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Piccioli D, Buricchi F, Bacconi M, Bechi N, Galli B, Ferlicca F, Luzzi E, Cartocci E, Marchi S, Romagnoli G, Alfini R, Di Benedetto R, Gallorini S, Savino S, Brunelli B, Bartolini E, Micoli F. Enhanced Systemic Humoral Immune Response Induced in Mice by Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) Is Associated with Affinity Maturation and Isotype Switching. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1219. [PMID: 37515035 PMCID: PMC10384117 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA) are outer membrane vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria that can be used to design affordable subunit vaccines. GMMA have been observed to induce a potent humoral immune response in preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, in preclinical studies, it has been found that GMMA can be exploited as optimal antigen carriers for both protein and saccharide antigens, as they are able to promote the enhancement of the antigen-specific humoral immune response when the antigen is overexpressed or chemically conjugated to GMMA. Here we investigated the mechanism of this GMMA carrier effect by immunizing mice and using factor H binding protein and GMMA of Neisseria meningitidis B as an antigen-GMMA model. We confirmed that the antigen displayed on the GMMA surface increased the antigen-specific IgG production and, above all, the antibody functionality measured by the serum bactericidal activity. We found that the enhancement of the bactericidal capacity induced by GMMA carrying the antigen on the surface was associated with the increase in antibody affinity to the antigen, and with the switching toward IgG subclasses with more bactericidal potential. Thus, we conclude that the potent carrier effect of GMMA is due to their ability to promote a better quality of humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renzo Alfini
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Micoli
- GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH), 53100 Siena, Italy
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Fan B, Gu J, Deng B, Guo W, Zhang S, Li L, Li B. Positively Charged-Amylose-Entangled Au-Nanoparticles Acting as Protein Carriers and Potential Adjuvants to SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccines. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37330942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread worldwide. To protect and control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, varieties of subunit vaccines based on spike (S) proteins have been approved for human applications. Here, we report a new subunit vaccine design strategy that functions as both an antigen carrier and an adjuvant in immunization to elicit high-level immune responses. The complex of 2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride chitosan and amylose entangles Au nanoparticles (HTCC/amylose/AuNPs) forming 40 nm nanocarriers with a positive charge. The obtained positively charged nanoparticles reveal many merits, including the larger S protein loading capacity in PBS buffer, higher cellular uptake ability, and lower cell cytotoxicity, supporting their potential as safe vaccine nanocarriers. Two functionalized nanoparticle subunit vaccines are prepared via loading full-length S proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 variants. In mice, both prepared vaccines elicit high specific IgG antibodies, neutralize antibodies, and immunoglobulin IgG1 and IgG2a. The prepared vaccines also elicit robust T- and B-cell immune responses and increase CD19+ B cells, CD11C+ dendritic cells, and CD11B+ macrophages at the alveoli and bronchi of the immunized mice. Furthermore, the results of skin safety tests and histological observation of organs indicated in vivo safety of HTCC/amylose/AuNP-based vaccines. Summarily, our prepared HTCC/amylose/AuNP have significant potential as general vaccine carriers for the delivery of different antigens with potent immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weilu Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Pharmaceutical, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Shuaifeng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
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García-Silva I, Olvera-Sosa M, Ortega-Berlanga B, Ruíz-Rodríguez V, Palestino G, Rosales-Mendoza S. Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Microgels Based on Polyacrylic Acid and Microalgae Cell Wall and Their Potential as Antigen Delivery Vehicles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15. [PMID: 36678762 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, hybrid polyacrylic acid and Schizochytrium sp. microalgae (PAA/Schizo) microgels were synthesized by inverse emulsion assisted by ultrasound using the cell wall fraction as crosslinker. Physicochemical characterization of PAA/Schizo microgels revealed polymeric spherical particles (288 ± 39 nm) and were deemed stable and negatively charged. The produced microgels are not inherently toxic as cell viability was sustained above 80% when mice splenocytes were exposed to concentrations ranging 10-900 µg/mL. PAA/Schizo microgels were evaluated as antigen delivery nanovehicle by adsorbing bovine serum albumin (BSA); with a loading efficiency of 72% and loading capacity of 362 µg/mg. Overall, intranasally-immunized BALB/c mice showed null IgG or IgA responses against PAA/Schizo microgel-BSA, whereas soluble BSA induced significant humoral responses in systemic and mucosal compartments. Splenocytes proliferation assay upon BSA stimulus revealed positive CD4+ T cells-proliferation response in PAA/Schizo microgels-BSA group. Thus, PAA/Schizo microgels constitute functional antigen delivery vehicles of simple and ecofriendly synthesis. Moreover, the use of cell wall fraction as cross-linker agent provides an alternative use for the generation of high-value products using residual algae biomass from the oil industry. Our data suggests that the PAA/Schizo microgels are potential antigen delivery vehicles for immunotherapy development.
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Zapata-Cuellar L, Gaona-Bernal J, Manuel-Cabrera CA, Martínez-Velázquez M, Sánchez-Hernández C, Elizondo-Quiroga D, Camacho-Villegas TA, Gutiérrez-Ortega A. Development of a Platform for Noncovalent Coupling of Full Antigens to Tobacco Etch Virus-Like Particles by Means of Coiled-Coil Oligomerization Motifs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154436. [PMID: 34361589 PMCID: PMC8348948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles are excellent inducers of the adaptive immune response of humans and are presently being used as scaffolds for the presentation of foreign peptides and antigens derived from infectious microorganisms for subunit vaccine development. The most common approaches for peptide and antigen presentation are translational fusions and chemical coupling, but some alternatives that seek to simplify the coupling process have been reported recently. In this work, an alternative platform for coupling full antigens to virus-like particles is presented. Heterodimerization motifs inserted in both Tobacco etch virus coat protein and green fluorescent protein directed the coupling process by simple mixing, and the obtained complexes were easily taken up by a macrophage cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zapata-Cuellar
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.Z.-C.); (C.A.M.-C.); (M.M.-V.); (D.E.-Q.)
| | - Jorge Gaona-Bernal
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Alberto Manuel-Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.Z.-C.); (C.A.M.-C.); (M.M.-V.); (D.E.-Q.)
| | - Moisés Martínez-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.Z.-C.); (C.A.M.-C.); (M.M.-V.); (D.E.-Q.)
| | - Carla Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Nogales km 15.5, Zapopan 45510, Mexico;
| | - Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.Z.-C.); (C.A.M.-C.); (M.M.-V.); (D.E.-Q.)
| | - Tanya Amanda Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-CIATEJ, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico;
| | - Abel Gutiérrez-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Normalistas 800, Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.Z.-C.); (C.A.M.-C.); (M.M.-V.); (D.E.-Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Fang Z, Li R, Huang X, Liu Q. Design of Outer Membrane Vesicles as Cancer Vaccines: A New Toolkit for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091314. [PMID: 31500086 PMCID: PMC6769604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been extensively studied in recent years and have contributed to exceptional achievements in cancer treatment. They are some of the most newly developed vaccines, although only two are currently approved for use, Provenge and Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC). Despite the approval of these two vaccines, most vaccines have been terminated at the clinical trial stage, which indicates that although they are effective in theory, concerns still exist, including low antigenicity of targeting antigens and tumor heterogeneity. In recent years, with new understanding of the biological function and vaccine potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), their potential application in cancer vaccine design deserves our attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the mechanisms, advantages, and prospects of OMVs as antigen-carrier vaccines in cancer vaccine development. We believe that OMV-based vaccines present a safe and effective cancer therapeutic option with broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zheyan Fang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruizhen Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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