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D’Antona AM, Lee JM, Zhang M, Friedman C, He T, Mosyak L, Bennett E, Lin L, Silverman M, Cometa F, Meade C, Hageman T, Sousa E, Cohen J, Marquette K, Ferguson D, Zhong X. Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1931. [PMID: 38339208 PMCID: PMC10855961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Julie M. Lee
- Translational Clinical Sciences, Pfizer Discovery & Early Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Melvin Zhang
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clarence Friedman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tao He
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Lidia Mosyak
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Bennett
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Laura Lin
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Maddison Silverman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Funi Cometa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Caryl Meade
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Tyler Hageman
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eric Sousa
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Justin Cohen
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Darren Ferguson
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer Research & Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (T.H.); (T.H.); (E.S.)
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM. A potential antibody repertoire diversification mechanism through tyrosine sulfation for biotherapeutics engineering and production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072702. [PMID: 36569848 PMCID: PMC9774471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of three hypervariable loops in antibody heavy chain and light chain, termed the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), defines antibody's binding affinity and specificity owing to the direct contact between the CDRs and antigens. These CDR regions typically contain tyrosine (Tyr) residues that are known to engage in both nonpolar and pi stacking interaction with antigens through their complementary aromatic ring side chains. Nearly two decades ago, sulfotyrosine residue (sTyr), a negatively charged Tyr formed by Golgi-localized membrane-bound tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases during protein trafficking, were also found in the CDR regions and shown to play an important role in modulating antibody-antigen interaction. This breakthrough finding demonstrated that antibody repertoire could be further diversified through post-translational modifications, in addition to the conventional genetic recombination. This review article summarizes the current advances in the understanding of the Tyr-sulfation modification mechanism and its application in potentiating protein-protein interaction for antibody engineering and production. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
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Waraho-Zhmayev D, Meksiriporn B, Portnoff AD, DeLisa MP. Optimizing recombinant antibodies for intracellular function using hitchhiker-mediated survival selection. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:351-8. [PMID: 25225416 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'hitchhiker' mechanism of the bacterial twin-arginine translocation pathway has previously been adapted as a genetic selection for detecting pairwise protein interactions in the cytoplasm of living Escherichia coli cells. Here, we extended this method, called FLI-TRAP, for rapid isolation of intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) in the single-chain Fv format that possess superior traits simply by demanding bacterial growth on high concentrations of antibiotic. Following just a single round of survival-based enrichment using FLI-TRAP, variants of an intrabody against the dimerization domain of the yeast Gcn4p transcription factor were isolated having significantly greater intracellular stability that translated to yield enhancements of >10-fold. Likewise, an intrabody specific for the non-amyloid component region of α-synuclein was isolated that has ~8-fold improved antigen-binding affinity. Collectively, our results illustrate the potential of the FLI-TRAP method for intracellular stabilization and affinity maturation of intrabodies, all without the need for purification or immobilization of the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujduan Waraho-Zhmayev
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-utid Road, Bangmod, Toongkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | | | - Alyse D Portnoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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