Venkatachalam D, Chambers JP, Kongara K, Ward N, Jacob A, Singh PM. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and convulsive dose of
articaine hydrochloride in goat kids.
Vet Anaesth Analg 2020;
48:264-271. [PMID:
33593682 DOI:
10.1016/j.vaa.2019.12.012]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and convulsive dose of articaine hydrochloride in goat kids.
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental prospective study.
ANIMALS
A total of 18 (n = 6 animals per experiment) male Saanen goat kids (2-4 weeks old).
METHODS
The study consisted of three experiments. The first determined the pharmacokinetics of articaine following intravenous administration of articaine hydrochloride (8 mg kg-1). The second experiment investigated the anaesthetic efficacy and pharmacokinetics following cornual nerve block using 1.5% articaine hydrochloride. Anaesthesia of horn buds was evaluated using the response to pinprick test. Non-compartmental analysis was used. The final experiment determined the convulsive dose of articaine and its corresponding plasma concentration following intravenous infusion of articaine hydrochloride (4 mg kg-1 minute-1). Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
RESULTS
The mean terminal half-life (t1/2λz), mean volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and mean plasma clearance (CL) of articaine following intravenous administration were 0.66 hour, 3.81 L kg-1 and 5.33 L hour-1 kg-1, respectively. After cornual nerve block, the mean maximum plasma concentration of articaine was 587 ng mL-1 at 0.22 hour and its mean t1/2λz was 1.26 hours. Anaesthesia of horn buds was observed within 4 minutes following cornual nerve block. The mean dose required to produce convulsions was 16.24 mg kg-1 and mean convulsive plasma concentrations of articaine and articainic acid were 9905 and 1517 ng mL-1, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous administration of 8 mg kg-1 of articaine hydrochloride did not cause any adverse effects. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that articaine was rapidly eliminated and cleared. Cornual nerve block using 1.5% articaine hydrochloride alleviated the response to the acute nociceptive stimulus during disbudding.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Articaine hydrochloride appears to be a safe and effective local anaesthetic for disbudding in goat kids.
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