1
|
Zhang Z, Ghonge S, Ding Y, Zhang S, Berciu M, Schaller RD, Jankó B, Kuno M. Resonant Multiple-Phonon Absorption Causes Efficient Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2024; 18:6438-6444. [PMID: 38363716 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, such as CsPbBr3, exhibit efficient photoluminescence (PL) up-conversion, also referred to as anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL). This is a phenomenon where irradiating nanocrystals up to 100 meV below gap results in higher energy band edge emission. Most surprising is that ASPL efficiencies approach unity and involve single-photon interactions with multiple phonons. This is unexpected given the statistically disfavored nature of multiple-phonon absorption. Here, we report and rationalize near-unity anti-Stokes photoluminescence efficiencies in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and attribute them to resonant multiple-phonon absorption by polarons. The theory explains paradoxically large efficiencies for intrinsically disfavored, multiple-phonon-assisted ASPL in nanocrystals. Moreover, the developed microscopic mechanism has immediate and important implications for applications of ASPL toward condensed phase optical refrigeration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sushrut Ghonge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mona Berciu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus 325-6224, Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Boldizsár Jankó
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Masaru Kuno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brzozowska W, Wojtczak I, Sprynskyy M. The Use of Diatoms in the Synthesis of New 3D Micro-Nanostructured Composites (SiO 2/CaCO 3/C org/NdVO 4NPs and SiO 2/CaO/C org/NdVO 4NPs) Exhibiting an Intense Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:490. [PMID: 38276428 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
New 3D micro-nanostructured composite materials have been synthesised. These materials comprise SiO2/CaCO3/Corg/NdVO4NPs and SiO2/CaO/Corg/NdVO4NPs, exhibiting strong upconversion luminescence. The synthesis was accomplished by metabolically doping diatom cells with neodymium and vanadium. Subsequently, the biomass of these doped diatoms was subjected to pyrolysis at 800 °C. The morphology, structure, and physicochemical properties of the doped diatom biomass as well as dried (SiO2/CaCO3/Corg/NdVO4NPs) and pyrolysed (SiO2/CaO/Corg/NdVO4NPs) samples were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG), and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). Studies have shown that the surface of diatom shells is covered with trigonal prismatic nanocrystallites (nanoparticles) of NdVO4 with dimensions of 30-40 nm, forming the crystallite clusters in the form of single-layer irregular flakes. The synthesised composites produced intense anti-Stokes fluorescent emission in the visible region under xenon lamp excitation in the near-infrared (λex = 800 nm) at room temperature in an ambient atmosphere. Such materials could be attractive for applications in solar spectrum conversion, optical sensing, biosensors, or photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Brzozowska
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Kaliskiego Str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Izabela Wojtczak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Safiabadi Tali SA, Mudiyanselage RRHH, Qian Y, Smith NWG, Zhao Y, Morral A, Song J, Nie M, Magill BA, Khodaparast GA, Zhou W. Dual-Modal Nanoplasmonic Light Upconversion through Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence and Second-Harmonic Generation from Broadband Multiresonant Metal Nanocavities. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37154668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanocavities can generate plasmon-enhanced light upconversion signals under ultrashort pulse excitations through anti-Stokes photoluminescence (ASPL) or nonlinear harmonic generation processes, offering various applications in bioimaging, sensing, interfacial science, nanothermometry, and integrated photonics. However, achieving broadband multiresonant enhancement of both ASPL and harmonic generation processes within the same metal nanocavities remains challenging, impeding applications based on dual-modal or wavelength-multiplexed operations. Here, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on dual-modal plasmon-enhanced light upconversion through both ASPL and second-harmonic generation (SHG) from broadband multiresonant metal nanocavities in two-tier Ag/SiO2/Ag nanolaminate plasmonic crystals (NLPCs) that can support multiple hybridized plasmons with high spatial mode overlaps. Our measurements reveal the distinctions and correlations between the plasmon-enhanced ASPL and SHG processes under different modal and ultrashort pulsed laser excitation conditions, including incident fluence, wavelength, and polarization. To analyze the observed effects of the excitation and modal conditions on the ASPL and SHG emissions, we developed a time-domain modeling framework that simultaneously captures the mode coupling-enhancement characteristics, quantum excitation-emission transitions, and hot carrier population statistical mechanics. Notably, ASPL and SHG from the same metal nanocavities exhibit distinct plasmon-enhanced emission behaviors due to the intrinsic differences between the incoherent hot carrier-mediated ASPL sources with temporally evolving energy and spatial distributions and instantaneous SHG emitters. Mechanistic understanding of ASPL and SHG emissions from broadband multiresonant plasmonic nanocavities marks a milestone toward creating multimodal or wavelength-multiplexed upconversion nanoplasmonic devices for bioimaging, sensing, interfacial monitoring, and integrated photonics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seied Ali Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Yizhou Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ada Morral
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Junyeob Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Meitong Nie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Brenden A Magill
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Giti A Khodaparast
- Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
One photon up-conversion photoluminescence is an optical phenomenon whereby the thermal energy of a fluorescent material increases the energy of an emitted photon compared with the energy of the photon that was absorbed. When this occurs with near unity efficiency, the emitting material undergoes a net decrease in temperature, so-called optical cooling. Because the up-conversion mechanism is thermally activated, the yield of up-converted photoluminescence is also a reporter of the temperature of the emitter. Taking advantage of this optical signature, cesium lead trihalide nanocrystals are shown to cool during the up-conversion of 532 nm CW laser excitation. Raman thermometric analysis of a substrate on which the nanocrystals were deposited further verifies the decrease in the local environmental temperature by as much as 25 °C during optical pumping. This is the first demonstration of optical cooling driven by colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal up-conversion.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai YY, Sung E, Zhang R, Tauzin LJ, Liu JG, Ostovar B, Zhang Y, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Link S. Anti-Stokes Emission from Hot Carriers in Gold Nanorods. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1067-1073. [PMID: 30657694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The origin of light emission from plasmonic nanoparticles has been strongly debated lately. It is present as the background of surface-enhanced Raman scattering and, despite the low yield, has been used for novel sensing and imaging applications because of its photostability. Although the role of surface plasmons as an enhancing antenna is widely accepted, the main controversy regarding the mechanism of the emission is its assignment to either radiative recombination of hot carriers (photoluminescence) or electronic Raman scattering (inelastic light scattering). We have previously interpreted the Stokes-shifted emission from gold nanorods as the Purcell effect enhanced radiative recombination of hot carriers. Here we specifically focused on the anti-Stokes emission from single gold nanorods of varying aspect ratios with excitation wavelengths below and above the interband transition threshold while still employing continuous wave lasers. Analysis of the intensity ratios between Stokes and anti-Stokes emission yields temperatures that can only be interpreted as originating from the excited electron distribution and not a thermally equilibrated phonon population despite not using pulsed laser excitation. Consistent with this result as well as previous emission studies using ultrafast lasers, the power-dependence of the upconverted emission is nonlinear and gives the average number of participating photons as a function of emission wavelength. Our findings thus show that hot carriers and photoluminescence play a major role in the upconverted emission.
Collapse
|