[Chloroxoquinoline inhibits invasion in breast cancer via down-regulating Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of chloroxoquinoline on cytoskeleton of breast cancer cells and its relation with Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway.

METHODS

Breast cancer Bcap37 and MDA-MB-453 cells were treated with different concentrations of chloroxoquinoline. Wound healing and Transwell assay were conducted to detect cell migration and invasion, respectively. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining and immunofluorescent staining were used to observe the polymerization state of F-actin and the expression of α-Tublin in breast cancer cells, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation level of key protein in Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, chloroxoquinoline treatment induced dose-dependent decrease in cell migration and invasion, and Bcap37 and MDA-MB-453 cells treated with chloroxoquinoline showed dose-dependent changes in cell morphology and decrease in cell body. The staining of F-actin and α-Tublin was irregular and clustered. Furthermore, treatment of chloroxoquinoline down-regulated the phosphorylation of the Rho/Rho kinase signaling proteins Cofilin, Limk and Rock2 (all P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Chloroxoquinoline inhibits the cytoskeleton in breast cancer Bcap37 and MDA-MB-453 cells and inhibits cell migration. This effect may be associated with down-regulation of Rho/Rho kinase signaling pathway.

Comparative Effects of CT Imaging Measurement on RECIST End Points and Tumor Growth Kinetics Modeling

Quantitative assessments of tumor burden and modeling of longitudinal growth could improve phase II oncology trials. To identify obstacles to wider use of quantitative measures we obtained recorded linear tumor measurements from three published lung cancer trials. Model-based parameters of tumor burden change were estimated and compared with similarly sized samples from separate trials. Time-to-tumor growth (TTG) was computed from measurements recorded on case report forms and a second radiologist blinded to the form data. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based progression-free survival (PFS) measures were perfectly concordant between the original forms data and the blinded radiologist re-evaluation (intraclass correlation coefficient = 1), but these routine interrater differences in the identification and measurement of target lesions were associated with an average 18-week delay (range, -20 to 55 weeks) in TTG (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.32). To exploit computational metrics for improving statistical power in small clinical trials will require increased precision of tumor burden assessments.