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Kukucka T, Ferencova N, Visnovcova Z, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Kovacova V, Macejova A, Mlyncekova Z, Tonhajzerova I. Mechanisms Involved in the Link between Depression, Antidepressant Treatment, and Associated Weight Change. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4511. [PMID: 38674096 PMCID: PMC11050075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a severe mood disorder associated with a marked decrease in quality of life and social functioning, accompanied by a risk of suicidal behavior. Therefore, seeking out and adhering to effective treatment is of great personal and society-wide importance. Weight changes associated with antidepressant therapy are often cited as the reason for treatment withdrawal and thus are an important topic of interest. There indeed exists a significant mechanistic overlap between depression, antidepressant treatment, and the regulation of appetite and body weight. The suggested pathomechanisms include the abnormal functioning of the homeostatic (mostly humoral) and hedonic (mostly dopaminergic) circuits of appetite regulation, as well as causing neuromorphological and neurophysiological changes underlying the development of depressive disorder. However, this issue is still extensively discussed. This review aims to summarize mechanisms linked to depression and antidepressant therapy in the context of weight change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kukucka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Zuzana Visnovcova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (N.F.); (Z.V.)
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Andrea Macejova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zuzana Mlyncekova
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03659 Martin, Slovakia; (T.K.); (I.O.); (I.H.); (V.K.); (A.M.); (Z.M.)
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Xu L, Zhai X, Shi D, Zhang Y. Depression and coronary heart disease: mechanisms, interventions, and treatments. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1328048. [PMID: 38404466 PMCID: PMC10884284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1328048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular condition that poses a significant threat to human health and life, has imposed a substantial economic burden on the world. However, in contrast to conventional risk factors, depression emerges as a novel and independent risk factor for CHD. This condition impacts the onset and progression of CHD and elevates the risk of adverse cardiovascular prognostic events in those already affected by CHD. As a result, depression has garnered increasing global attention. Despite this growing awareness, the specific mechanisms through which depression contributes to the development of CHD remain unclear. Existing research suggests that depression primarily influences the inflammatory response, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorders, and genetics, all of which play pivotal roles in CHD development. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of antidepressant treatment in CHD patients with comorbid depression and its potential impact on the prognosis of CHD patients have become subjects of controversy. Further investigation is warranted to address these unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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He S, Yu Y, Huang J, Yin J, Niu Y, Lu Y, Wu B, Fang M, Wang X, Tao Z, Li L, Li K, Li Y, Ding X, Shen Y, Li H. A 6-week, phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Anyu Peibo capsules for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2023; 13:20451253231212342. [PMID: 38022835 PMCID: PMC10666694 DOI: 10.1177/20451253231212342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Almost one-third of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to conventional antidepressants, and new treatments for MDD are urgently needed. Objectives This phase IIb clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anyu Peibo capsules in the treatment of adults with MDD. Design A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, fixed-dose study. Methods A total of 172 patients with MDD from nine study centers were randomized (1:1) to receive placebo (n = 86) or oral Anyu Peibo capsules (0.8 g) twice per day (n = 86) for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score from baseline to week 6, analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) approach with the baseline MADRS score, center effect and center by group interaction as the covariates. Other efficacy endpoints and variables included clinical response and remission rates according to the MADRS and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores, the change in the HAMD-17, Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale and Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale scores and the reduction in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale from baseline to week 6. Results The mean baseline MADRS total scores were 29.20 and 29.72 in the Anyu Peibo (n = 82) and placebo groups (n = 81), respectively. The least squares mean change in the MADRS score from baseline to week 6 was 16.59 points in the Anyu Peibo group and 14.51 points in the placebo group. Although there were greater reductions in the MADRS score from baseline to week 6 in the Anyu Peibo capsule group compared to the placebo group, the difference did not reach statistical significance (least-squares mean difference, 2.07 points; 95% confidence interval, -0.27 to 4.41; p = 0.0819). The results of sensitivity analyses by ANCOVA with the last observation carried forward method for missing data indicated that the administration of Anyu Peibo capsules may lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared to the placebo (least-squares mean difference: 3.29 points; 95% confidence interval: 0.64-5.93; p = 0.0152). Furthermore, Anyu Peibo capsules showed significant benefits over placebo when the change in the HAMD-17 score from baseline to week 6 was evaluated as the secondary analysis (t = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-4.23; p = 0.0464). Conclusion Anyu Peibo capsules may have an effective and safe antidepressant effect, which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimin Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yajuan Niu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhou Lu
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- XI’AN Mental Health Center, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Xue Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiping Tao
- Brain Hospital of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Lehua Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Kan Li
- Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Ding
- Suzhou YiHua Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Road, Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
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Samaryn E, Galińska-Skok B, Nobis A, Zalewski D, Maciejczyk M, Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B, Zalewska A, Waszkiewicz N. The Effect of Antidepressant Treatment on Neurocognitive Functions, Redox and Inflammatory Parameters in the Context of COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7049. [PMID: 38002663 PMCID: PMC10671940 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important component of the etiopathology of depression that uses oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) and elevated inflammatory markers. SARS-CoV-2 infection is also associated with abnormal inflammatory processes, which may impair effective treatment of depression in COVID-19 survivors. In the presented study, thirty-three hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were started on antidepressant treatment, and twenty-one were re-evaluated after 4-6 weeks. The control group consisted of thirty healthy volunteers. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric evaluation, biochemical blood and urine analyses. The results of the research demonstrated positive correlations of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores with serum catalase (CAT) and urinary S-Nitrosothiols levels, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores with serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Depressed patients with a history of COVID-19 prior to the treatment had higher urinary nitric oxide (NO) levels and lower serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. In the control group, COVID-19 survivors had higher levels of urinary N-formylkynurenine (NFK). Our results suggest that the antidepressant treatment has a modulating effect on O&NS, reduces depressive symptoms and improves cognitive functions The present study does not indicate that clinical response to antidepressant treatment is associated with COVID-19 history and baseline SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Nevertheless, further research in this area is needed to systematize antidepressant treatment in COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Samaryn
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Beata Galińska-Skok
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Daniel Zalewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-272 Bialystok, Poland (D.Z.)
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Harkness KL, Chakrabarty T, Rizvi SJ, Mazurka R, Quilty L, Uher R, Milev RV, Frey BN, Parikh SV, Foster JA, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. The Differential Relation of Emotional, Physical, and Sexual Abuse Histories to Antidepressant Treatment Remission and Persistence of Anhedonia in Major Depression: A CAN-BIND-1 Report. Can J Psychiatry 2023; 68:586-595. [PMID: 36785892 PMCID: PMC10411366 DOI: 10.1177/07067437231156255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is a potent enviromarker of risk for poor response to antidepressant medication (ADM). However, childhood maltreatment is a heterogeneous construct that includes distinct exposures that have distinct neurobiological and psychological correlates. The purpose of the current study is to examine the differential associations of emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment to ADM outcome and to examine the unique role of anhedonia in driving poor response in patients with specific maltreatment histories. METHODS In a multicentre clinical trial of major depression, 164 individuals were assessed for childhood emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment with a contextual interview with independent, standardized ratings. All individuals received 8 weeks of escitalopram, with nonresponders subsequently also receiving augmentation with aripiprazole, with outcomes measured with depression rating scales and an anhedonia scale. RESULTS Greater severity of emotional maltreatment perpetrated by the mother was a significant and direct predictor of lower odds of week 16 remission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68, P = 0.02). In contrast, the relations of paternal-perpetrated emotional maltreatment and physical maltreatment to week 16 remission were indirect, mediated through greater severity of anhedonia at week 8. CONCLUSIONS We identify emotional maltreatment as a specific early exposure that places patients at the greatest risk for nonremission following pharmacological treatment. Further, we suggest that anhedonia is a key symptom domain driving nonremission in patients with particular maltreatment histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L. Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sakina J. Rizvi
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raegan Mazurka
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lena Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roumen V. Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, and Providence Care, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar V. Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane A. Foster
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kim JS, Wang B, Kim M, Lee J, Kim H, Roh D, Lee KH, Hong SB, Lim JS, Kim JW, Ryan N. Prediction of Diagnosis and Treatment Response in Adolescents With Depression by Using a Smartphone App and Deep Learning Approaches: Usability Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e45991. [PMID: 37223978 DOI: 10.2196/45991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of quantifiable biomarkers is a major obstacle in diagnosing and treating depression. In adolescents, increasing suicidality during antidepressant treatment further complicates the problem. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate digital biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment response of depression in adolescents through a newly developed smartphone app. METHODS We developed the Smart Healthcare System for Teens At Risk for Depression and Suicide app for Android-based smartphones. This app passively collected data reflecting the social and behavioral activities of adolescents, such as their smartphone usage time, physical movement distance, and the number of phone calls and text messages during the study period. Our study consisted of 24 adolescents (mean age 15.4 [SD 1.4] years, 17 girls) with major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version and 10 healthy controls (mean age 13.8 [SD 0.6] years, 5 girls). After 1 week's baseline data collection, adolescents with MDD were treated with escitalopram in an 8-week, open-label trial. Participants were monitored for 5 weeks, including the baseline data collection period. Their psychiatric status was measured every week. Depression severity was measured using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was administered in order to assess suicide severity. We applied the deep learning approach for the analysis of the data. Deep neural network was employed for diagnosis classification, and neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions was used for feature selection. RESULTS We could predict the diagnosis of depression with training accuracy of 96.3% and 3-fold validation accuracy of 77%. Of the 24 adolescents with MDD, 10 responded to antidepressant treatments. We predicted the treatment response of adolescents with MDD with training accuracy of 94.2% and 3-fold validation accuracy of 76%. Adolescents with MDD tended to move longer distances and use smartphones for longer periods of time compared to controls. The deep learning analysis showed that smartphone usage time was the most important feature in distinguishing adolescents with MDD from controls. Prominent differences were not observed in the pattern of each feature between the treatment responders and nonresponders. The deep learning analysis revealed that the total length of calls received as the most important feature predicting antidepressant response in adolescents with MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our smartphone app demonstrated preliminary evidence of predicting diagnosis and treatment response in depressed adolescents. This is the first study to predict the treatment response of adolescents with MDD by examining smartphone-based objective data with deep learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Meelim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jung Lee
- Integrative Care Hub, Children's Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- AI.ble Therapeutics Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyeul Roh
- AI.ble Therapeutics Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Beom Hong
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Shik Lim
- Department of Computer Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Neal Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Taraku B, Woods RP, Boucher M, Espinoza R, Jog M, Al-Sharif N, Narr KL, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A. Changes in white matter microstructure following serial ketamine infusions in treatment resistant depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2395-2406. [PMID: 36715291 PMCID: PMC10028677 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine produces fast-acting antidepressant effects in treatment resistant depression (TRD). Though prior studies report ketamine-related changes in brain activity in TRD, understanding of ketamine's effect on white matter (WM) microstructure remains limited. We thus sought to examine WM neuroplasticity and associated clinical improvements following serial ketamine infusion (SKI) in TRD. TRD patients (N = 57, 49.12% female, mean age: 39.9) received four intravenous ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg) 2-3 days apart. Diffusion-weighted scans and clinical assessments (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS-17]; Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale [SHAPS]) were collected at baseline and 24-h after SKI. WM measures including the neurite density index (NDI) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) from the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model, and fractional anisotropy (FA) from the diffusion tensor model were compared voxelwise pre- to post-SKI after using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics workflows to align WM tracts across subjects/time. Correlations between change in WM metrics and clinical measures were subsequently assessed. Following SKI, patients showed significant improvements in HDRS-17 (p-value = 1.8 E-17) and SHAPS (p-value = 1.97 E-10). NDI significantly decreased in occipitotemporal WM pathways (p < .05, FWER/TFCE corrected). ΔSHAPS significantly correlated with ΔNDI in the left internal capsule and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (r = -0.614, p-value = 6.24E-09). No significant changes in ODI or FA were observed. SKI leads to significant changes in the microstructural features of neurites within occipitotemporal tracts, and changes in neurite density within tracts connecting the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortex relate to improvements in anhedonia. NODDI may be more sensitive for detecting ketamine-induced WM changes than DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Taraku
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Boucher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mayank Jog
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noor Al-Sharif
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Moon YK, Kim H, Kim S, Lim SW, Kim DK. Influence of antidepressant treatment on SLC6A4 methylation in Korean patients with major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2023; 192:28-37. [PMID: 36094099 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been suggested as potential mediator for antidepressant response in patients with depression. This study aimed to determine whether DNA methylation in SLC6A4 changes after antidepressant treatment and whether it affects treatment response in patients with depression. Overall, 221 Korean patients with depression completed 6 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy. DNA was extracted from venous blood pre- and post-treatment, and DNA methylation was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction. We used Wilcoxon's signed-rank test to verify the difference in methylation after treatment. Treatment response was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and mRNA levels were quantified. After adjusting for relevant covariates, DNA methylation was significantly altered in specific CpG sites in SLC6A4 (p < .001 in CpG3, CpG4, and CpG5) following 6 weeks of treatment. Methylation change's magnitude (ΔDNA methylation) after drug treatment was not associated with treatment response or mRNA level change. SSRI antidepressants can influence SLC6A4 methylation in patients with depression. However, ΔDNA methylation at CpG3, CpG4, and CpG5 in SLC6A4 was not associated with treatment response. Future studies should investigate the integrative effect of other genetic variants and CpG methylation on gene transcription and antidepressant treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyung Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeseung Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinn-Won Lim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Gudayol-Ferré E, Duarte-Rosas P, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. The effect of second-generation antidepressant treatment on the attention and mental processing speed of patients with major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis study with structural equation models. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114662. [PMID: 35689972 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to attention and mental processing speed deficits that can be improved after pharmacological treatment. However, it is unclear whether a class of antidepressants is more effective than others to ameliorate these deficits in MDD. Additionally, the possible effects of clinical and demographic variables on improving MDD attention and processing speed deficits after antidepressant treatment are unknown. We aimed to study the possible neuropsychological effects of second-generation antidepressant classes on the attention and processing speed of MDD patients and the potential influences of clinical and demographic variables as moderators of these effects using a meta-analytic approach. Twenty-five papers were included in our study. A structural equation model meta-analysis was performed. The improvement of attention and processing speed after pharmacological treatment is clinically relevant but incomplete. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and dual inhibitors are the drugs causing the greatest improvement in the processing speed of MDD patients. Antidepressant class is an important variable linked to processing speed improvement after MDD treatment. However, the degree of improvement in both cognitive functions is strongly influenced by some clinical and demographic variables of depressed patients, such are age and education of the MDD patients, the duration of the antidepressant treatment, and the depression status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco Villa 450, 58110, Morelia, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Duarte-Rosas
- Doctorado de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud. Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Neurociències, UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Neurociències, UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Chen CK, Wu LSH, Huang MC, Kuo CJ, Cheng ATA. Antidepressant Treatment and Manic Switch in Bipolar I Disorder: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040615. [PMID: 35455731 PMCID: PMC9033004 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective switch is an important clinical issue when treating bipolar disorder. Though commonly seen in clinical practice, the benefits of prescribing antidepressants for bipolar depression are still controversial. To date, there have been few genetic studies and no genome-wide association study (GWAS), focusing on manic switch following bipolar depression. This study aims to investigate the effects of individual genomics and antidepressant medication on the risk of manic switch in bipolar I disorder (BPI). A total of 1004 patients with BPI who had at least one depressive episode with complete data on antidepressant treatment and outcome were included. Clinical assessment of mania and depression was performed by trained psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists using the Chinese version of the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), and the diagnosis of BPI was made according to DSM-IV criteria. Manic switch was defined as a manic episode occurring within eight weeks of remission from an acute depressive episode. The age at first depressive episode of the study patients was 30.7 years (SD 12.5) and 56% of all patients were female. GWAS was carried out in a discovery group of 746 patients, followed by replication in an independent group of 255 patients. The top SNP rs10262219 on chromosome 7 showed the strongest allelic association with manic switch (p = 2.21 × 10−7) in GWAS, which was however not significantly replicated. Antidepressant treatment significantly (odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.3−2.2; p < 0.001) increased the risk of manic switch. In logistic regression analysis, the CC genotype of rs10262219 (odds ratio 3.0; 95% CI 1.7−5.2) and antidepressant treatment (odds ratio 2.3; 95% CI 1.4−3.7) significantly increased the risk of manic switch with a joint effect (odds ratio 5.9; 95% CI 3.7−9.4). In conclusion, antidepressant medication and rs10262219 variants jointly increased the risk of manic switch after bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ken Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center & Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Department of General Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan; (M.-C.H.); (C.-J.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jue Kuo
- Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Department of General Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan; (M.-C.H.); (C.-J.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27899119; Fax: +886-2-27823047
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11
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Bartečků E, Hořínková J, Křenek P, Damborská A, Tomandl J, Tomandlová M, Kučera J, Fialová Kučerová J, Bienertová-Vašků J. Osteocalcin levels decrease during the treatment of an acute depressive episode. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:893012. [PMID: 35982931 PMCID: PMC9378817 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.893012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteocalcin is a protein secreted by osteoblasts with a versatile endocrine role. Several domains in which it plays a role-stress response, monoamine synthesis, and cognitive functioning-are implicated also in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. In search of possible objective biomarkers of depression, the aim of the study was to assess the relationship between osteocalcin and depressive symptoms during the treatment of depressive episode. METHODS The study included female inpatients with at least moderate depressive episode. In these patients, depression severity was measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and osteocalcin levels were assessed before the stabilization of antidepressive treatment and after 6 weeks. Relationships between osteocalcin levels and symptoms were analyzed with mixed-effect and linear models, taking into account age, menopausal status, and body mass index. RESULTS In 11 out of 13 enrolled inpatients, osteocalcin levels decreased during the first 6 weeks of treatment; this decrease was significant according to the mixed-effects model (t = -2.345, p = 0.019). According to the linear model, this decrease was significantly associated with reduction in depressive symptom severity (t = 2.673, p = 0.028). Osteocalcin was not associated with initial depressive symptom severity, and initial osteocalcin levels did not predict response to treatment. Limitations of the study include low sample size and inclusion of both pre- and postmenopausal women of various ages. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study suggests that osteocalcin may be a candidate biomarker of antidepressive treatment response and that this topic warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Bartečků
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Hořínková
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Křenek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alena Damborská
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Josef Tomandl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marie Tomandlová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Kučera
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Fialová Kučerová
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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12
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Allen TA, Harkness KL, Lam RW, Milev R, Frey BN, Mueller DJ, Uher R, Kennedy SH, Quilty LC. Interactions between neuroticism and stressful life events predict response to pharmacotherapy for major depression: A CAN-BIND 1 report. Personal Ment Health 2021; 15:273-282. [PMID: 34008342 PMCID: PMC8959246 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events and individual differences in the personality trait neuroticism are important risk factors that interact to predict major depressive disorder (MDD). Less is known about their effect on treatment response in depression. Here, we examine whether stressful life events experienced prior to and during treatment interact with neuroticism to predict response to 16-week pharmacotherapy for MDD. Participants included 159 outpatients with MDD who were initially treated with 8 weeks of escitalopram. Those who responded to the initial treatment continued on escitalopram monotherapy, whereas non-responders received 8 weeks of adjunctive aripiprazole. Personality was assessed using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, and stressful life events were assessed using the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, a rigorous contextual interview that includes independent ratings of threatening life events. High baseline neuroticism was associated with a lower likelihood of response when patients experienced one or more negative life events before treatment. Secondary analyses indicated that this effect was specific to neuroticism, and not better accounted for by its self-criticism or negative affect facets. Our results suggest that assessing personality and stressful life events at baseline can help clinicians assess which patients will respond to antidepressant therapy and which may need treatment augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Allen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Providence Care, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Mueller
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Depression is an effect of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. It is well established that stress responses are associated with multiple modest and often dynamic molecular changes in the homeostatic balance, rather than with a single genetic factor that has a strong phenotypic penetration. As depression is a multifaceted phenotype, it is important to study biochemical pathways that can regulate the overall allostasis of the brain. One such biological system that has the potential to fine-tune a multitude of diverse molecular processes is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is an epigenetic process showing a very low level of evolutionary diversity, and relies on the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression using, in the case of mammals, primarily short (17–23 nucleotides) noncoding RNA transcripts called microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, our objective was to examine, summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of biomedical and clinical research on the role of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in the development of depression. We focused on studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with depression, as well as research aiming to elucidate the biomarker potential of miRNAs in depression and antidepressant response.
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14
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Homorogan C, Nitusca D, Seclaman E, Enatescu V, Marian C. Uncovering the Roles of MicroRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder: From Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers to Treatment Response Indicators. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1073. [PMID: 34685444 DOI: 10.3390/life11101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent debilitating illness that represents a major health burden due to its increasing worldwide prevalence, unclear pathological mechanism, nonresponsive treatment, and lack of reliable and specific diagnostic biomarkers. Recently, microRNA species (miRs) have gained particular interest because they have the ability to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by modulating mRNA stability and translation in a cohesive fashion. By regulating entire genetic circuitries, miRs have been shown to have dysregulated expression levels in blood samples from MDD patients, when compared to healthy subjects. In addition, antidepressant treatment (AD) also appears to alter the expression pattern of several miRs. Therefore, we critically and systematically reviewed herein the studies assessing the potential biomarker role of several candidate miRs for MDD, as well as treatment response monitoring indicators, in order to enrich the current knowledge and facilitate possible diagnostic biomarker development for MDD, which could aid in reducing both patients' burden and open novel avenues toward a better understanding of MDD neurobiology.
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15
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Yang H, Liu Y, Yang C, Lin X. The effect of systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage on neurocognitive function of euthymic bipolar patients initiated with a depressive onset: An observational, cross-sectional, single-blind study protocol. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2360. [PMID: 34520638 PMCID: PMC8553326 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have a wide range of neurocognitive dysfunction even in euthymic state, leading to impaired psychosocial function and reduced quality of life. However, the understanding on risk factors related to neurocognitive impairment in such group of people is limited. In view of significantly delayed diagnosis of BD and common use of antidepressants prior to the BD diagnosis, the study aims to clarify whether systemic antidepressant use in early stage, defined as from the initial depressive episode to the diagnosis of BD, could impact neurocognitive function of euthymic bipolar patients. METHODS It is an observational, cross-sectional, single-blind trial, making a comparison in neurocognitive function between euthymic bipolar patients who had a depressive episode as initial onset and being with and without systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage (n = 62 and 62, respectively); secondary outcomes include the impact of systemic antidepressant use on global function, quality of life, sleep quality, positive and negative affect, and peripheral level of neuron-specific enolase. DISCUSSION The study will provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding on the effect of systemic antidepressant treatments in early stage in such group of patients. It is expected to better guide the related prevention and treatment work of BD management. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov with protocol ID (TJAH2020-18) and clinicaltrials.gov ID (NCT04564573).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizeng Yang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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McInerney SJ, Chakrabarty T, Maciukiewicz M, Frey BN, MacQueen GM, Milev RV, Ravindran AV, Rotzinger S, Kennedy SH, Lam RW. Cognition and Its Association with Psychosocial and Occupational Functioning during Treatment with Escitalopram in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND-1 Report: La Cognition Et Son Association Avec Le Fonctionnement Psychosocial Et Professionnel Durant Le Traitement Par Escitalopram Chez Des Patients Souffrant De Trouble Dépressif Majeur: Une Étude Can-Bind-1. Can J Psychiatry 2021; 66:798-806. [PMID: 33353384 PMCID: PMC8504285 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720974823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with impairments in both cognition and functioning. However, whether cognitive deficits significantly contribute to impaired psychosocial and occupational functioning, independent of other depressive symptoms, is not well established. We examined the relationship between cognitive performance and functioning in depressed patients before and after antidepressant treatment using secondary data from the first Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression-1 study. METHODS Cognition was assessed at baseline in unmedicated, depressed participants with MDD (n = 207) using the Central Nervous System Vital Signs computerized battery, psychosocial functioning with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and occupational functioning with the Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale (LEAPS). Cognition (n = 181), SDS (n = 175), and LEAPS (n = 118) were reassessed after participants received 8 weeks of open-label escitalopram monotherapy. A series of linear regressions were conducted to determine (1) whether cognitive functioning was associated with psychosocial and occupational functioning prior to treatment, after adjusting for overall depressive symptom severity and (2) whether changes in cognitive functioning after an 8-week treatment phase were associated with changes in psychosocial and occupational functioning, after adjusting for changes in overall symptom severity. RESULTS Baseline global cognitive functioning, after adjusting for depression symptom severity and demographic variables, was associated with the SDS work/study subscale (β = -0.17; P = 0.03) and LEAPS productivity subscale (β = -0.17; P = 0.05), but not SDS total (β = 0.19; P = 0.12) or LEAPS total (β = 0.41; P = 0.17) scores. Although LEAPS and SDS scores showed significant improvements after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001), there were no significant associations between changes in cognitive domain scores and functional improvements. CONCLUSION Cognition was associated with occupational functioning at baseline, but changes in cognition were not associated with psychosocial or occupational functional improvements following escitalopram treatment. We recommend the use of more comprehensive functional assessments to determine the impact of cognitive change on functional outcomes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J McInerney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Galway, Ireland
| | - Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Malgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenda M MacQueen
- Deceased, formerly Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roumen V Milev
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun V Ravindran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Jha MK, Fava M, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Mischoulon D, Wakhlu N, Trombello JM, Cusin C, Trivedi MH. Anger attacks are associated with persistently elevated irritability in MDD: findings from the EMBARC study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1355-1363. [PMID: 32138798 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report tests the association of self-reported symptoms of irritability with overt behavior of anger attacks (uncharacteristic sudden bouts of anger that are disproportionate to situation and associated with autonomic activation). METHODS Participants of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care study who completed Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks questionnaire were included (n = 293). At each visit, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 16-item Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale were used to measure depression, anxiety, and irritability. In those with anger attacks present v. those without anger attacks, separate t tests and mixed model analyses compared afore-mentioned symptoms at baseline and changes with treatment respectively. As anger attacks may occur without aggressive behaviors, analyses were repeated based only on the presence of aggressive behaviors. RESULTS At baseline, those with anger attacks (n = 109) v. those without anger attacks (n = 184) had similar levels of depression but higher levels of irritability [effect size (d) = 0.80] and anxiety (d = 0.32). With acute-phase treatment, participants with anger attacks experienced a greater reduction in irritability (p < 0.001) but not in depression (p = 0.813) or anxiety (p = 0.771) as compared to those without anger attacks. Yet, irritability levels at week-8 were higher in those with anger attacks (d = 0.32) than those without anger attacks. Similar results were found in participants with aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The presence of anger attacks in outpatients with major depressive disorder may identify a sub-group of patients with persistently elevated irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nausheen Wakhlu
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Trombello
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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18
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Kao KL, Sung FC, Huang HC, Lin CJ, Chen SC, Lin CL, Huang YP, Wu SI, Chen YS, Stewart R. Functional dyspepsia in depression: A population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13506. [PMID: 33529347 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are more likely to have persistent depression, yet whether depression and antidepressant treatments are associated with subsequent risk of FD remain unclear. METHODS Using population-based insurance administrative data of Taiwan, an 11-year historic cohort study was assembled, comparing cases aged 18 and above with the diagnosis of depressive disorder, to a propensity score-matched sample of adults without depression. Incident FD as a primary diagnosis was ascertained. Hazard ratios of FD were calculated using Cox regression models by age, gender, other comorbidities, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, antidepressants and antidiabetic agents. RESULTS A total of 20,197 people with depressive disorder and 20,197 propensity score-matched comparisons without depression were followed up. The incidence of FD was 1.7-fold greater in the depressive cohort than in comparisons (12.9 versus 7.57 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93~2.41). Increased risks were significant regardless of comorbidities or medication uses, the highest in the untreated depression group compared to the group without depression, with an aHR of 2.51(95% CI 2.15~2.93). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study showed that patients with depressive disorder are at elevated risk of FD. Antidepressant treatment could reduce the risk of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chin Chen
- Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Ping Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Robert Stewart
- Service and Population Research Department, King's College, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Zhou L, Zhu Y, Chen W, Tang Y. Emerging role of microRNAs in major depressive disorder and its implication on diagnosis and therapeutic response. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:80-6. [PMID: 33714174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and common psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence in the population. Although great advances have been made, its pathogenesis is still unclear and a validated biomarker for diagnosis or therapeutic response remains unidentified. This review aims at summarizing the functional role of miRNAs in MDD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. METHODS We performed a bibliographic research on the main databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science) using the terms "microRNAs", "major depressive disorder", "synaptic plasticity", "biomarker", "antidepressant treatment", in order to find studies that propose the role of microRNAs in MDD pathogenesis and their potential as biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. RESULTS microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, act as key regulators of synaptic plasticity in MDD pathogenesis. Growing researches provide the evidence for peripheral miRNAs as potential biomarkers for MDD diagnosis and antidepressant response. These results suggest that targeting miRNAs directly could be therapeutically beneficial for MDD and miRNAs are potential biomarkers of MDD and its treatment. LIMITATIONS The role of miRNAs in MDD pathogenesis needs further investigation. Whether miRNAs in peripheral tissues truly represent brain-derived miRNAs is still unclear at the present time. Moreover, only a few blood miRNAs alterations are consistent across studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall, miRNAs act key regulators of synaptic plasticity in MDD pathogenesis and hold significant promise as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MDD, but further research is still needed.
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20
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Abbas A, Sauder C, Yadav V, Koesmahargyo V, Aghjayan A, Marecki S, Evans M, Galatzer-Levy IR. Remote Digital Measurement of Facial and Vocal Markers of Major Depressive Disorder Severity and Treatment Response: A Pilot Study. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:610006. [PMID: 34713091 PMCID: PMC8521884 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.610006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Multiple machine learning-based visual and auditory digital markers have demonstrated associations between major depressive disorder (MDD) status and severity. The current study examines if such measurements can quantify response to antidepressant treatment (ADT) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine uptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Methods: Visual and auditory markers were acquired through an automated smartphone task that measures facial, vocal, and head movement characteristics across 4 weeks of treatment (with time points at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks) on ADT (n = 18). MDD diagnosis was confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was collected concordantly to assess changes in MDD severity. Results: Patient responses to ADT demonstrated clinically and statistically significant changes in the MADRS [F (2, 34) = 51.62, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, patients demonstrated significant increases in multiple digital markers including facial expressivity, head movement, and amount of speech. Finally, patients demonstrated significantly decreased frequency of fear and anger facial expressions. Conclusion: Digital markers associated with MDD demonstrate validity as measures of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Sauder
- Adams Clinical, Watertown, MA, United States
- Karuna Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy
- AiCure, New York, NY, United States
- Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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21
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Gałecki P, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K. Treatment-resistant depression - recommendations of the National Consultant in the field of psychiatry. Psychiatr Pol 2021; 55:7-21. [PMID: 34021543 DOI: 10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, it affects about 5-17% of the population. Depressive disorders are a serious economic and social problem. Depression has a significant impact on the employment status, financial success and interpersonal relationships. It is the reason for the greatest number of days of absence from work among all diseases. Patients who do not respond to standard antidepressant treatment cost twice as much as patients who do respond to treatment (response to standard antidepressant treatment occurs only in 60-70% of patients suffering fromdepressivedisorder). According to epidemiological data, even one-third of patients may have treatment-resistant depression, which is defined as depressive disorder in adults who have not responded to at least two different antidepressants (used at the right dose for the appropriate period) in the current episode of moderate to severe depression. The purpose of this publication is to present the problem of drug resistance in depression and to present strategies for dealing with treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gałecki
- Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
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22
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Gudayol-Ferré E, Duarte-Rosas P, Peró-Cebollero M, Guàrdia-Olmos J. THE EFFECT OF SECOND-GENERATION ANTIDEPRESSANT TREATMENT ON THE EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS OF PATIENTS WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER: A META-ANALYSIS STUDY WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113690. [PMID: 33387749 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to executive functions (EF) deficits that can be improved after pharmacological treatment, but it is unclear whether there is a class of antidepressants that is more effective than others to ameliorate these deficits in MDD. Additionally, the possible effects of clinical and demographic variables on the improvement of MDD EF deficits after pharmacological treatment are currently unknown. Our aim was to study the possible neuropsychological effects of second-generation antidepressant classes on the EF of MDD patients and the potential influence of clinical and demographic variables as moderators of these effects through a meta-analytic approach. Twenty-one papers were included in our study. A structural equation model meta-analysis was performed. The improvement of EF after pharmacological treatment is clinically relevant, but it is incomplete. This effect is influenced by age and years of education of the patients. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and dual inhibitors are the drugs causing the greatest improvement in EF of MDD patients. Antidepressant class is an important variable linked to EF improvement after MDD treatment, but the degree of improvement in these cognitive functions is strongly influenced by some clinical and demographic variables of patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, México.
| | - Patricia Duarte-Rosas
- Doctorado de Psicología Clínica y de la Salud. Facultat de Psicologia. Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona Spain
| | - Maribel Peró-Cebollero
- Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Neurociències, UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Facultat de Psicologia, Institut de Neurociències, UB Institute of Complex Systems, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Jha MK, Fava M, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Mischoulon D, Cusin C, Trivedi MH. Association of anger attacks with suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder: Findings from the EMBARC study. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:57-66. [PMID: 33038902 DOI: 10.1002/da.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report evaluates whether anger attacks (sudden uncharacteristic bouts of anger that are associated with autonomic arousal and/or aggression) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with elevated suicidal ideation (SI; active suicidal thoughts and plans). METHODS Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study who completed Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attack Questionnaire (AAQ) at baseline were included (n = 293). Levels of SI (suicidal thoughts factor of Concise Health Risk Tracking) were compared at baseline with generalized linear models, and during Stage 1 (baseline-to-week-8) and Stage 2 (week-8-to-week-16) with repeated-measures mixed model analyses. Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, site, and treatment arm. RESULTS At baseline, participants with (n = 109) versus without anger attacks (n = 184) had higher levels of SI (Cohen's d effect size [d] = 1.20). Those with ≥9 anger attacks in the past month had significantly higher SI than those with 1-2 (d = 1.21), 3-4 (d = 1.48), and 5-8 (d = 0.94) anger attacks in the past month. Furthermore, participants with anger attacks at baseline reported higher SI at each post-baseline visit (both Stages 1 and 2) of EMBARC study (d = 0.39-0.77; all p < .05). Associations between anger attacks and SI were significant even after controlling for irritability, hostility, anxious arousal, depression, suicide propensity, and self-reported pain at baseline and lifetime suicidal tendencies. Similar results were found in participants with aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSION Anger attacks in outpatients with MDD may be associated with chronically elevated SI. Clinical Trials Registration: Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC); NCT01407094; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01407094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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24
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Song X, Sun N, Zhang A, Lei L, Li X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang K. Association Between NR4A2 Gene Polymorphism and Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Effect. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2613-2623. [PMID: 34408421 PMCID: PMC8364372 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s319548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear, studies have shown that the dopaminergic system of depressed patients is defective, and that NR4A2 is an important transcription factor affecting the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. As such, NR4A2 levels affected by NR4A2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be associated with MDD. This study examined whether NR4A2 SNPs are associated with depressive symptoms and antidepressant efficacy. METHODS A total of 441 patients with first-episode depression were enrolled in this study. We analysed three SNPs of NR4A2, using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and its four factors to obtain scores at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. UNPHASED software was employed for quantitative character analysis, and SPSS software was adopted for antidepressant efficacy analysis. RESULTS Patients with rs12803-A exhibited higher scores of retardation symptoms. Patients with the rs834834-C allele and rs834834-CC genotype had higher retardation symptom scores. Patients with rs3769340 exhibited greater antidepressant efficacy. CONCLUSION NR4A2 gene polymorphisms are associated with retardation symptoms, somatic symptoms (gastro-intestinal), anxiety-based somatic symptoms, insight, and weight loss in patients with MDD. Additionally, rs3769340 may be a predictor of antidepressant efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Bang Madsen K, Vogdrup Petersen L, Plana-Ripoll O, Musliner KL, Philippe Debost JC, Hordam Gronemann F, Mortensen PB, Munk-Olsen T. Early labor force exits in patients with treatment-resistant depression: an assessment of work years lost in a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320973791. [PMID: 33282176 PMCID: PMC7682207 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320973791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the leading causes of premature workforce exit in many Western countries, but little is known about the extent to which treatment-resistance reduces number of work-years. We compared the risk of premature workforce exit among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) relative to non-TRD patients and estimated work years lost (WYL) before scheduled retirement age. METHODS The study population, identified in the Danish National Prescription Registry, included all individuals born and living in Denmark who redeemed their first antidepressant (AD) prescription for depression at age 18-60 years between 2005 and 2012. TRD was defined as failure to respond to at least two different treatment trials. Premature workforce exit was measured using disability pension records. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for premature workforce exit in TRD relative to non-TRD patients, adjusting for calendar year, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and educational level. Differences in WYL in patients with TRD and all depression patients were estimated through a competing risks model. RESULTS Out of the total sample of patients with depression (N = 129,945), 7478 (5.75%) were classified as having TRD. During follow up, 17% of patients with TRD and 8% of non-TRD patients received disability pension, resulting in a greater than three-fold larger risk of premature workforce exit [adjusted HR (aHR) 3.23 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.05-3.43]. The TRD group lost on average six work-years (95% CI 5.64-6.47) more than the total sample due to early labor force exit. The association between TRD and age at premature workforce exit was inversely U-shaped; the hazard rate of premature workforce exit for patients with TRD compared with non-TRD patients was highest in the age groups 31-35, 36-40, and 41-45 years. CONCLUSION Patients with TRD constitute a small group within depression patients, but contribute disproportionally to societal costs due to premature workforce exit at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Bang Madsen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, Building R, Aarhus V, 8210, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Vogdrup Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katherine L. Musliner
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Jean-Christophe Philippe Debost
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- Department of Psychosis, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Denmark
| | | | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
- CIRRAU - Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
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26
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the disabling diseases in the world-wide, and known to increase cardiac morbidity and mortality. Therefore, previous studies related heart rate variability (HRV) have been conducted to evaluate and diagnose MDD, and to predict treatment outcomes in patient with MDD. We reviewed extensively on the previous peer-reviewed publications associated with this issue, using Pub-Med. In this review article, we introduce the basic concept of HRV and HRV measures, and present several important findings associated with diagnosis and treatment prediction in MDD with using HRV parameters. Furthermore, we discuss the possible underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, and suggest several considerations for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Cook IA, Congdon E, Krantz DE, Hunter AM, Coppola G, Hamilton SP, Leuchter AF. Time Course of Changes in Peripheral Blood Gene Expression During Medication Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder. Front Genet 2019; 10:870. [PMID: 31620172 PMCID: PMC6760033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene expression (GE) during antidepressant treatment may increase understanding of the action of antidepressant medications and serve as biomarkers of efficacy. GE changes in peripheral blood are desirable because they can be assessed easily on multiple occasions during treatment. We report here on GE changes in 68 individuals who were treated for 8 weeks with either escitalopram alone, or escitalopram followed by bupropion. GE changes were assessed after 1, 2, and 8 weeks of treatment, with significant changes observed in 156, 121, and 585 peripheral blood gene transcripts, respectively. Thirty-one transcript changes were shared between the 1- and 8-week time points (seven upregulated, 24 downregulated). Differences were detected between the escitalopram- and bupropion-treated subjects, although there was no significant association between GE changes and clinical outcome. A subset of 18 genes overlapped with those previously identified as differentially expressed in subjects with MDD compared with healthy control subjects. There was statistically significant overlap between genes differentially expressed in the current and previous studies, with 10 genes overlapping in at least two previous studies. There was no enrichment for genes overexpressed in nervous system cell types, but there was a trend toward enrichment for genes in the WNT/β-catenin pathway in the anterior thalamus; three genes in this pathway showed differential expression in the present and in three previous studies. Our dataset and other similar studies will provide an important source of information about potential biomarkers of recovery and for potential dysregulation of GE in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Cook
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering at Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Krantz
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steven P Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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28
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Jog MV, Wang DJJ, Narr KL. A review of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the individualized treatment of depressive symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 17-18:17-22. [PMID: 31938757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmip.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a low intensity neuromodulation technique shown to elicit therapeutic effects in a number of neuropsychological conditions. Independent randomized sham-controlled trials and meta- and mega-analyses demonstrate that tDCS targeted to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can produce a clinically meaningful response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but effects are small to moderate in size. However, the heterogeneous presentation, and the neurobiology underlying particular features of depression suggest clinical outcomes might benefit from empirically informed patient selection. In this review, we summarize the status of tDCS research in MDD with focus on the clinical, biological, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors shown to enhance or predict antidepressant response. We also discuss research strategies for optimizing tDCS to improve patient-specific clinical outcomes. TDCS appears suited for both bipolar and unipolar depression, but is less effective in treatment resistant depression. TDCS may also better target core aspects of depressed mood over vegetative symptoms, while pretreatment patient characteristics might inform subsequent response. Peripheral blood markers of gene and immune system function have not yet proven useful as predictors or correlates of tDCS response. Though further research is needed, several lines of evidence suggest that tDCS administered in combination with pharmacological and cognitive behavioral interventions can improve outcomes. Tailoring stimulation to the functional and structural anatomy and/or connectivity of individual patients can maximize physiological response in targeted networks, which in turn could translate to therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank V Jog
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurology, and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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29
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Jha MK, Qamar A, Vaduganathan M, Charney DS, Murrough JW. Screening and Management of Depression in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1827-1845. [PMID: 30975301 PMCID: PMC7871437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common problem in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased mortality, excess disability, greater health care expenditures, and reduced quality of life. Depression is present in 1 of 5 patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and heart failure. Depression complicates the optimal management of CVD by worsening cardiovascular risk factors and decreasing adherence to healthy lifestyles and evidence-based medical therapies. As such, standardized screening pathways for depression in patients with CVD offer the potential for early identification and optimal management of depression to improve health outcomes. Unfortunately, the burden of depression in patients with CVD is under-recognized; as a result, screening and management strategies targeting depression have been poorly implemented in patients with CVD. In this review, the authors discuss a practical approach for the screening and management of depression in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arman Qamar
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/AqamarMD
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Heart & Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/mvaduganathan
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Office of the Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Jha MK, South C, Trivedi J, Minhajuddin A, Rush AJ, Trivedi MH. Prediction of Acute-Phase Treatment Outcomes by Adding a Single-Item Measure of Activity Impairment to Symptom Measurement: Development and Validation of an Interactive Calculator from the STAR*D and CO-MED Trials. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:339-348. [PMID: 30958879 PMCID: PMC6499251 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day-to-day functioning is impaired in major depressive disorder. Yet there are no guidelines to systematically assess these functional changes. This report evaluates prognostic utility of changes in activity impairment to inform clinical decision-making at an individual level. METHODS Mixed model analyses tested changes in activity impairment (sixth item of Work and Activity Impairment scale, rated 0-10) at mid-point (week 6) and end of step 1 (weeks 12-14) in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial (n = 2697) after controlling for depression severity [Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR)]. Interactive calculators for end of step 1 remission (QIDS-SR ≤5) and no meaningful benefit (<30% QIDS-SR reduction from baseline) were developed for participants with complete data (n = 1476) and independently replicated in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial (n = 399). RESULTS Activity impairment improved independently with acute-phase treatment in STAR*D (F = 7.27; df = 2,2625; P < .001). Baseline to mid-point activity impairment change significantly predicted remission (P < .001, model area under the curve = 0.823) and no meaningful benefit (P < .001, area under the curve = 0.821) in the STAR*D trial. Adding activity impairment variables to depression severity measures correctly reclassified 28.4% and 15.8% remitters and nonremitters (net reclassification improvement analysis, P < .001), and 11.4% and 16.8% of those with no meaningful benefit and meaningful benefit (net reclassification improvement analysis, P < .001). The STAR*D trial model estimates accurately predicted remission (area under the curve = 0.80) and no meaningful benefit (area under the curve = 0.82) in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes trial and was used to develop an interactive calculator. CONCLUSION A single-item self-report measure of activity impairment changes independently with antidepressant treatment. Baseline to week 6 changes in activity impairment and depression severity can be combined to predict acute-phase remission and no meaningful benefit at an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Charles South
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jay Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Trinity Valley School, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A John Rush
- Prof Emeritus, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore,Adjunct Professor, Dept. Psychiatry, Duke Medical School, Durham, North Carolina,Adjunct Clinical Professor, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, Permian Basin, Texas (Dr Rush)
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,Correspondence: Madhukar H. Trivedi, MD, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390–9119 ()
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Sunnqvist C, Sjöström K, Finnbogadóttir H. Depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum in women and use of antidepressant treatment - a longitudinal cohort study. Int J Womens Health 2019; 11:109-117. [PMID: 30799960 PMCID: PMC6369851 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s185930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether women, who reported “symptoms of depression” during pregnancy and up to 1.5 years postpartum, who reported domestic violence or not, were treated with antidepressant medication. Patients and methods A prospective longitudinal cohort study recruited primi- and multiparous women (n=1,939). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and a questionnaire about medication during pregnancy were distributed and administered three times, during early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Antidepressant medication was compared between women with EPDS scores <13 and EPDS scores ≥13 as the optimal cutoff for symptoms of depression. Results EPDS scores ≥13 were detected in 10.1% of the women during the whole pregnancy, of those 6.2% had depressive symptoms already in early pregnancy and 10.0 % during the postpartum period. Women with EPDS scores ≥13 and non-exposure to domestic violence were more often non-medicated (P<0.001). None of the women with EPDS scores ≥13 exposed to domestic violence had received any antidepressant medication, albeit the relationship was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion Pregnant women who experienced themselves as having several depressive symptoms, social vulnerability, and even a history of domestic violence, did not receive any antidepressant treatment during pregnancy nor postpartum. This study shows the importance of detecting depressive symptoms during early pregnancy and a need for standardized screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Sunnqvist
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden,
| | - Karin Sjöström
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden,
| | - Hafrún Finnbogadóttir
- Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Care Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden,
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Ising M, Maccarrone G, Brückl T, Scheuer S, Hennings J, Holsboer F, Turck CW, Uhr M, Lucae S. FKBP5 Gene Expression Predicts Antidepressant Treatment Outcome in Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030485. [PMID: 30678080 PMCID: PMC6387218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse experiences and chronic stress are well-known risk factors for the development of major depression, and an impaired stress response regulation is frequently observed in acute depression. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling plays an important role in these alterations, and a restoration of GR signalling appears to be a prerequisite of successful antidepressant treatment. Variants in genes of the stress response regulation contribute to the vulnerability to depression in traumatized subjects. Consistent findings point to an important role of FKBP5, the gene expressing FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51), which is a strong inhibitor of the GR, and thus, an important regulator of the stress response. We investigated the role of FKBP5 and FKB51 expression with respect to stress response regulation and antidepressant treatment outcome in depressed patients. This study included 297 inpatients, who participated in the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project and were treated for acute depression. In this open-label study, patients received antidepressant treatment according to the attending doctor’s choice. In addition to the FKBP5 genotype, changes in blood FKBP51 expression during antidepressant treatment were analyzed using RT-PCR and ZeptoMARKTM reverse phase protein microarray (RPPM). Stress response regulation was evaluated in a subgroup of patients using the combined dexamethasone (dex)/corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test. As expected, increased FKBP51 expression was associated with an impaired stress response regulation at baseline and after six weeks was accompanied by an elevated cortisol response to the combined dex/CRH test. Further, we demonstrated an active involvement of FKBP51 in antidepressant treatment outcome. While patients responding to antidepressant treatment had a pronounced reduction of FKBP5 gene and FKBP51 protein expression, increasing expression levels were observed in nonresponders. This effect was moderated by the genotype of the FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780, with carriers of the minor allele showing the most pronounced association. Our findings demonstrate that FKBP5 and, specifically, its expression product FKBP51 are important modulators of antidepressant treatment outcome, pointing to a new, promising target for future antidepressant drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Tanja Brückl
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sandra Scheuer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
- HMNC Brain Health GmbH, 80807 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Ma HY, Liu ZF, Xu YF, Hu XD, Sun N, Li XR, Zhang KR. The association study of CLOCK gene polymorphisms with antidepressant effect in Chinese with major depressive disorder. Per Med 2018; 16:115-122. [PMID: 30569826 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2018-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a complicated pathogenesis and genetic predisposition. The objective of this article is to explore the relationship between the four SNPs of circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) gene (rs11932595, rs12504300, rs3805148, rs534654) and the efficacy of antidepressants. Materials & methods: This study enrolled a total of 600 patients, who met the DSM-V diagnostic criteria for MDD. All subjects were treated with single selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The HAMD17 and adverse reaction scale (TESS/UKU) were used to assess the efficacy of antidepressants and adverse effects. The PCR and DNA sequencing analysis were used to genotype loci of CLOCK gene. RESULTS The antidepressants efficacy of subjects with rs11932595 AA genotype was significantly higher than those with GG+GA genotypes (p = 0.035). But this p-value was not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. CONCLUSION The variant of CLOCK gene may be associated with the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Chinese Han MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fen Liu
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University in South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Rang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, People's Republic of China
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Vancassel S, Capuron L, Castanon N. Brain Kynurenine and BH4 Pathways: Relevance to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inflammation-Driven Depressive Symptoms. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:499. [PMID: 30140200 PMCID: PMC6095005 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive disorders is growing worldwide, notably due to stagnation in the development of drugs with greater antidepressant efficacy, the continuous large proportion of patients who do not respond to conventional antidepressants, and the increasing rate of chronic medical conditions associated with an increased vulnerability to depressive comorbidities. Accordingly, better knowledge on the pathophysiology of depression and mechanisms underlying depressive comorbidities in chronic medical conditions appears urgently needed, in order to help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. In this review, we present evidence pointing to inflammatory processes as key players in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive symptoms. In particular, we report preclinical and clinical findings showing that inflammation-driven alterations in specific metabolic pathways, namely kynurenine and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways, leads to substantial alterations in the metabolism of serotonin, glutamate and dopamine that are likely to contribute to the development of key depressive symptom dimensions. Accordingly, anti-inflammatory interventions targeting kynurenine and BH4 pathways may be effective as novel treatment or as adjuvants of conventional medications rather directed to monoamines, notably when depressive symptomatology and inflammation are comorbid in treated patients. This notion is discussed in the light of recent findings illustrating the tight interactions between known antidepressant drugs and inflammatory processes, as well as their therapeutic implications. Altogether, this review provides valuable findings for moving toward more adapted and personalized therapeutic strategies to treat inflammation-related depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Vancassel
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), INRA, Bordeaux, France
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), INRA, Bordeaux, France
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), INRA, Bordeaux, France
- UMR 1286, Laboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (NutriNeuro), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of biomarkers for depression is of great clinical relevance as the diagnosis is currently subjective. Recent research points towards sortilin as a potential biomarker for depression, and the aim of the current study was to investigate the serum sortilin level in response to antidepressant treatment. METHODS The study included 56 depressed individuals of which 41 responded to treatment. Depression scores and serum levels of sortilin were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 13. RESULTS The depression score and response to treatment were not predicted by the sortilin level. Likewise, we observed no significant change in serum sortilin levels following 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Furthermore, no association between the serum sortilin level and depression score was observed. CONCLUSION The results do not point towards sortilin as a state-dependent biomarker.
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Abstract
Pragmatic studies indicate that a substantial number of depressed patients do not remit with current first-line antidepressant treatments and after two failed treatment steps the chance of remission with subsequent therapies is around 15%. This paper focuses on current evidence for pharmacological treatments in resistant depression as well as possible future developments. For patients who have failed to respond to two antidepressant trials, augmentation with atypical antipsychotic drugs, specifically quetiapine and aripiprazole, has the best evidence for efficacy, though older treatments such as lithium and triiodothyronine still have utility. The striking antidepressant effect of ketamine in resistant depression has stimulated research into glutamatergic compounds; however, capturing the efficacy of ketamine with drugs suitable for continuous use has proved challenging. Growing knowledge of the pathophysiological role of inflammation in depression offers great opportunities for future treatment in terms of repurposing anti-inflammatory agents from general medicine and pre-treatment stratification of those depressed patients in whom such interventions are likely to be beneficial. Finally an older drug, the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole, if used carefully may well improve the prospects of depressed patients who are refractory to current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry,Warneford Hospital,Oxford OX3 7JX,UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to create a rank order of the comparative efficacy and acceptability (risk of all-cause discontinuation) of antidepressant treatment in poststroke depression (PSD) by integrating direct and indirect evidence. DESIGN Multiple-treatments meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PARTICIPANTS Patients with depression following stroke. INTERVENTIONS 10 antidepressants and placebo in the acute treatment of PSD. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were the overall efficacy, defined as the mean change of the total depression score. The secondary outcome was the acceptability, defined as risk of all-cause discontinuation. These estimates as standardised mean differences or ORs with 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified 12 suitable trials, with data from 707 participants. All drugs were significantly more effective than placebo apart from sertraline, nefiracetam and fluoxetine. Most of the comparisons for acceptability revealed no significant differences except that paroxetine had significantly lower all-cause discontinuation than doxepin, citalopram and fluoxetine. Standardised mean differences compared with placebo for efficacy varied from -6.54 for the best drug (reboxetine) to 0.51 for the worst drug (nefiracetam). ORs compared with placebo for acceptability ranged from 0.09 for the best drug (paroxetine) to 3.42 for the worst drug (citalopram). For the efficacy rank, reboxetine, paroxetine, doxepin and duloxetine were among the most efficacious treatments, the cumulative probabilities of which were 100%, 85.7%, 83.2%, 62.4%, respectively. With respect to the acceptability rank, paroxetine, placebo, sertraline and nortriptyline were among the most acceptable treatments, the cumulative probabilities of which were 92.4%, 63.5%, 57.3%, 56.3%. CONCLUSION After weighing the efficacy and acceptability, we conclude that paroxetine might be the best choice when starting acute treatment for PSD, and fluoxetine might be the worst choice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This systematic review has been registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Review Protocols (PROSPERO) public database (CRD42017054741; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jueying Lin
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiling Qu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Pereira-Figueiredo I, Castellano O, Riolobos AS, Ferreira-Dias G, López DE, Sancho C. Long-Term Sertraline Intake Reverses the Behavioral Changes Induced by Prenatal Stress in Rats in a Sex-Dependent Way. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:99. [PMID: 28611606 PMCID: PMC5446993 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is a major factor underlying the vulnerability to respond to stressful events later in life. The present study attempted to evaluate the role of prenatal stress affecting the development of stress-related disorders and their reversion by postnatal exposure to Sertraline (SERT), a front-line medication for medication for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. To achieve this, adult male and female prenatally stressed (PS) or unstressed (Controls) offspring rats, following oral chronic treatment with SERT (5 mg/kg/day; from 1 month to 4 months old), or not, were studied prior to and after a traumatic event. First, anxiety-like behavior during the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test, a modulation of the startle reflex, was examined in all animals. Subsequently, the animals were subjected to a session of mild inescapable footshocks (IS; 0.35 mA, 5 s) in a shuttle box that was followed by 4 days of situational reminders in the aversive context. Prior to the footshocks no effects of PS or SERT were shown, and no changes in PPI and the habituation to the shuttle box were found. After them, PS led animals to exhibit behavioral alterations. When compared to the Controls, PS animals of both sexes displayed less rearing activity in the aversive environment. PS males responded less to footshock delivery and, in most of the animals, fear extinction was impaired. Moreover, the early postnatal exposure to SERT lessened the behavioral impact of PS in females, while in males it had no effect. Current results extend previous data from our laboratory, showing that PS heightened vulnerability to stress later on, and that SERT acts differently in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pereira-Figueiredo
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Orlando Castellano
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Adelaida S Riolobos
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Graça Ferreira-Dias
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of LisbonLisbon, Portugal
| | - Dolores E López
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sancho
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León, Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of SalamancaSalamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the leading causes of disability in the world since depression is highly frequent and causes a strong burden. In order to reduce the duration of depressive episodes, clinicians would need to choose the most effective therapy for each individual right away. A prerequisite for this would be to have biomarkers at hand that would predict which individual would benefit from which kind of therapy (for example, pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy) or even from which kind of antidepressant class. In the past, neuroimaging, electroencephalogram, genetic, proteomic, and inflammation markers have been under investigation for their utility to predict targeted therapies. The present overview demonstrates recent advances in all of these different methodological areas and concludes that these approaches are promising but also that the aim to have such a marker available has not yet been reached. For example, the integration of markers from different systems needs to be achieved. With ongoing advances in the accuracy of sensing techniques and improvement of modelling approaches, this challenge might be achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Burton C, Cameron I, Anderson N. Explaining the variation between practices in the duration of new antidepressant treatment: a database cohort study in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2015; 65:e114-20. [PMID: 25624307 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp15X683557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practices vary in the duration of newly initiated antidepressant treatment, even after adjusting for patient characteristics. It was hypothesised that this may be because of differences between practices in demographic (practice deprivation and antidepressant prescribing rates), organisational (practice size and proportion of female GPs), and clinical factors (proportion of new episodes of depression coded). AIM To examine the effect of practice characteristics on the duration of new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment in primary care. DESIGN AND SETTING Database cohort study of 28 027 patients from 237 GP practices in Scotland. METHOD Prescription data were used to estimate duration of treatment for individual patients beyond three time points: 30, 90, and 180 days. Data at patient and practice level were analysed by multilevel logistic regression to quantify the variation between practices. RESULTS The mean rate of diagnostic coding for depression in patients beginning a course of treatment was 29% (range 0-80%). Practice-level deprivation and rate of new antidepressant prescribing were not associated with duration of treatment. The practice level factor most strongly associated with duration of treatment at practice level was the proportion of patients coded as having depression: odds ratio for continuing beyond 30 days was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 1.94); beyond 90 days, 1.37 (95% CI = 1.09 to 1.71); and beyond 180 days 1.41 (95% CI = 1.10 to 1.82). CONCLUSION Encouraging coding and structured follow-up at the onset of treatment of depression is likely to reduce early discontinuation of antidepressant treatment and improve outcomes.
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Enache D, Fereshtehnejad SM, Kåreholt I, Cermakova P, Garcia-Ptacek S, Johnell K, Religa D, Jelic V, Winblad B, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Fastbom J, Eriksdotter M. Antidepressants and mortality risk in a dementia cohort: data from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:430-440. [PMID: 27586958 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between mortality risk and use of antidepressants in people with dementia is unknown. OBJECTIVE To describe the use of antidepressants in people with different dementia diagnoses and to explore mortality risk associated with use of antidepressants 3 years before a dementia diagnosis. METHODS Study population included 20 050 memory clinic patients from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) diagnosed with incident dementia. Data on antidepressants dispensed at the time of dementia diagnosis and during 3-year period before dementia diagnosis were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Cox regression models were used. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 2 years from dementia diagnosis, 25.8% of dementia patients died. A quarter (25.0%) of patients were on antidepressants at the time of dementia diagnosis, while 21.6% used antidepressants at some point during a 3-year period before a dementia diagnosis. Use of antidepressant treatment for 3 consecutive years before a dementia diagnosis was associated with a lower mortality risk for all dementia disorders and in Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION Antidepressant treatment is common among patients with dementia. Use of antidepressants during prodromal stages may reduce mortality in dementia and specifically in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Enache
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Southwest Psychiatry, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - S-M Fereshtehnejad
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kåreholt
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Gerontology, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - P Cermakova
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Garcia-Ptacek
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Johnell
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Religa
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V Jelic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Aarsland
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Center for Age-Related Diseases, Psychiatric Clinic, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - J Fastbom
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Wiktorsson S, Olsson P, Waern M. Medically Serious and Non-Serious Suicide Attempts in Persons Aged 70 and Above. Geriatrics (Basel) 2016; 1:E23. [PMID: 31022816 PMCID: PMC6371129 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics1030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High rates of suicide are observed among older adults in many countries worldwide. In clinical settings, those who make a medically serious suicide attempt are generally considered to be at higher risk of subsequent suicide than those who make less serious attempts. Medically serious attempts in older clinical cohorts are, however, relatively understudied. The aim was to compare older adult suicide attempters (70+) who did or did not make medically serious attempts. We hypothesized, in line with the Interpersonal Model of suicide, that social problems and feelings of being a burden would be associated with medical seriousness. Participants (n = 101) were recruited in hospitals in the aftermath of a suicide attempt; they took part in an interview with a research psychologist. Attempters with (n = 28) and without (n = 73) medically serious attempts were compared. Major depression was common in both groups, and scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale did not differ. However, older adults who made medically serious attempts scored higher on the Brief Scale of Anxiety and lower on the Mini Mental State Examination than their peers who made less serious attempts. Medically serious attempters more often attributed the attempt to social problems as well as problems with functioning and autonomy, but perceived burdensomeness was not associated with seriousness. Findings may help to inform clinicians who meet and treat older suicidal persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wiktorsson
- Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Petter Olsson
- Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margda Waern
- Section for Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Gothenburg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Pimontel MA, Rindskopf D, Rutherford BR, Brown PJ, Roose SP, Sneed JR. A Meta-Analysis of Executive Dysfunction and Antidepressant Treatment Response in Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 24:31-41. [PMID: 26282222 PMCID: PMC4928373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressed older adults with executive dysfunction (ED) may respond poorly to antidepressant treatment. ED is a multifaceted construct and different studies have measured different aspects of ED, making it unclear which aspects predict poor response. Meta-analytic methods were used to determine whether ED predicts poor antidepressant treatment response in late-life depression and to determine which domains of executive functioning are responsible for this relationship. METHODS A Medline search was conducted to identify regimented treatment trials contrasting executive functioning between elderly responders and nonresponders; only regimented treatment trials for depressed outpatients aged 50 and older were included. Following the most recent PRISMA guidelines, 25 measures of executive functioning were extracted from eight studies. Six domains were identified: cognitive flexibility, planning and organization, response inhibition, selective attention, verbal fluency, and the Dementia Rating Scale Initiation/Perseveration composite score (DRS I/P). Hedge's g was calculated for each measure of executive functioning. A three-level Bayesian hierarchical linear model (HLM) was used to estimate effect sizes for each domain of executive functioning. RESULTS The effect of planning and organization was significantly different from zero (Bayesian HLM estimate of domain effect size: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.32-1.58), whereas cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, selective attention, verbal fluency, and the DRS I/P composite score were not. CONCLUSION The domain of planning and organization is meaningfully associated with poor antidepressant treatment response in late-life depression. These findings suggest that therapies that focus on planning and organization may provide effective augmentation strategies for antidepressant nonresponders with late-life depression.
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Breitenstein B, Brückl TM, Ising M, Müller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F, Czamara D. ABCB1 gene variants and antidepressant treatment outcome: A meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:274-83. [PMID: 25847751 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a gene product of the ABCB1 gene, plays a pivotal role in the transfer of various molecules across the blood-brain barrier. P-gp protects the brain by selectively extruding its substrates, including certain antidepressive drugs, thereby limiting their uptake into the brain. Uhr et al. [2008] first showed that ABCB1 variants predicted the remission to antidepressants with P-gp substrate properties in patients suffering from major depression (MD). Other studies investigating the influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on antidepressant treatment response produced inconclusive results. In this meta-analysis, we systematically summarized 16 pharmacogenetic studies focused on the association of ABCB1 variants and antidepressant treatment outcome in patients with MD (overall n = 2695). We investigated the association of treatment outcome and six ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2032583, rs2235015, rs2235040, rs1045642, rs2032582, rs1128503. We stratified for admission status, ethnicity, and prescription of concomitant medication. SNP rs2032583 showed a nominally significant association across all studies (P = 0.035, SNP was studied in a total of 2,037 patients) and a significant Bonferroni-corrected association among inpatients (P = 1.5 × 10(-05) , n = 485). Also SNP rs2235015 was significantly associated with antidepressant treatment outcome withstanding Bonferroni correction (P = 3.0 × 10(-04) ) among inpatients in a smaller subsample (n = 195). There were no significant associations of the other SNPs tested with antidepressant treatment outcome. Future pharmacogenetic association studies should focus on the role of the ABCB1 SNP rs2032583 in antidepressant outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Breitenstein
- HMNC GmbH, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurobehavioral Genetics, Institute of Psychobiology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Florian Holsboer
- HMNC GmbH, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Leuchter AF, Hunter AM, Krantz DE, Cook IA. Rhythms and blues: modulation of oscillatory synchrony and the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:78-91. [PMID: 25809789 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) act at different hierarchical levels of biological complexity, ranging from the individual synapse to the brain as a whole. Theories of antidepressant medication action traditionally have focused on the level of cell-to-cell interaction and synaptic neurotransmission. However, recent evidence suggests that modulation of synchronized electrical activity in neuronal networks is a common effect of antidepressant treatments, including not only medications, but also neuromodulatory treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Synchronization of oscillatory network activity in particular frequency bands has been proposed to underlie neurodevelopmental and learning processes, and also may be important in the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatments. Here, we review current research on the relationship between neuroplasticity and oscillatory synchrony, which suggests that oscillatory synchrony may help mediate neuroplastic changes related to neurodevelopment, learning, and memory, as well as medication and neuromodulatory treatment for MDD. We hypothesize that medication and neuromodulation treatments may have related effects on the rate and pattern of neuronal firing, and that these effects underlie antidepressant efficacy. Elucidating the mechanisms through which oscillatory synchrony may be related to neuroplasticity could lead to enhanced treatment strategies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Leuchter
- Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, and the Depression Research and Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) may be associated with oxidative damage to lipids, which can potentially affect mood-regulating pathways. This meta-analysis summarizes current knowledge regarding lipid peroxidation markers in clinical samples of MDD and the effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on those markers. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Collaboration were searched for original, peer-reviewed articles measuring markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with MDD and nondepressed healthy controls up to April 2015. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models summarizing mean (± standard deviations) concentrations of selected markers. RESULTS Lipid peroxidation was greater in MDD than in controls (studies =17, N=857 MDD/782 control, SMD =0.83 [0.56-1.09], z=6.11, P<0.01, I (2)=84.0%) and was correlated with greater depressive symptom severity (B=0.05, df=8, P<0.01). Antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation in MDD patients (studies=5, N=222, SMD=0.71 [0.40-0.97], P<0.01; I (2)=42.5%). LIMITATIONS Lipid peroxidation markers were sampled from peripheral blood, included studies comparing MDD to controls were all cross-sectional, and only five antidepressant treatment studies were eligible for inclusion. CONCLUSION Increased lipid peroxidation was associated with MDD and may be normalized by antidepressants. Continued investigation of lipid peroxidation in MDD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Mazereeuw
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto ; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maisha M Khan
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
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Zilcha-Mano S, Roose SP, Barber JP, Rutherford BR. Therapeutic alliance in antidepressant treatment: cause or effect of symptomatic levels? Psychother Psychosom 2015; 84:177-82. [PMID: 25832111 PMCID: PMC4417334 DOI: 10.1159/000379756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that in psychotherapy alliance is a predictor of symptomatic change, even while accounting for the temporal precedence between alliance and symptoms. However, the extent to which alliance predicts outcomes in psychopharmacology is yet to be fully investigated considering the fact that alliance can be the result, rather than the cause, of symptomatic change. The current prospective study examined whether the alliance predicts outcomes in psychopharmacology, while controlling for previous symptomatic change throughout the course of treatment. METHODS Data from a psychopharmacological randomized controlled trial for the treatment of adult major depression (n = 42), including the patients' rating of the alliance with the physicians, were analyzed. Multilevel models controlling for autoregressive lag of the dependent variable were used in all analyses to examine the effect of alliance on outcome. RESULTS The effect of alliance on outcome, while controlling for prior symptomatic levels, was significant and restricted to the middle phase of treatment (week 4, p = 0.005), when most of the reductions in symptoms were observed. Exploratory analyses of the differences between placebo and medication conditions suggest that the differences between the patients in their average alliance levels predicted a greater reduction in symptoms in the placebo compared to the medication conditions (p = 0.008). The main limitation is the small cohort size. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an effect of alliance on outcome in psychopharmacology, which is not merely the result of previous symptomatic levels. This effect may be more robust in conditions that do not include active treatment (placebo), possibly serving as a compensatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P. Roose
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Jacques P. Barber
- The Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University
| | - Bret R. Rutherford
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Reinlieb ME, Persaud A, Singh D, Garcon E, Rutherford BR, Pelton GH, Devanand DP, Roose SP, Sneed JR. Vascular depression: overrepresented among African Americans? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 29:470-7. [PMID: 24123266 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to compare the rate of vascular depression among a clinical sample of African American and Caucasian depressed older adults. Secondary aims included characterizing the clinical and neuropsychological profile of vascular depression and comparing antidepressant response rates between patients with vascular and nonvascular depression. METHODS This was a two-site, multi-ethnic, open 8-week trial of antidepressant medication in older adults with depression. Men and women 50 years or older meeting DSM-IV criteria for nonpsychotic unipolar depression participated in this trial. Each participant underwent a comprehensive psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation and a brain MRI, which were performed at baseline. RESULTS Forty-six patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty-two of those patients received an MRI at baseline. Sixteen patients met criteria for vascular depression. Patients with vascular depression were significantly more likely to be African American and have a higher likelihood of being female, a higher rate of hypertension and psychomotor retardation, a lower rate of family history of affective illness, and frontal systems dysfunction on neuropsychological testing. The difference in response rates between patients with vascular and nonvascular depression did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to document high rates of vascular depression in a clinical sample of African Americans and Caucasians. Our findings suggest that vascular depression may be overrepresented among African Americans, which is consistent with the high rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and stroke in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Reinlieb
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Qian J, Simoni-Wastila L, Langenberg P, Rattinger GB, Zuckerman IH, Lehmann S, Terrin M. Effects of depression diagnosis and antidepressant treatment on mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:754-61. [PMID: 23617752 PMCID: PMC3656143 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the effects of depression diagnosis and antidepressant treatment on 2-year all-cause mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) eligibility modifies these relationships. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING A 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older in stand-alone Part D plans in 2006 to 2008. PARTICIPANTS Beneficiaries diagnosed with COPD and continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B, and D (N = 75,699). MEASUREMENTS Depression diagnosis was assessed at baseline (2006). Evidence of antidepressant treatment was measured across time. Covariates included baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and disease severity. Survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models estimated 2-year mortality associated with depression diagnosis or antidepressant treatment (in beneficiaries with depression). Interaction terms of SSDI eligibility with baseline depression and time-dependent antidepressant treatment were tested. RESULTS More than one-fifth (21.6%) of beneficiaries with COPD had a depression diagnosis at baseline, and 82.1% of those received antidepressants. Nearly one-sixth (16.3%) of the sample were SSDI eligible. Baseline depression heightened risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-1.18) in beneficiaries who were not eligible for SSDI. In beneficiaries with depression, the association between antidepressant treatment and lower mortality was different according to SSDI eligibility status. CONCLUSION Social Security Disability Insurance eligibility modifies the effects of depression and antidepressant treatment on mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with COPD. These data suggest that clinicians should identify and treat depression in individuals with COPD, but further studies are needed to determine the effect of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- Department of Pharmacy Care Systems, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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50
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Renoir T. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment discontinuation syndrome: a review of the clinical evidence and the possible mechanisms involved. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:45. [PMID: 23596418 PMCID: PMC3627130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides demonstrated efficacy, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) hold other advantages over earlier antidepressants such as greater tolerability and a wider range of clinical applications. However, there is a growing body of clinical evidence which suggests that SSRIs could, in some cases, be associated with a withdrawal reaction upon cessation of regular use. In addition to sensory and gastrointestinal-related symptoms, the somatic symptoms of the SSRI discontinuation syndrome include dizziness, lethargy, and sleep disturbances. Psychological symptoms have also been documented, usually developing within 1–7 days following SSRI discontinuation. The characteristics of the discontinuation syndrome have been linked to the half-life of a given SSRI, with a greater number of reports emerging from paroxetine compared to other SSRIs. However, many aspects of the neurobiology of the SSRI discontinuation syndrome (or SSRI withdrawal syndrome) remain unresolved. Following a comprehensive overview of the clinical evidence, we will discuss the underlying pathophysiology of the SSRI discontinuation syndrome and comment on the use of animal models to better understand this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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