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Smith S, Cassada JB, Von Bredow L, Erreger K, Webb EM, Trombley TA, Kalbfleisch JJ, Bender BJ, Zagol-Ikapitte I, Kramlinger VM, Bouchard JL, Mitchell SG, Tretbar M, Shoichet BK, Lindsley CW, Meiler J, Hamm HE. Discovery of Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4)-Tethered Ligand Antagonists Using Ultralarge Virtual Screening. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1086-1100. [PMID: 38633591 PMCID: PMC11020070 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a structure-based small molecule virtual screening and lead optimization pipeline using a homology model of a difficult-to-drug G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) target. Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) is activated by thrombin cleavage, revealing a tethered ligand that activates the receptor, making PAR4 a challenging target. A virtual screen of a make-on-demand chemical library yielded a one-hit compound. From the single-hit compound, we developed a novel series of PAR4 antagonists. Subsequent lead optimization via simultaneous virtual library searches and structure-based rational design efforts led to potent antagonists of thrombin-induced activation. Interestingly, this series of antagonists was active against PAR4 activation by the native protease thrombin cleavage but not the synthetic PAR4 agonist peptide AYPGKF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon
T. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jackson B. Cassada
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lukas Von Bredow
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical
School, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Kevin Erreger
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Emma M. Webb
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Trevor A. Trombley
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Jacob J. Kalbfleisch
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Brian J. Bender
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Irene Zagol-Ikapitte
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Valerie M. Kramlinger
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Jacob L. Bouchard
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Sidnee G. Mitchell
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Maik Tretbar
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical
School, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Brian K. Shoichet
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Institute
for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical
School, Leipzig 04109, Germany
| | - Heidi E. Hamm
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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