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Ibarrondo FJ, Hofmann C, Fulcher JA, Goodman-Meza D, Mu W, Hausner MA, Ali A, Balamurugan A, Taus E, Elliott J, Krogstad P, Tobin NH, Ferbas KG, Kitchen SG, Aldrovandi GM, Rimoin AW, Yang OO. Primary, Recall, and Decay Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Antibody Responses. ACS Nano 2021; 15:11180-11191. [PMID: 34159781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies of two SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines suggested that they yield ∼95% protection from symptomatic infection at least short-term, but important clinical questions remain. It is unclear how vaccine-induced antibody levels quantitatively compare to the wide spectrum induced by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine response kinetics and magnitudes in persons with prior COVID-19 compared to virus-naı̈ve persons are not well-defined. The relative stability of vaccine-induced versus infection-induced antibody levels is unclear. We addressed these issues with longitudinal assessments of vaccinees with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of anti-RBD antibodies. SARS-CoV-2-naı̈ve individuals achieved levels similar to mild natural infection after the first vaccination; a second dose generated levels approaching severe natural infection. In persons with prior COVID-19, one dose boosted levels to the high end of severe natural infection even in those who never had robust responses from infection, increasing no further after the second dose. Antiviral neutralizing assessments using a spike-pseudovirus assay revealed that virus-naı̈ve vaccinees did not develop physiologic neutralizing potency until the second dose, while previously infected persons exhibited maximal neutralization after one dose. Finally, antibodies from vaccination waned similarly to natural infection, resulting in an average of ∼90% loss within 90 days. In summary, our findings suggest that two doses are important for quantity and quality of humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2-naı̈ve persons, while a single dose has maximal effects in those with past infection. Antibodies from vaccination wane with kinetics very similar to that seen after mild natural infection; booster vaccinations will likely be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Ibarrondo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christian Hofmann
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jennifer A Fulcher
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David Goodman-Meza
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - William Mu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mary Ann Hausner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ayub Ali
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arumugam Balamurugan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellie Taus
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Julie Elliott
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul Krogstad
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nicole H Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathie G Ferbas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Grace M Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Otto O Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Karpenko LI, Rudometov AP, Sharabrin SV, Shcherbakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Bazhan SI, Volosnikova EA, Rudometova NB, Orlova LA, Pyshnaya IA, Zaitsev BN, Volkova NV, Azaev MS, Zaykovskaya AV, Pyankov OV, Ilyichev AA. Delivery of mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Using a Polyglucin:Spermidine Conjugate. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:76. [PMID: 33494530 PMCID: PMC7910849 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key stages in the development of mRNA vaccines is their delivery. Along with liposome, other materials are being developed for mRNA delivery that can ensure both the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, and also facilitate its storage and transportation. In this study, we investigated the polyglucin:spermidine conjugate as a carrier of an mRNA-RBD vaccine encoding the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The conditions for the self-assembling of mRNA-PGS complexes were optimized, including the selection of the mRNA:PGS charge ratios. Using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering it was shown that the most monodisperse suspension of nanoparticles was formed at the mRNA:PGS charge ratio equal to 1:5. The average hydrodynamic particles diameter was determined, and it was confirmed by electron microscopy. The evaluation of the zeta potential of the investigated complexes showed that the particles surface charge was close to the zero point. This may indicate that the positively charged PGS conjugate has completely packed the negatively charged mRNA molecules. It has been shown that the packaging of mRNA-RBD into the PGS envelope leads to increased production of specific antibodies with virus-neutralizing activity in immunized BALB/c mice. Our results showed that the proposed polycationic polyglucin:spermidine conjugate can be considered a promising and safe means to the delivery of mRNA vaccines, in particular mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Andrey P. Rudometov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Sergei V. Sharabrin
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Dmitry N. Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Mariya B. Borgoyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Sergei I. Bazhan
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Volosnikova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Nadezhda B. Rudometova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Lyubov A. Orlova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Inna A. Pyshnaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Boris N. Zaitsev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Natalya V. Volkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Mamedyar Sh. Azaev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Anna V. Zaykovskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Oleg V. Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.P.R.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (M.B.B.); (S.I.B.); (E.A.V.); (N.B.R.); (L.A.O.); (B.N.Z.); (N.V.V.); (M.S.A.); (A.V.Z.); (O.V.P.); (A.A.I.)
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