal neuronal integrity and may provide a useful endophenotype for PD linkage studies. We performed [18F]FDOPA PET in 11 members of a large, multi-incident Amish family with PD, 24 normals and 48 people with clinically definite idiopathic PD (PD controls). Clinical diagnoses in the Amish were clinically definite PD in four, clinically probable in one, clinically possible in five, and normal in one. Abnormal [18F]FDOPA posterior putamen uptake was defined as less than 3 standard deviations below the normal mean. The criteria were applied to the Amish sample to determine a PET endophenotype for each. We performed genetic simulations using SLINK to model the effect phenoconversion with the PET endophenotype had on logarithm of odds (LOD) scores. PET endophenotype confirmed the status of two clinically definite subjects. Two clinically definite Amish PD subjects had normal PETs. Two possible PD were converted to "PET definite PD." The remainder had normal PETs. The average maximum LOD score with the pre-PET was 6.14 +/- 0.84. Simulating phenoconversion of subjects with unknown phenotypes increased the LOD score to 7.36 +/- 1.23. The [18F]FDOPA PET endophenotype permits phenoconversion in multi-incident PD families and may increase LOD score accuracy and power of an informative pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Racette
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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