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Alafari HA, Hafez Y, Omara R, Murad R, Abdelaal K, Attia K, Khedr A. Physio-Biochemical, Anatomical, and Molecular Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat Cultivars Infected with TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK Novel Puccinia graminis Races. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1045. [PMID: 38611573 PMCID: PMC11013933 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most dangerous rust diseases on wheat. Through physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis, the relationship between the change in resistance of 15 wheat cultivars to stem rust disease and the response of 41 stem rust resistance genes (Sr,s) as well as TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK races was explained. Some cultivars and Sr genes, such as Gemmeiza-9, Gemmeiza-11, Sids-13, Sakha-94, Misr-1, Misr-2, Sr31, and Sr38, became susceptible to infection. Other new cultivars include Mir-3 and Sakha-95, and Sr genes 13, 37, 40, GT, and FR*2/SRTT3-SRTT3-SR10 remain resistant. Some resistance genes have been identified in these resistant cultivars: Sr2, Sr13, Sr24, Sr36, and Sr40. Sr31 was not detected in any cultivars. Reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, enzymes activities (catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase), and electrolyte leakage were increased in the highly susceptible cultivars, while they decreased in the resistant ones. Anatomical characteristics such as the thickness of the epidermis, ground tissue, phloem tissue and vascular bundle diameter in the midrib were decreased in susceptible cultivars compared with resistant cultivars. Our results indicated that some races (TTKSK, TTKST, and TTTSK) appeared for the first time in Egypt and many other countries, which broke the resistant cultivars. The wheat rust breeding program must rely on land races and pyramiding genes in order to develop new resistance genes that will survive for a very long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ali Alafari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Hafez
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt (R.M.)
| | - Reda Omara
- Wheat Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Rasha Murad
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt (R.M.)
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt (R.M.)
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Khedr
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt (R.M.)
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Li S, Huang X, Zheng R, Zhang M, Zou Z, Heal KV, Zhou L. Xylem plasticity of root, stem, and branch in Cunninghamia lanceolata under drought stress: implications for whole-plant hydraulic integrity. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1308360. [PMID: 38439985 PMCID: PMC10910014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1308360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction A better understanding of xylem hydraulic characteristics in trees is critical to elucidate the mechanisms of forest decline and tree mortality from water deficit. As well as temperate forests and forests growing in arid regions, subtropical and tropical forests are also predicted to experience an increased frequency and intensity of climate change-induced drought in the near future. Methods In this study, 1-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings (a typical subtropical species in southern China) were selected for a continuous controlled drought pot experiment of 45 days duration. The experimental treatments were non-drought (control), light drought, moderate drought and severe drought stress, which were 80%, 60%, 50%, and 40%, respectively of soil field maximum moisture capacity. Results The hydraulic conductivity, specific conductivity and water potential of roots, stems, and branches of C. lanceolata all decreased with the prolonging of drought in the different drought intensities. The relative decrease in these hydraulic values were greater in roots than in stems and branches, indicating that roots are more sensitive to drought. Root tracheid diameters normally reduce to ensure security of water transport with prolonged drought, whilst the tracheid diameters of stems and branches expand initially to ensure water transport and then decrease to reduce the risk of embolism with continuing drought duration. The pit membrane diameter of roots, stems and branches generally increased to different extents during the 15-45 days drought duration, which is conducive to enhanced radial water transport ability. The tracheid density and pit density of stems generally decreased during drought stress, which decreased water transport efficiency and increased embolism occurrence. Correlation analysis indicated that anatomical plasticity greatly influenced the hydraulic properties, whilst the relationships varied among different organs. In roots, tracheid diameter decreased and tracheid density increased to enhance water transport security; stems and branches may increase tracheid diameter and pit membrane diameter to increase hydraulic conductivity ability, but may increase the occurrence of xylem embolism. Discussion In summary, under drought stress, the xylem anatomical characteristics of C. lanceolata organs were highly plastic to regulate water transport vertically and radially to maintain the trade-off between hydraulic conductivity efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Li
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruping Zheng
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Huaying Forestry Development Center, Huaying, China
| | - Maxiao Zhang
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Zou
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kate V. Heal
- School of Geo Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lili Zhou
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou, China
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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Li B, Deng M, Pan Y, Chen W, He T, Chen L, Zheng Y, Rong J. Response of the root morphological structure of Fokienia hodginsii seedlings to competition from neighboring plants in a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1327322. [PMID: 38298603 PMCID: PMC10829109 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1327322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Critical changes often occur in Fokienia hodginsii seedlings during the process of growth owing to differences in the surrounding environment. The most common differences are heterogeneous nutrient environments and competition from neighboring plants. Methods In this study, we selected one-year-old, high-quality Fokienia hodginsii seedlings as experimental materials. Three planting patterns were established to simulate different competitive treatments, and seedlings were also exposed to three heterogeneous nutrient environments and a homogeneous nutrient environment (control) to determine their effect on the root morphology and structure of F. hodginsii seedlings. Results Heterogeneous nutrient environments, compared with a homogeneous environment, significantly increased the dry matter accumulation and root morphology indexes of the root system of F. hodginsii, which proliferated in nutrient-rich patches, and the P heterogeneous environment had the most significant enhancement effect, with dry matter accumulation 70.2%, 7.0%, and 27.0% higher than that in homogeneous and N and K heterogeneous environments, respectively. Homogeneous environments significantly increased the specific root length and root area of the root system; the dry matter mass and morphological structure of the root system of F. hodginsii with a heterospecific neighbor were higher than those under conspecific neighbor and single-plant treatments, and the root area of the root system under the conspecific neighbor treatment was higher than that under the heterospecific neighbor treatment, by 20% and 23%, respectively. Moreover, the root system under heterospecific neighbor treatment had high sensitivity; the heterogeneous nutrient environment increased the mean diameter of the fine roots of the seedlings of F. hodginsii and the diameter of the vascular bundle, and the effect was most significant in the P heterogeneous environment, exceeding that in the N and K heterogeneous environments. The effect was most significant in the P heterogeneous environment, which increased fine root diameter by 20.5% and 10.3%, respectively, compared with the homogeneous environment; in contrast, the fine root vascular ratio was highest in the homogeneous environment, and most of the indicators of the fine root anatomical structure in the nutrient-rich patches were of greater values than those in the nutrient-poor patches in the different heterogeneous environments; competition promoted most of the indicators of the fine root anatomical structure of F. hodginsii seedlings. According a principal component analysis (PCA), the N, Pm and K heterogeneous environments with heterospecific neighbors and the P heterogeneous environment with a conspecific neighbor had higher evaluation in the calculation of eigenvalues of the PCA. Discussion The root dry matter accumulation, root morphology, and anatomical structure of F. hodginsii seedlings in the heterogeneous nutrient environment were more developed than those in the homogeneous nutrient environment. The effect of the P heterogeneous environment was the most significant. The heterospecific neighbor treatment was more conducive to the expansion and development of root morphology of F. hodginsii seedlings than were the conspecific neighbor and single-plant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjun Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Deng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Pan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenchen Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianyou He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liguang Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jundong Rong
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lancheros Porras KD, Alves IA, Novoa DMA. PBPK Modeling as an Alternative Method of Interspecies Extrapolation that Reduces the Use of Animals: A Systematic Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:102-126. [PMID: 37031391 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230408201849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a computational approach that simulates the anatomical structure of the studied species and presents the organs and tissues as compartments interconnected by arterial and venous blood flows. AIM The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the published articles focused on the development of PBPK models for interspecies extrapolation in the disposition of drugs and health risk assessment, presenting to this modeling an alternative to reduce the use of animals. METHODS For this purpose, a systematic search was performed in PubMed using the following search terms: "PBPK" and "Interspecies extrapolation". The revision was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS In the analysis of the articles, it was found that rats and mice are the most commonly used animal models in the PBPK models; however, most of the physiological and physicochemical information used in the reviewed studies were obtained from previous publications. Additionally, most of the PBPK models were developed to extrapolate pharmacokinetic parameters to humans and the main application of the models was for toxicity testing. CONCLUSION PBPK modeling is an alternative that allows the integration of in vitro and in silico data as well as parameters reported in the literature to predict the pharmacokinetics of chemical substances, reducing in large quantity the use of animals that are required in traditional studies.
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Liu X, Li A, Luo Y, Bao S, Jiang T, Li X, Yuan J, Feng Z. An interactive image segmentation method for the anatomical structures of the main olfactory bulb with micro-level resolution. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1276891. [PMID: 38187824 PMCID: PMC10766684 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1276891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The main olfactory bulb is the key element of the olfactory pathway of rodents. To precisely dissect the neural pathway in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), it is necessary to construct the three-dimensional morphologies of the anatomical structures within it with micro-level resolution. However, the construction remains challenging due to the complicated shape of the anatomical structures in the main olfactory bulb and the high resolution of micro-optical images. To address these issues, we propose an interactive volume image segmentation method with micro-level resolution in the horizontal and axial direction. Firstly, we obtain the initial location of the anatomical structures by manual annotation and design a patch-based neural network to learn the complex texture feature of the anatomical structures. Then we randomly sample some patches to predict by the trained network and perform an annotation reconstruction based on intensity calculation to get the final location results of the anatomical structures. Our experiments were conducted using Nissl-stained brain images acquired by the Micro-optical sectioning tomography (MOST) system. Our method achieved a mean dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 81.8% and obtain the best segmentation performance. At the same time, the experiment shows the three-dimensional morphology reconstruction results of the anatomical structures in the main olfactory bulb are smooth and consistent with their natural shapes, which addresses the possibility of constructing three-dimensional morphologies of the anatomical structures in the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengda Bao
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
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Niu R, Zhao X, Wang C, Wang F. Physiochemical Responses and Ecological Adaptations of Peach to Low-Temperature Stress: Assessing the Cold Resistance of Local Peach Varieties from Gansu, China. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4183. [PMID: 38140510 PMCID: PMC10747498 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent, and low winter temperatures have had a significant impact on peach cultivation. The selection of cold-resistant peach varieties is an effective solution to mitigate freezing damage. To comprehensively and accurately evaluate the cold resistance of peaches and screen for high cold resistance among Gansu local resources, nine different types of peach were selected as test resources to assess physiological, biochemical, and anatomical indices. Subsequently, 28 peach germplasms were evaluated using relevant indices. The semi-lethal temperature (LT50) was calculated by fitting the change curve of the electrolyte leakage index (ELI) with the Logistic equation; this can be used as an important index for identifying and evaluating the cold resistance of peach trees. The LT50 values ranged from -28.22 °C to -17.22 °C among the 28 tested resources; Dingjiaba Liguang Tao exhibited the lowest LT50 value at -28.22 °C, indicating its high level of cold resistance. The LT50 was positively correlated with the ELI and malondialdehyde (MDA) content with correlation coefficients of 0.894 and 0.863, respectively, while it was negatively correlated with the soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and free proline (Pro) contents with correlation coefficients of -0.894, -0.721, and -0.863, respectively. The thicknesses of the xylem, cork layer, cork layer ratio (CLR) and thickness/cortex thickness (X/C) showed negative correlations (-0.694, -0.741, -0.822, -0.814, respectively). Finally, the membership function method was used to evaluate cold resistance based on the ELI, MDA, Pro, SP, SS, CLR, and xylem thickness/cortex thickness (X/C) indices. The average membership degree among all tested resources ranged from 0.17 to 0.61. Dingjiaba Liguang Tao emerged prominently in terms of high-cold-resistance (HR) membership value (0.61).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Falin Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; (R.N.); (X.Z.); (C.W.)
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Liu Q, Wang YX, Zeng Y, Mao JR, Xu XY, Liu Y. [ Anatomical structure and physiological characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia of different stand ages]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:3256-3262. [PMID: 38511364 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Drought intensity and frequency have been increased as a result of global warming. Exploring the drought resistance mechanism of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations of different stand ages on the Loess Plateau is crucial for understanding the stability of forest productivity in the region. We investigated anatomical traits, hydraulic function, and non-structural carbohydrate content of the xylem, as well as their association, in R. pseudoacacia plantations of different stand ages in a semi-arid region. The results showed that the vessel diameter, total pit membrane area, pit membrane area, vesture area, and vestured overlap of young and middle-aged stands were larger than those of mature stands, and the pit density was significantly lower in mature stands. Hydraulic conductivity was significantly related to vessel diameter, pit membrane area, and vesture area. Hydraulic conductivities of branches in young, middle-aged, and mature stands were 2.30, 2.12, and 0.76 kg·m-1·s-1·MPa-1, respectively, with embolism values of 54.5%, 53.8%, and 45.1%. Hydraulic conductivity was significantly related to soluble sugar and starch contents. The soluble sugar contents of branches in young, middle-aged and mature stands were 4.9%, 4.2%, and 3.8%, respectively. Xylem growth capacity of R. pseudoacacia in mature stand declined, resulting in the formation of small vessels with many small pits, which reduced hydraulic conductivity while maintaining hydraulic safety, resulting in a decrease of non-structural carbohydrates content. This study revealed the drought response mechanism of R. pseudoacacia plantations with different ages, providing a scientific foundation for the management and nurturing of R. pseudoacacia plantations on the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-Xia Wang
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji-Rong Mao
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Liu J, Wu Y, Zhou L, Zhang A, Wang S, Liu Y, Yang D, Wang S. Influence of flowering on the anatomical structure, chemical components and carbohydrate metabolism of Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1260302. [PMID: 38023931 PMCID: PMC10656694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1260302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo forests, which have come to occupy large areas in recent years, naturally undergo the process of blooming. However, bamboo culms and rhizomes degenerate after the plants bloom, resulting in widespread loss of raw materials. Systematic research on the properties and physiology of bamboo culms after flowering is lacking, and whether flowering bamboo culms could be used as raw materials in industry is unclear. In this paper, we compared and measured the fiber morphology, chemical components, and sugar metabolism indexes of non-flowering and flowering Bambusa tuldoides culms at different ages. The results showed that the fibers in the middle internodes of both non-flowering and flowering B. tuldoides culms had the longest length. The fibers completed their elongation within 1 year, but the fiber walls were continually deposited with age. The levels of the chemical components in the nonflowering culms also continually increased with age. The nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content and sugar metabolism indexes showed the highest levels in the 2-year culms and then declined in the 3-year culms. Compared to young culms that had not yet flowered, the 3-month-old and 1-year-old flowering culms had a significant decrease in the fiber length and tangential diameter, and their holocellulose and lignin levels also decreased, while the levels of ash, SiO2, 1% NaOH extractives, and benzene-ethanol extractives increased. A correlation analysis showed that sugar catabolism was accelerated in the flowering cluster, which could lead to "starvation death" in bamboo and which had a significant negative impact on the anatomical and chemical properties of the bamboo culms. Generally, the flowering bamboo culms had shorter fibers, higher levels of extractives and ash, and lower holocellulose content, which indicated that bamboo flowering has an adverse effect on the application of such components in the production of pulp, in papermaking, and in other processing and utilization activities. This study revealed the physiological changes in flowering B. tuldoides culms and provided a theoretical basis to inform the utilization of culms in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yufang Wu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Anmian Zhang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Sushuang Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Dejia Yang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Yu X, Liu Y, Cao P, Zeng X, Xu B, Luo F, Yang X, Wang X, Wang X, Xiao X, Yang L, Lei T. Morphological Structure and Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Drought Stress of Iris japonica. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3729. [PMID: 37960085 PMCID: PMC10648531 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is among the most important abiotic stresses on plants, so research on the physiological regulation mechanisms of plants under drought stress can critically increase the economic and ecological value of plants in arid regions. In this study, the effects of drought stress on the growth status and biochemical indicators of Iris japonica were explored. Under drought stress, the root system, leaves, rhizomes, and terrestrial stems of plants were sequentially affected; the root system was sparse and slender; and the leaves lost their luster and gradually wilted. Among the physiological changes, the increase in the proline and soluble protein content of Iris japonica enhanced the cellular osmotic pressure and reduced the water loss. In anatomical structures, I. japonica chloroplasts were deformed after drought treatment, whereas the anatomical structures of roots did not substantially change. Plant antioxidant systems play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis; but, as drought stress intensified, the soluble sugar content of terrestrial stems was reduced by 55%, and the ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities of leaves and the MDHAR activity of roots were reduced by 29%, 40%, 22%, and 77%, respectively. Overall, I. japonica was resistant to 63 days of severe drought stress and resisted drought through various physiological responses. These findings provide a basis for the application of I. japonica in water-scarce areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Panpan Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Fuwen Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiantong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Xue Xiao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.L.); (P.C.); (X.Z.); (B.X.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (X.W.); (X.W.); (L.Y.); (T.L.)
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10
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Zhao XM, Wang QY, Liu QL, Yang D. [Research Progress in Adjacent Anatomical Structure and Location of Cricothyroid Membrane]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2023; 45:677-682. [PMID: 37654149 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.15093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Cricothyroid membrane puncture and incision,the key techniques to save the lives of the patients in the Can't Intubate,Can't Oxygenate (CICO) emergency,need to be mastered by all the airway management staff.However,the decision to carry out cricothyroid membrane puncture or incision is often delayed due to the unfamiliarity with the adjacent anatomical structure of the cricothyroid membrane and the inability to accurately locate the cricothyroid membrane.As a result,serious complications and rescue failure occur.Therefore,airway management staff should be familiar with the adjacent structure and positioning methods of the cricothyroid membrane,so as to improve the success rate of emergency airway rescue,reduce complications,and protect the airway and life safety of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Min Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology,Plastic Surgery Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100144,China
| | - Qian-Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology,Plastic Surgery Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100144,China
| | - Quan-le Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology,Plastic Surgery Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100144,China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology,Plastic Surgery Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100144,China
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11
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Guo PR, Wu LL, Wang Y, Liu D, Li JA. Effects of Drought Stress on the Morphological Structure and Flower Organ Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Flower Buds. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2585. [PMID: 37447146 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigations on the impact of drought stress on the reproductive growth of C. oleifera have been relatively limited compared to the extensive research conducted on its nutritional growth. To study the effects of drought stress on the growth and development of C. oleifera flower buds, we investigated the effects of drought stress on the bud anatomical structure, relative water content, relative electrical conductivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmoregulation substance content, and hormone contents of C. oleifera using 4-year-old potted plants ('Huaxin' cultivar) as experimental materials. We observed C. oleifera flower bud shrinkage, faded pollen colour, shortened style length, decreased relative water content, increased relative electrical conductivity, and decreased pollen germination rate under drought stress. As the stress treatment duration increased, the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) contents, as well as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities increased. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormones indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) increased, whereas those of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) decreased, and those of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin a3 (GA3) first increased and then decreased. Compared to the control group, the drought treatment group exhibited stronger antioxidant capacity, water regulation ability, and drought stress protection. These results indicate that C. oleifera is adaptable to drought-prone environments. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of drought resistance in C. oleifera, as well as the development of water management strategies for cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center, Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center, Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ling-Li Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center, Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center, Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center, Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center, Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center, Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center, Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jian-An Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products of Forestry Ministry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center, Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
- Camellia Oil Tree Research Institute, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- The Belt and Road International Union Research Center, Tropical Arid Non-wood Forest in Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China
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12
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Li Y, Cheng X, Lai J, Zhou Y, Lei T, Yang L, Li J, Yu X, Gao S. ISSR molecular markers and anatomical structures can assist in rapid and directional screening of cold-tolerant seedling mutants of medicinal and ornamental plant in Plumbago indica L. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1149669. [PMID: 37465387 PMCID: PMC10350533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Plumbago indica L. is a perennial herb with ornamental and anticancer medicinal functions widely distributed in the tropics. It is affected by temperature and cannot bloom normally in colder subtropical regions, which seriously affects its ornamental value. To create low-temperature resistance mutants and enrich new germplasm resources, this study used tissue culture and chemical reagent (0.5 mmol/L NaN3) and low-temperature stress (0°C, full darkness for 48h) induction to target and screen for cold-resistance mutants. The results showed that the ISSR band polymorphism ratio of the 24 suspected mutant materials was 87.5%. The DNA profiles of the 9 mutants initially identified were altered. The content of plumbagin in the stems and leaves of the mutants was examined, and it was found that the accumulation in the leaves of the mutant SA24 could be as high as 3.84 times that of the control, which was 0.5991%. There were significant differences in the anatomical structures of roots, stems and leaves. The mutants mostly exhibited reduced root diameter (only 0.17-0.69 times that of CK), increased stem diameter (up to 2.19 times that of CK), enlarged mesophyll cells, increased thickness (up to 1.83 times that of CK) and high specificity, which are thought to be important for the different cold resistance obtained by the mutants. In the cold resistance experiment, four cold-tolerant mutants were successfully screened according to their morphological characteristics and physiological indexes, and the mutagenesis efficiency could be as high as 2.22% and did not affect the accumulation of plumbagin in their stems and leaves, even higher than CK. The responses of the screened mutants SA15, SA19, SA23 and SA24 to low temperature showed slower leaf wilting, higher light energy conversion efficiency, less accumulation of MDA content, increased enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD) and more accumulation of soluble sugars and proline content. These characteristics are consistent with the response of cold-resistance plants to low temperatures. The cold- resistance mutants cultivated in soil were observed of agronomic and ornamental traits for one year, mainly manifested as delayed flowering and delayed entry into the senescence stage. This study provides a more rapid and accurate technique for identifying and screening cold-tolerant mutants, and lays the foundation for future experiments on the creation of new cold-resistant varieties.
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Ye Y, Wang Y, Zhu J, Huang R, Yu Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Wei Z, Han Y, Zhou N, Li P, Li Y. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tertiary androgenetic alopecia with severe alopecia areata based on high-resolution MRI. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13393. [PMID: 37522498 PMCID: PMC10280341 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM No previous study investigated the anatomical changes of the scalp and hair follicles between tertiary androgenetic alopecia and severe alopecia areata using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI). This study aimed to explore the value of HR-MRI in assessing alopecia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight people were included in this study. The imaging indicators of the vertex and occipital scalp were recorded and compared. The logistic regression model was developed for the indicators that differed between tertiary androgenetic alopecia and severe alopecia areata. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the model for tertiary androgenetic alopecia and severe alopecia areata. RESULTS At the vertex, the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue layer, follicle depth, relative follicle depth, total number of follicles within a 2-cm distance, and number of strands reaching the middle and upper third of the subcutaneous fat layer within a 2-cm distance were statistically different between patients with tertiary androgenetic alopecia, those with severe alopecia areata, and healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). The logistic regression model suggested that the subcutaneous tissue layer thickness was important in discriminating tertiary androgenetic alopecia from severe alopecia areata. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and best cutoff values of the subcutaneous tissue layer were 0.886, 94.4%, 70%, and 4.31 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HR-MRI can observe the changes in anatomical structures of the scalp and hair follicles in patients with alopecia. HR-MRI can be applied to the differential diagnosis of tertiary androgenetic alopecia and severe alopecia areata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ye
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of DermatologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Jingfeng Zhu
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Renjun Huang
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiuyu Yu
- Department of RadiologyRun Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of DermatologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zifan Wei
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yunjian Han
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Naihui Zhou
- Department of DermatologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ping Li
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of RadiologyThe First Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Tang F, Sun P, Zhang Q, Zhong F, Wang Y, Lu M. Insight into the formation of trumpet and needle-type leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1081280. [PMID: 36570947 PMCID: PMC9780455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The leaf type of a plant determines its photosynthetic efficiency and adaptation to the environment. The normal leaves of modern Ginkgo biloba, which is known as a "living fossil" in gymnosperm, evolved from needle-like to fan-shaped with obvious dichotomous venation. However, a newly discovered Ginkgo variety "SongZhen" have different leaf types on a tree, including needle-, trumpet-, strip-, and deeply split fan-shaped leaves. In order to explore the mechanism in forming these leaf types, the microscopy of different leaf types and transcriptome analysis of apical buds of branches with normal or abnormal leaves were performed. We found that the normal leaf was in an intact and unfolded fan shape, and the abnormal leaf was basically split into two parts from the petiole, and each exhibited different extent of variation. The needle-type leaves were the extreme, having no obvious palisade and spongy tissues, and the phloem cells were scattered and surrounded by xylem cells, while the trumpet-type leaves with normal vascular bundles curled inward to form a loop from the abaxial to adaxial side. The other type of leaves had the characteristics among needle-type, trumpet-type, or normal leaves. The transcriptome analysis and quantitative PCR showed that the genes related to abaxial domain were highly expressed, while the adaxial domain promoting genes were decreasingly expressed in abnormal-type leaf (ANL) buds and abnormal leaves, which might lead to the obvious abaxialized leaves of "SongZhen." In addition, the low expression of genes related to leaf boundary development in ANL buds indicated that single- or double-needle (trumpet) leaves might also be due to the leaf tissue fusion. This study provides an insight into the mechanism of the development of the abnormal leaves in "SongZhen" and lays a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanism of the leaf development in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of The National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Kuang X, Wang W, Hu J, Liu W, Zeng W. Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of manganese in Daucus carota in relation to its tolerance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:947882. [PMID: 36275550 PMCID: PMC9582765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Daucus carota is a biennial herb of the Umbelliferae family, which is a candidate plant for the phytoremediation of Mn pollution. To reveal the mechanism of this plant to adapt to Mn stress, plant growth, anatomical structure, Mn accumulation characteristic, Mn subcellular distribution, and chemical forms of D. carota under six Mn2+ concentrations by pot culture experiments were studied. The results showed that with the rising Mn concentrations, the total dry weight and leaf area of D. carota increased firstly and then decreased, while the specific leaf area increased. The thickness of the main vein, upper epidermis, and lower epidermis; the thickness of the palisade tissue; and the thickness of the spongy tissue of the leaves increased firstly and then decreased. The Mn content in the aboveground and underground parts of D. carota increased, and the values of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were higher than 1. The Mn existing in the cell wall and soluble components accounted for the largest proportion, and the proportion of Mn in the cell wall increased with increasing concentrations of Mn. In addition, Mn mainly existed in ethanol extraction state, deionized water extraction state, and sodium chloride extraction state. The results showed that D. carota could alleviate the damage caused by high manganese concentration by storing most of manganese in the cell wall and vacuole and existing in the form of low-activity state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbin Zeng
- *Correspondence: Wensheng Liu, ; Wenbin Zeng,
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16
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Li T, Ren J, He W, Wang Y, Wen X, Wang X, Ye M, Chen G, Zhao K, Hou G, Li X, Fan C. Anatomical structure interpretation of the effect of soil environment on fine root function. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:993127. [PMID: 36110353 PMCID: PMC9470114 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine root anatomy plays an important role in understanding the relationship between fine root function and soil environment. However, in different soil environments, the variation of fine root anatomical structure in different root sequences is not well studied. We measured the soil conditions and anatomical structure characteristics (root diameter, cortical tissue, vascular tissue and xylem) of fine roots of Cupressus funebris in four experimental sites, and analyzed each level of fine roots separately. We link these data to understand the relationship between fine root anatomy and soil conditions. We found that the anatomical structure of fine roots is closely related to soil environmental factors. The fine roots of lower root order are mainly affected by soil nutrients. Among them, the cortical tissue of first-order fine roots was positively correlated with potassium and phosphorus, but negatively correlated with nitrogen, while second- and third-order fine roots was positively correlated with soil total potassium and negatively correlated with nitrogen and phosphorus. For the fine roots of high root order, the cortical tissue disappeared, and the secondary vascular tissue was mainly affected by soil moisture. In addition, we also found that the division of fine root functional groups is not fixed. On the one hand, the function of third-order fine roots will slip. For example, the decrease of soil moisture will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into transport roots, and the reduction of nitrogen will promote the transformation of third-order fine roots into absorption roots to fix nitrogen. This transformation strategy can effectively prevent the restriction of soil nutrients on plant growth. On the other hand, with the change of habitat, the first- and second-order fine roots are still the absorbing root, and the fourth- and fifth-order fine roots are still the transport root, but the efficiency of absorption and transport will be affected. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the fine roots in different soil environment to show high levels of plasticity, shows that fine root anatomical structure changes may make plants, and reveals that the fine is just order of reaction and its mechanism in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochen Wen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuangji Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guirong Hou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Della Posta D, Branca JJV, Guarnieri G, Veltro C, Pacini A, Paternostro F. Modularity of the Human Musculoskeletal System: The Correlation between Functional Structures by Computer Tools Analysis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081186. [PMID: 36013365 PMCID: PMC9410413 DOI: 10.3390/life12081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For many years, anatomical studies have been conducted with a shattered view of the body. Although the study of the different apparatuses provides a systemic view of the human body, the reconstruction of the complex network of anatomical structures is crucial for the understanding of structural and functional integration. Aim: We used network analysis to investigate the connection between the whole-body osteo-myofascial structures of the human musculoskeletal system. Materials and Methods: The musculoskeletal network was performed using the aNETomy® anatomical network with the implementation of the open-source software Cytoscape for data entry. Results: The initial graph was applied with a network consisting of 2298 body parts (nodes) and 7294 links, representing the musculoskeletal system. Considering the same weighted and unweighted osteo-myofascial network, a different distribution was obtained, suggesting both a topological organization and functional behavior of the network structure. Conclusions: Overall, we provide a deeply detailed anatomical network map of the whole-body musculoskeletal system that can be a useful tool for the comprehensive understanding of every single structure within the complex morphological organization, which could be of particular interest in the study of rehabilitation of movement dysfunctions.
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Shalaby TA, Taha NA, Rakha MT, El-Beltagi HS, Shehata WF, Ramadan KMA, El-Ramady H, Bayoumi YA. Can Grafting Manage Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber and Increase Productivity under Heat Stress? Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11091147. [PMID: 35567148 PMCID: PMC9106052 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber production is considered a crucial problem under biotic and abiotic stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones. The current study investigated the impact of grafted cucumber plants on five cucurbit rootstocks under infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum alone and in combination with heat stress in two different locations (i.e., Kafr El-Sheikh and Sidi Salem) during the year of 2021. The rootstock of VSS-61 F1 displayed the highest level of resistance with values 20.8 and 16.6% for wilt incidence and 79.2 and 83.4% for the wilt reduction, respectively for both locations. This rootstock showed the lowest disease severity of fusarium wilt (15.3 and 12%), and high grafting efficiency (85 and 88%), respectively in both locations. Grafting also improved plant vigor and cucumber production under heat stress (40-43 °C). The rootstocks VSS-61 F1, Ferro and Super Shintoza significantly increased the total yield of cucumber plants compared to non-grafted cucumber and the rootstock Bottle gourd in both locations. Further studies are needed on grafted plants under multiple stresses in terms of plant biological levels, including physiological, biochemical and genetic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Shalaby
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Naglaa A. Taha
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed T. Rakha
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.A.S.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Plant Production Department, College of Environmental Agricultural Science, El–Arish University, North Sinai 45511, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. A. Ramadan
- Central Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi Street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Yousry A. Bayoumi
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.T.R.); (Y.A.B.)
- Physiology & Breeding of Horticultural Crops Laboratory, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
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Liu J, Xiu ZB, Lin QX, Lu LM, Guo ZX, Gong YR. [Ultrasound anatomy and needle-knife insertion approach of common tendon lesions in knee osteoarthritis based on meridian sinew theory]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2021; 41:892-6. [PMID: 34369701 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20200713-k0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the ultrasonic anatomical characteristics and needle-knife insertion approach of common tendon lesions in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to provide the references for accurate release of KOA by needle- knife along tendon lesions based on meridian sinew theory. METHODS Sixty patients with one-knee KOA were selected. High-frequency musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to collect sonograms at the anatomical positions of "Hedingci" "Binwaixia" "Binneixia" and "Yinlingshang". The anatomic levels were marked on the sonograms. The anatomic levels and sonographic features of lesions were compared and analyzed, and the relevant data of needle-knife simulation approach was measured. RESULTS The "Hedingci" lesions were mainly located at the attachment of quadriceps tendon to patella and suprapatellar bursa. The "Binwaixia" and "Binneixia" lesions were mainly located at the attachment of retinaculum patellae laterale and retinaculum patellae mediale to patella and infrapatellar fat pad. The "Yinlingshang" lesions were mainly located at the attachment of goose foot tendon to medial tibial condyle and bursa of goose foot. With "Hedingci" as an example, when the needle-knife entry point was 1 cm above the patella, the attachment of quadriceps tendon to patella was released, and the average depth of needle-knife was (3.60±0.10) cm, and the needle body was perpendicular to the skin. The average depth of needle-knife for releasing suprapatellar bursa was (2.35±0.17) cm, and the needle body was 45° towards head. CONCLUSION The musculoskeletal ultrasound could clearly show the local detailed anatomical level, ultrasonic characteristics and anatomical level of common tendon lesions of KOA, and could improve the accuracy of needle-knife along tendon lesions with non-direct vision, which has important reference value for needle-knife medical standardization and standardized operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhong-Biao Xiu
- First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Fuzhou 350004, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Sports Rehabilitation of TCM of Ministry of Education; Fujian Institute of Orthopedics
| | | | - Li-Ming Lu
- College of TCM, Fujian University of TCM
| | | | - Yu-Rong Gong
- First Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of TCM, Fuzhou 350004, China
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20
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Zhang J, Guo X, Qiao Q, Zhao J, Wang X. Anatomical Study of the Hepatic Veins in Segment 4 of the Liver Using Three-Dimensional Visualization. Front Surg 2021; 8:702280. [PMID: 34414210 PMCID: PMC8369033 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.702280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The current study aimed to examine the anatomical structure of the hepatic vein of segment IV liver (S4) of the liver using three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in order to explore the surgical value of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) manipulation and highlight the importance of current research in hepatic surgery. Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2019, 52 patients with abdominal diseases(not including hepatic disease) were selected for multiphasic computed tomography-enhanced scans of the upper abdomen. A 3D visualization system was utilized to display the structural details of the hepatic veins in S4 of their livers. Couinaud's eight-segment classification system was used to denote the liver' sections. Results: The constructed 3D model clearly displayed vascular morphological characteristics and their location in the liver, hepatic artery and vein system, and portal vein system. Of the 52 patients, 43 had an umbilical fissure vein (UFV) (82.7%), 19 had an accessory S4 liver vein (36.5%), 16 had both a UFV (30.8%) and an accessory S4 liver vein, and 6 had neither (11.5%). A total of 79% of the patients with a UFV and 74.2% of those with an accessory S4 liver vein had venous blood returning into the left hepatic vein. Conclusion: 3D visualization technology was used to determine hepatic venous return of S4 hepatic veins and was found to improve the safety of evaluation in hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochao Guo
- Department of Imaging, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qilu Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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21
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Wang YP, Gao HH, Zhang F, Chen LX, Sun WB. [Altitudinal phenotypic plasticity of leaf characteristics of Polygonum viviparum]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2021; 32:2070-2078. [PMID: 34212613 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We investigated leaf tissue structure, leaf epidermis characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Polygonum viviparum at different altitudes (2300, 3200 and 3900 m) on the Qilian Mountain, using paraffin section, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy methods. The results showed that plant leaves were typical bifacial. With increasing altitude, the number of leaf epidermal hair reduced but the diameter of hair increased, with more compact of the cuticular wax layer on leaf lower epidermis. Leaf thickness reached a maximum at 3200 m and was increased by 39.6% and 50.5%, respectively, compared with that from 2300 m and 3900 m. From 2300 m to 3200 m, the cell layers of palisade tissue increased from two to three, while intercellular space decreased. The cell layer of spongy tissue did not change, whereas intercellular space increased with increasing altitude. At 3900 m, the number of cell layer of palisade tissue reduced to two, epidermal cell volume and the intercellular space of palisade tissue increased while the intercellular space of spongy tissue decreased. The thickness of epidermal cell increased. There was no significant difference among three altitudes in the number of cell layers. The accumulation of surface appurtenances and the substomatal appendages, and stomata density of lower epidermis increased with altitude. Meanwhile, the position of stomata changed from arched epidermis to invagination. From 2300 m to 3200 m, the grana lamella increased from 6-9 to 8-12 and then reduced to 2-3 at 3900 m. The number of grana decreased, the lamellae became dense, the arrangement direction of grana was irregular at 3900 m. The chloroplasts swelling and the envelope partially degradation could be observed. The correlations among the anatomical characteristics of leaves indicated an apparent co-evolution between parts of anatomical indices in the leaves. In particular, indices such as spongy tissue thickness exhibited high plasticity across altitudes. Our results suggested that diffe-rences in anatomical structure and ultrastructure characteristics of P. viviparum along altitude were adaptation strategies for the complicated alpine heterogeneous habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.,Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li-Xiang Chen
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wen-Bin Sun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement/Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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El-Naseery NI, Mohammed AAA, Abuel-Atta AA, Ghonimi WAM. Species-specific differences of the avian oesophagus: Histological and Ultrastructural study. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:788-800. [PMID: 34180555 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oesophagus is a muscular tube comprised of cervical and thoracic regions. Several studies have clarified the histological structure of the oesophagus. However, its histoarchitecture in relation to variable dietary habits of each species is still unclear. In the current study, 21 pigeons, cattle egrets and ducks, n = 7, each was used. Macroscopically, the oesophagus of cattle egrets either the cervical or thoracic parts was the longest among the pigeons and ducks. Histologically, the oesophagus comprised of four distinct tunicae: mucosa, propria submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa. A great structural variation in these layers among the three investigated species was recorded. In the cervical oesophagus of pigeons, the superficial squamous cells showed perinuclear halo zone, the propria submucosa was characteristically lacked any gland. Moreover, its musculosa was very thick. On the other hand, the intraepithelial glands were characteristically distributed along the whole length of the cattle egret's oesophagus. Interestingly, the cervical esophagus of the ducks showed submucosal associated lymphatic tissue; diffuse and nodular Ultrastructurally, the oesophageal glands showed secretory granules of variable electron densities, electron-lucent in the pigeons and ducks and electron-dense in the cattle egrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma I El-Naseery
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A A Mohammed
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Awad Abuel-Atta
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wael A M Ghonimi
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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23
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Villarini B, Asaturyan H, Kurugol S, Afacan O, Bell JD, Thomas EL. 3D Deep Learning for Anatomical Structure Segmentation in Multiple Imaging Modalities. Proc IEEE Int Symp Comput Based Med Syst 2021; 2021:166-171. [PMID: 35224185 PMCID: PMC8867534 DOI: 10.1109/cbms52027.2021.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, quantitative segmentation of anatomical structures in radiological scans, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computer Tomography (CT), can produce significant biomarkers and can be integrated into computer-aided assisted diagnosis (CADx) systems to support the interpretation of medical images from multi-protocol scanners. However, there are serious challenges towards developing robust automated segmentation techniques, including high variations in anatomical structure and size, the presence of edge-based artefacts, and heavy un-controlled breathing that can produce blurred motion-based artefacts. This paper presents a novel computing approach for automatic organ and muscle segmentation in medical images from multiple modalities by harnessing the advantages of deep learning techniques in a two-part process. (1) a 3D encoder-decoder, Rb-UNet, builds a localisation model and a 3D Tiramisu network generates a boundary-preserving segmentation model for each target structure; (2) the fully trained Rb-UNet predicts a 3D bounding box encapsulating the target structure of interest, after which the fully trained Tiramisu model performs segmentation to reveal detailed organ or muscle boundaries. The proposed approach is evaluated on six different datasets, including MRI, Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI and CT scans targeting the pancreas, liver, kidneys and psoas-muscle and achieves quantitative measures of mean Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) that surpass or are comparable with the state-of-the-art. A qualitative evaluation performed by two independent radiologists verified the preservation of detailed organ and muscle boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hykoush Asaturyan
- School of Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sila Kurugol
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Onur Afacan
- Department of Radiology Boston Children’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Liu W, Zheng L, Qi D. Variation in leaf traits at different altitudes reflects the adaptive strategy of plants to environmental changes. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8166-8175. [PMID: 32788969 PMCID: PMC7417217 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf anatomical traits play key roles in plant functions and display evolutionary adaptive changes to suit the surrounding environment. To reveal the adaptive mode and mechanisms of plants in response to global warming, we analyzed leaf morphology and anatomical structures in three different species, Epilobium amurense Hausskn., Pedicularis densispica Franch., and Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook., growing along an elevational gradient (3,000-4,600 m) in the Yulong Mountains. The results showed leaf length and width decreased, whereas leaf thickness increased with increasing altitude in all three species. Thickness of leaf upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, and main vein increased with rising altitude. Stomatal density in each species increased with rising elevation. These results illustrate that plants can adapt to the environmental changes that accompany high altitudes by decreasing leaf area and increasing leaf thickness, mesophyll tissue thickness, and stomatal density. Such morphological and anatomical plasticity would lead to lower transpiration rates, enhanced internal temperature and water status, and improved photosynthetic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Liu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Danhui Qi
- Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingChina
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Zhou P, Guan J, Xu P, Zhao J, Zhang C, Zhang B, Mao Y, Cui W. Cell Therapeutic Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:585-605. [PMID: 31637103 PMCID: PMC6798812 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder that resulted from destroyed long axis of spinal cord, affecting thousands of people every year. With the occurrence of SCI, the lesions can form cystic cavities and produce glial scar, myelin inhibitor, and inflammation that negatively impact repair of spinal cord. Therefore, SCI remains a difficult problem to overcome with present therapeutics. This review of cell therapeutics in SCI provides a systematic review of combinatory therapeutics of SCI and helps the realization of regeneration of spinal cord in the future. Recent Advances: With major breakthroughs in neurobiology in recent years, present therapeutic strategies for SCI mainly aim at nerve regeneration or neuroprotection. For nerve regeneration, the application approaches are tissue engineering and cell transplantation, while drug therapeutics is applied for neuroprotection. Cell therapeutics is a new approach that treats SCI by cell transplantation. Cell therapeutics possesses advantages of neuroprotection, immune regulation, axonal regeneration, neuron relay formation, and remyelination. Critical Issues: Neurons cannot regenerate at the site of injury. Therefore, it is essential to find a repair strategy for remyelination, axon regeneration, and functional recovery. Cell therapeutics is emerging as the most promising approach for treating SCI. Future Directions: The future application of SCI therapy in clinical practice may require a combination of multiple strategies. A comprehensive treatment of injury of spinal cord is the focus of the present research. With the combination of different cell therapy strategies, future experiments will achieve more dramatic success in spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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26
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Choi JH, Lee D, O'Connor L, Chalup S, Welsh JS, Dowling J, Greer PB. Bulk Anatomical Density Based Dose Calculation for Patient-Specific Quality Assurance of MRI-Only Prostate Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:997. [PMID: 31632921 PMCID: PMC6783518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer treatment planning can be performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only with sCT scans. However, sCT scans are computer generated from MRI data and therefore robust, efficient, and accurate patient-specific quality assurance methods for dosimetric verification are required. Bulk anatomical density (BAD) maps can be generated based on anatomical contours derived from the MRI image. This study investigates and optimizes the BAD map approach for sCT quality assurance with a large patient CT and MRI dataset. 3D T2-weighted MRI and full density CT images of 54 patients were used to create BAD maps with different tissue class combinations. Mean Hounsfield units (HU) of Fat (F: below -30 HU), the entire Tissue [T: excluding bone (B)], and Muscle (M: excluding bone and fat) were derived from the CT scans. CT based BAD maps (BADBT,CT and BADBMF,CT) and a conventional bone and water bulk-density method (BADBW,CT) were compared to full CT calculations with bone assignments to 366 HU (measured) and 288 HU (obtained from literature). Optimal bulk densities of Tissue for BADBT,CT and Bone for BADBMF,CT were derived to provide zero mean isocenter dose agreement to the CT plan. Using the optimal densities, the dose agreement of BADBT,CT and BADBMF,CT to CT was redetermined. These maps were then created for the MRI dataset using auto-generated contours and dose calculations compared to CT. The average mean density of Bone, Fat, Muscle, and Tissue were 365.5 ± 62.2, -109.5 ± 12.9, 23.3 ± 9.7, and -46.3 ± 15.2 HU, respectively. Comparing to other bulk-density maps, BADBMF,CT maps provided the closest dose to CT. Calculated optimal mean densities of Tissue and Bone were -32.7 and 323.7 HU, respectively. The isocenter dose agreement of the optimal density assigned BADBT,CT and BADBMF,CT to full density CT were 0.10 ± 0.65% and 0.01 ± 0.45%, respectively. The isocenter dose agreement of MRI generated BADBT,MR and BADBMF,MR to full density CT were -0.15 ± 0.90% and -0.16 ± 0.65%, respectively. The BAD method with optimal bulk densities can provide robust, accurate and efficient patient-specific quality assurance for dose calculations in MRI-only radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyuk Choi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Danny Lee
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephan Chalup
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - James S. Welsh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Dowling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter B. Greer
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Guan M, Zhang J, Jia Y, Cao X, Lou X, Li Y, Gao X. Middle ear structure and transcanal approach appropriate for middle ear surgery in rabbits. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1248-1255. [PMID: 30679999 PMCID: PMC6327628 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the middle ear structure and surgical approach appropriate for middle ear surgery in rabbits. A total of eight healthy New Zealand rabbits (16 ears) were dissected under a surgical microscope. The dimensions of the auditory canal and the middle ear were measured. In the present study, the transcanal surgical approach to the middle ear in rabbits was performed without complications, the anatomical landmarks in the auricle and the external auditory canal were apparent, no large vessels were present in the surgical zone and the bleeding was minor. Furthermore, the surgical procedure did not require removal of large bone sections of the external auditory canal. Additionally, the constitution of the ossicular chain, the leverage ratio of the ossicular chain and the constitution of ligaments and muscles in rabbits were similar to humans. Otherwise, the facial nerve canal in rabbits was more prominent compared with humans and the mobility of pars flaccida in rabbits was more noticeable compared with humans. The results of the current study indicate that the transcanal surgical approach was suitable to study the middle ear in rabbits. Furthermore, the rabbit middle ear may be used as a model for ossicular surgery and facial nerve research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yuezhi Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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28
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Li X, Liu Y, Hao J, Wang W. Study of Almond Shell Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E1782. [PMID: 30235858 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large amount of almond shells are disposed of every year. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of almond shells are investigated in this paper in order to contribute to better utilization of these shells. The micromorphology, surface elements, thermal stability, crystallization, chemical composition, and relative properties of almond shells are analyzed. Under observation by microscope and electron microscope, the diameter of almond shells is 300⁻500 μm for large holes, and 40⁻60 μm for small holes present in the shell. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the elements of almond shells include C (72.27%), O (22.88%), N (3.87%), and Si (0.87%). The main chemical constituents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in almond shells account for 38.48%, 28.82% and 29.54%, respectively. The alkaline extract content of almond shells is 14.03%, and benzene alcohol extraction is 8.00%. The benzene alcohol extractives of almond shells mainly contain 17 types of organic compound, including benzene ring, ethylene, carbon three bond, and other mufti-functional groups. Thermal stability analysis shows almond shells mainly lose weight at 260 °C and 335 °C. These characteristics indicate that almond shells have the capacity to be used in composites and absorption materials.
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Abstract
In order to accurately understand the location of Shenshu (BL 23) and to improve the efficacy of acupuncture, a discussion is performed in this paper from aspects of acupoint function, anatomical structure, experiment research, clinical application, etc., hoping to provide benefit for future animal experiments and clinical selection of acupoint. The characteristics of rat spine is different from that of human, and the reliability and authenticity of acupoint location would be compromised if the anatomical characteristics of human was inflexibly applied on animals. "Shenshu" (BL 23) belongs to the bladder meridian of foot taiyang, and is located 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. It is close to kidney, therefore deep insertion or repeated lifting and thrusting of needle would damage kidney and causes acupuncture accident. Therefore, to locate "Shenshu" (BL 23) in rat, the 6th lumbar vertebra is located firstly based on tuber coxae of rat, and then 11th thoracic vertebra is located by upward 4 vertebral bodies or locate 9th to 11th thoracic vertebra which are tight, and finally 2nd lumbar vertebra is located by downward 4 vertebral bodies, and "Shenshu" (BL 23) is 5 mm lateral to it. During clinical treatment, the technique should be gentle; oblique and outward insertion of needle is not allowed; the maximum depth of needle insertion is 1.6 cun (approximately 4.30 cm); the vertical or oblique insertion with needle 45° towards spine is appropriate; the depth of 0.8 to 1.2 cun (2.00 to 3.10 cm) is suitable. In cases of too thin or fat patients, the depth of needle insertion should be adjusted for safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital(Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, Hubei Province, China
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Li RX, Jin XL, Hu XJ, Chai YX, Cai MY, Luo F, Zhang FJ. [Analysis and comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance of six varieties of Michelia]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2017; 28:1464-1472. [PMID: 29745181 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201705.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Taking six varieties of Michelia as test materials, their responses under cold situation in the field were investigated and the semilethal low temperatures were calculated by fitting Logistic equation. The nine structure indexes of leaf tissue were observed by paraffin section, and a comprehensive evaluation on cold resistance of different varieties was given according to subordinate function value analysis. The results showed that the relative electrical conductivity of six varieties of Michelia was significantly positively correlated with the semilethal low temperature (LT50) of 3 h 0-25 ℃ treatment. From high to low, the order of LT50, which ranged between -20.48 ℃and -8.67 ℃, was M. maudiae > M. maudiae var. rubicunda > M. wilsonii > M. 'liubanhanxiao' ♀× M. shiluensis ♂ > M. platypetala > M. 'liubanhanxiao'. The epidermal anticlinal walls of six varieties of Michelia leaves had 1-2 layers and showed slightly sinuated shape. The leaf had 1-3 layers of palisade tissue cells and the differences among the indexes of nine anatomical structures were extremely significant. The thickness of palisade tissue, ratio between palisade tissue and spongy tissue, and thickness of the vein were the key factors affecting cold resistance. The order of cold resistance of six varieties of Michelia, from the strong to the weak, was M. 'liubanhanxiao' > M. platypetala > M. 'liubanhanxiao' ♀× M. shiluensis ♂>M. wilsonii > M. maudiae var. rubicunda > M. maudiae, which was basically consistent with the result of field investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014.,Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Ling Jin
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014
| | - Xi Jun Hu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014.,Research Centre of Development and Utilization Technology of Environment Plant Resources in Hunan Province, Changsha 410014
| | - Yi Xia Chai
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014
| | - Meng Ying Cai
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014
| | - Feng Luo
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014
| | - Fang Jing Zhang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410014
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Wu XJ, Sun S, Xing GM, Wang GL, Wang F, Xu ZS, Tian YS, Hou XL, Xiong AS. Elevated Carbon Dioxide Altered Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics, Ascorbic Acid Accumulation, and Related Gene Expression during Taproot Development in Carrots. Front Plant Sci 2017; 7:2026. [PMID: 28119712 PMCID: PMC5221676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased significantly in recent decades and is projected to rise in the future. The effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on morphological and anatomical characteristics, and nutrient accumulation have been determined in several plant species. Carrot is an important vegetable and the effects of elevated CO2 on carrots remain unclear. To investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on the growth of carrots, two carrot cultivars ('Kurodagosun' and 'Deep purple') were treated with ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 μmol⋅mol-1) and elevated CO2 (e[CO2], 3000 μmol⋅mol-1) concentrations. Under e[CO2] conditions, taproot and shoot fresh weights and the root/shoot ratio of carrot significantly decreased as compared with the control group. Elevated CO2 resulted in obvious changes in anatomy and ascorbic acid accumulation in carrot roots. Moreover, the transcript profiles of 12 genes related to AsA biosynthesis and recycling were altered in response to e[CO2]. The 'Kurodagosun' and 'Deep purple' carrots differed in sensitivity to e[CO2]. The inhibited carrot taproot and shoot growth treated with e[CO2] could partly lead to changes in xylem development. This study provided novel insights into the effects of e[CO2] on the growth and development of carrots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu, China
| | - Guang-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xi-Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Pan Y, Dou WB, Wang YH, Luo HW, Ge YX, Yan SY, Xu Q, Tu YY, Xiao YQ, Wu Q, Zheng ZZ, Zhao HL. Non-concomitant cortical structural and functional alterations in sensorimotor areas following incomplete spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:2059-2066. [PMID: 29323046 PMCID: PMC5784355 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.221165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI (mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male:female, 7:11) and 18 healthy subjects (37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male:female, 7:11) were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex (BA1) and left primary motor cortex (BA4), and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex (BA5) was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-ROC-17013566).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bei Dou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Heng Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Wen Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Ge
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yu Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Qing Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo-Zhao Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
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上颌后牙区无牙位点在锥形束CT中的解剖学表现. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 34. [PMID: 27266205 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the bone anatomy of edentulous sites in the posterior maxillary by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A total of 100 CBCT radiographs from patients with missing maxillary posterior teeth were obtained, resulting in a sample size of 217 edentulous sites. The width and height of edentulous were assessed by three-dimensional reconstruction. In addition, the angle A and morphology of the maxillary sinus walls were evaluated. RESULTS The mean bone height was 9.53 mm, and the percentage of sites than 10 mm was 62.67% (136/217). The mean bone width was 9.30 mm, and the percentage of sites more than 6 mm was 91.71% (199/217). The bone height decreased from premolar to molar areas, but the opposite trend was observed in bone width. Regarding the morphology of the sinus floor, 64.52% exhibited an oblique configuration. In angle A, the group of less than 30° was 10.14%, 30°-60° was 42.40%, and greater than 60° was 47.47%. CONCLUSION A high percentage of edentulous sites in the posterior maxillary requires sinus floor elevation to allow the placement of dental implants. Thus, the use of CBCT scans is recommended to evaluate the anatomical structure of the maxillary sinus for reasonable implant planning.
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Jin B, Tang L, Lu Y, Wang D, Zhang M, Ma J. Temporal and spatial characteristics of male cone development in Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng. Plant Signal Behav 2012; 7:1687-1694. [PMID: 23221679 PMCID: PMC3578910 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, a famous relic species of conifer that survived in China, has been successfully planted in large numbers across the world. However, limited information on male cone development in the species is available. In this study, we observed the morphological and anatomical changes that occur during male cone development in M. glyptostroboides using semi-thin sections and scanning electron microscopy. The male cones were borne oppositely on one-year-old twigs that were mainly located around the outer and sunlit parts of crown. Male cones were initiated from early September and shed pollen in the following February. Each cone consisted of spirally arranged microsporophylls subtended by decussate sterile scales, and each microsporophyll commonly consisted of three microsporangia and a phylloclade. The microsporangial wall was composed of an epidermis, endothecium, and tapetum. In mid-February, the endothecium and tapetum layers disintegrated, and in the epidermal layer the cell walls were thickened with inner protrusions. Subsequently, dehiscence of the microsporangia occurred through rupturing of the microsporangial wall along the dehiscence line. These results suggest that the structure, morphology, architecture and arrangement of male cones of M. glyptostroboides are mainly associated with the production, protection and dispersal of pollen for optimization of wind pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Kang SJ, Shin SI, Herr Y, Kwon YH, Kim GT, Chung JH. Anatomical structures in the maxillary sinus related to lateral sinus elevation: a cone beam computed tomographic analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 24 Suppl A100:75-81. [PMID: 22150785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the anatomical structures in the maxillary sinus with relation to lateral approach sinus elevation utilizing cone beam computed tomography (CT) scans taken prior to sinus elevation surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 CT images were acquired from 150 patients (90 men and 60 women; mean age, 49.4 years, range 23-86 years) who were being treated with implant-supported restorations in the posterior edentulous maxilla. Of the 150 CT scans, 65 were of the right sinus and 85 of the left sinus. Measurements of the anatomical structures in the maxillary sinus were conducted on the CT images. RESULTS In the mean width of the lateral wall, there were statistically significant values among the measurement points (P < 0.05). The anterior area of the sinus lateral wall was thicker than the posterior lateral wall. There was a statistically significant difference between the vessel diameter and lateral wall width (P < 0.05). As sinus lateral wall width increased, so did the vessel diameter. The mean distance to the inferior border of the vessel from the sinus floor and from the alveolar crest was 8.25 and 17.03 mm, respectively. The intraosseous group among the vessel position was 64.3%, so the intraosseous vessel could be visualized in CT scans at 64.3%. In angle A, the group of less than 30° was 4.8%. Schneiderian membrane perforation by narrow angle had a low risk. The prevalence of the septa related to Schneiderian membrane perforation was 44%. The distance to the inferior border of the vessel from the alveolar crest being less than 15 mm was 31%. The vessel diameter greater than 1 mm was 37.8%. CONCLUSIONS Based on present research about utilizing cone beam CT scans for sinus elevation, the alteration of the lateral approach sinus elevation technique is highly recommended if complications such as membrane perforation or bleeding are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Jin Kang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang X, Badea CT, Johnson GA. Three-dimensional reconstruction in free-space whole-body fluorescence tomography of mice using optically reconstructed surface and atlas anatomy. J Biomed Opt 2009; 14:064010. [PMID: 20059248 PMCID: PMC2801728 DOI: 10.1117/1.3258836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a 3-D image reconstruction method for free-space fluorescence tomography of mice using hybrid anatomical prior information. Specifically, we use an optically reconstructed surface of the experimental animal and a digital mouse atlas to approximate the anatomy of the animal as structural priors to assist image reconstruction. Experiments are carried out on a cadaver of a nude mouse with a fluorescent inclusion (2.4-mm-diam cylinder) implanted in the chest cavity. Tomographic fluorescence images are reconstructed using an iterative algorithm based on a finite element method. Coregistration of the fluorescence reconstruction and micro-CT (computed tomography) data acquired afterward show good localization accuracy (localization error 1.2+/-0.6 mm). Using the optically reconstructed surface, but without the atlas anatomy, image reconstruction fails to show the fluorescent inclusion correctly. The method demonstrates the utility of anatomical priors in support of free-space fluorescence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Duke University Medical Center, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Box 3302, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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