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Hopwood CJ, Lenhausen MR, Stahlmann AG, Bleidorn W. Personality aspects and proenvironmental attitudes. J Pers 2024; 92:784-799. [PMID: 36401807 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Climate change is a serious threat. Personality psychologists can help address this threat by understanding what kind of people tend to endorse proenvironmental attitudes and engage in sustainable behavior. Previous research supports reliable associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality traits. However, this research has generally aggregated different kinds of attitudes into a single composite and has focused on the domain level of personality traits. METHOD This study explored how 10 lower-order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to eight different proenvironmental attitudes in three convenience samples from the United States (N = 1234; 1000) and the United Kingdom (N = 538). RESULTS All five trait domains were related to at least one proenvironmental attitude across all three samples. Seven of eight proenvironmental attitudes could be predicted by one or more traits in all three samples. We also found evidence that the Openness aspect of Openness to Experience was a more consistent predictor of proenvironmental attitudes than the Intellect aspect. In contrast, there was little benefit in distinguishing between the aspects of other trait domains. We did not find evidence that age or political orientation moderated the associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality. CONCLUSION Results point to the need for more fine-grained research on individual differences in proenvironmental attitudes and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline R Lenhausen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California, Davis, USA
| | | | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Stahlmann AG, Hopwood CJ, Bleidorn W. Big Five personality traits predict small but robust differences in civic engagement. J Pers 2024; 92:480-494. [PMID: 37066516 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preregistered study provides robust estimates of the links between Big Five personality traits and civic engagement across different samples and life stages. METHODS We recruited two samples from the United States and United Kingdom (total N = 1593) and measured Big Five domains, Big Five aspects, and six civic engagement indicators: volunteerism, charitable giving, donating blood, posthumous organ donation, political voting, and vaccination. We compared the links between these measures across samples and tested moderation across life stages and several sociodemographic variables. We explored whether these links replicate between self- and peer-reports. RESULTS We found small but robust effects. Agreeable, extraverted, and open/intellectual participants reported more civic engagement, especially volunteerism and charitable giving. Neurotic and conscientious participants mainly reported less civic engagement, especially blood and organ donations. One of the two Big Five aspects often drove these links, such as Compassion in the link between Agreeableness and volunteerism. We found some differences between younger and middle-aged adults. CONCLUSIONS Big Five personality traits predict civic engagement modestly but consistently, with adequate study power being critical to detecting these links. Lower-order traits, such as Big Five aspects, clarify the relationships between traits and engagement. Life stages and sociodemographic variables have limited effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Stahlmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Box 7, Zurich, CH-8050, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Hopwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Box 7, Zurich, CH-8050, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, Box 7, Zurich, CH-8050, Switzerland
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Leissner P, Held C, Humphries S, Rondung E, Olsson EMG. Association of Anxiety and Recurrent Cardiovascular Events: Investigating Different Aspects of Anxiety. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:zvae036. [PMID: 38518740 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS While elevated levels of anxiety are associated with worse prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this association may vary between different aspects of anxiety. The aim of this study was to analyse self-reported behavioural, physiological, affective, and cognitive aspects of anxiety and their relation to the risk of recurrent CV events. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective cohort study utilized data from the U-CARE Heart trial. Participants (N = 935, post myocardial infarction) answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS: Anxiety subscale) and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ: Fear, Avoidance & Attention subscales). HADS Anxiety reflected physiological aspects, CAQ Fear reflected cognitive and affective aspects, CAQ Avoidance reflected behavioural aspects, and CAQ Attention reflected cognitive aspects of anxiety. Cox Regression was used to estimate the risk between anxiety and recurrent major adverse cardiac event (MACE). During the follow-up period (mean 2.9 years), 124 individuals (13%) experienced a specified MACE endpoint. HADS Anxiety and CAQ Total were both associated with increased risk of MACE (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15-2.02 and HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.64, respectively). Among the CAQ subscales, there was support for an association between Avoidance and risk of MACE (HR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.64), but not for Attention and Fear. CONCLUSION The results support that anxiety is associated with an increased risk of recurrent MACE in post-MI patients. The association between anxiety and risk was strong for the aspects of anxiety relating to behaviour and physiology, while the support for an association with cognitive and affective aspects was lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Leissner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University
| | - Claes Held
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University
- Dept of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University
| | - Sophia Humphries
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Karolinska Institute
| | | | - Erik M G Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University
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Yuan Z, Yang Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Luo H, Li J, Meng R, Xie Y, Jiang L, Lv Z, Rong B, Li Z. Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score applied to hyperdense lesion on noncontrast CT immediately post-thrombectomy is a predictor of poor outcome in acute ischemic stroke: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30514. [PMID: 36086765 PMCID: PMC10980400 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) applied to hyperdense lesion on noncontrast CT obtained immediately post-thrombectomy (post-ASPECTS) is useful for predicting poor outcome. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent noncontrast CT (NCCT) immediately after mechanical thrombectomy between January 2017 and July 2020 in our comprehensive stroke center. We collected baseline NCCT and post-ASPECTS score. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the post-ASPECTS in predicting clinical outcome were calculated. A total of 223 patients were included. The hyperdense lesion on NCCT immediately after endovascular thrombectomy presented in 85.7% (191/223) patients, poor clinical outcome was in 56.1% (112/191) of hyperdense lesion patients. Low post-ASPECTS was associated with poor outcome (OR 0.390; 95% CI 0.258-0.589; P = .001), with an AUCROC curve of 0.753 (95% CI 0.684-0.822), while baseline NCCT-ASPECTS was not (OR 0. 754; 95% CI 0. 497-1.144; P = .185). A score ≤ 7 in post-ASPECTS was the best cut-off to poor clinical outcome (sensitivity 84.8%; specificity 52.7%; positive predictive value 68.4%; negative predictive value 73.8%). Our results point to the proportion of patients who present hyperdense lesion on NCCT is very high, post-ASPECTS could predict poor clinical outcomes in patients with stroke treated with endovascular mechanical thrombectomy, and post-ASPECTS may achieved better predictive value than baseline ASPECTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhou Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, ChengDu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Renliang Meng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Lv
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Benbing Rong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
| | - Zuoxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, China
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Lan W, Miao Y. New Aspects of HECT-E3 Ligases in Cell Senescence and Cell Death of Plants. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E483. [PMID: 31717304 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells undergo massive orderly changes in structure, biochemistry, and gene expression during cell senescence. These changes cannot be distinguished from the hydrolysis/degradation function controlled by the ubiquitination pathway, autophagy, and various hydrolases in cells. In this mini-review, we summarized current research progress that the human HECT (homologous to the E6AP carboxyl terminus)-type ubiquitin E3 ligases have non-redundant functions in regulating specific signaling pathways, involved in a number of human diseases, especially aging-related diseases, through the influence of DNA repair, protein stability, and removal efficiency of damaged proteins or organelles. We further compared HECT E3 ligases’ structure and functions between plant and mammalian cells, and speculated new aspects acting as degrading signals and regulating signals of HECT E3 ligase in cell senescence and the cell death of plants.
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Demeestere J, Albers GW, Lansberg M, Lemmens R. Response by Demeestere et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score Versus Computed Tomographic Perfusion to Predict Functional Outcome After Successful Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke". Stroke 2019; 50:e21. [PMID: 30580744 PMCID: PMC6541552 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robin Lemmens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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Branco JP, Oliveira S, Sargento-Freitas J, Galego O, Cordeiro G, Cunha L, Freire Gonçalves A, Pinheiro J. Neuroimaging, serum biomarkers, and patient characteristics as predictors of upper limb functioning 12 weeks after acute stroke: an observational, prospective study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2018; 25:1-7. [PMID: 30213243 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2018.1517491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of neuroimaging, serum biomarkers, stroke etiology, and clinical characteristics as predictors of upper limb functioning 12 weeks after stroke. METHODS This was a prospective, observational study of patients (18-85 years-old) hospitalized due to acute ischemic stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Patients were hospitalized at a stroke rehabilitation center, where they underwent a standardized rehabilitation program. Clinical, imagiology, laboratory (biomarkers: C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen, and S100 calcium binding protein β [S100β]), and functionality assessments were conducted four different times: within 24 hours, and at 48 hours, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks after acute stroke. RESULTS Upper limb functioning at 12 weeks was significantly associated with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) score (OR:2.012 [CI:1.349-3.000]; P = 0.001) and S100β protein levels (OR:0.997 [CI:0.994-0.999]; P = 0.007). Advanced age was associated with poor upper limb functioning. S100β protein levels < 140.5 ng/L at 48 hours and ASPECTS scores ≥ 7.5 within 24 hours of admission predicted good hand functioning at 12 weeks. Upper limb functioning and general functioning were significantly correlated (P < 0.001), with strong negative correlations (all correlation coefficients ≤-0.586) for all comparisons. CONCLUSION ASPECTS score ≥ 8 within 24 hours and S100β protein < 140.5 ng/L at 48 hours predict better upper limb functioning, while advanced age predicts worse upper limb functioning 12 weeks after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Branco
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- b Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- c Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department , Centro de Medicina de Reabilitação da Região Centro - Rovisco Pais , Tocha , Portugal
| | - Sandra Oliveira
- c Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department , Centro de Medicina de Reabilitação da Região Centro - Rovisco Pais , Tocha , Portugal
| | - João Sargento-Freitas
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- d Neurology Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Orlando Galego
- d Neurology Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Gustavo Cordeiro
- d Neurology Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Luís Cunha
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- d Neurology Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - António Freire Gonçalves
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- d Neurology Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - João Pinheiro
- a Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
- b Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department , Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Nørgaard AS, Klemmensen R. The personalities of Danish MPs: Trait- and aspect-level differences. J Pers 2018; 87:267-275. [PMID: 29626345 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We study personality traits of Danish parliamentarians (MPs) and examine elite-voter congruence and elite differentiation. Whereas previous political elite studies have focused only on the Big Five level, we include aspect-level differences. METHOD In a highly representative survey of Danish MPs (N = 81; response rate = 46.3%) and a representative study of Danish voters (N = 3,612), we used the 60-item NEO-PI-R short version to examine personality differences on the Big Five level and, based on the NEO-BFAS, the aspect level. RESULTS MPs were more extraverted, conscientious, and open than the average voter. On the elite level, liberal MPs were more agreeable and, on the aspect level, more compassionate but not more polite than conservative MPs. MPs in center parties had stronger power aspirations and were less agreeable and more extraverted than MPs in peripheral parties. On the aspect level, MPs in center parties were more assertive and enthusiastic and less polite. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were associated with power aspiration, but Extraversion was not because the assertiveness effect was suppressed by a non-effect for enthusiasm. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of the aspect level explains null findings at the Big Five level and adds important nuances to the personality portrait of political elites.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality traits are associated with well-being, but the precise correlates vary across well-being dimensions and within each Big Five domain. This study is the first to examine the unique associations between the Big Five aspects (rather than facets) and multiple well-being dimensions. METHOD Two samples of U.S. participants (total N = 706; Mage = 36.17; 54% female) recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed measures of the Big Five aspects and subjective, psychological, and PERMA well-being. RESULTS One aspect within each domain was more strongly associated with well-being variables. Enthusiasm and Withdrawal were strongly associated with a broad range of well-being variables, but other aspects of personality also had idiosyncratic associations with distinct forms of positive functioning (e.g., Compassion with positive relationships, Industriousness with accomplishment, and Intellect with personal growth). CONCLUSIONS An aspect-level analysis provides an optimal (i.e., parsimonious yet sufficiently comprehensive) framework for describing the relation between personality traits and multiple ways of thriving in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Sun
- The University of Melbourne.,University of California, Davis
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Atenstaedt RL. The state of ethical-legal oaths in UK medical practice today: Is it time to look at standardising? Med Leg J 2016; 84:200-202. [PMID: 27514400 DOI: 10.1177/0025817216663958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The taking of an ethical-legal oath is a "rite of passage" for many medical practitioners. A 1997 paper noted that half of medical schools in the UK administer an oath. I performed a survey of UK medical schools to see whether these are still used today. An electronic survey was sent to 31 UK medical schools, asking them whether the Hippocratic Oath (in any version) was taken by their medical students; non-respondents were followed up by telephone. Information was obtained from 21 UK medical schools, giving a response rate of 68% (21/31). A total of 18 (86%) institutions use an oath. Ethical-legal oaths are therefore taken in the vast majority of UK medical schools today. However, a great variety are used, and there are advantages in standardisation. My recommendation is that the Standard Medical Oath of the UK (SMOUK) is adopted by all medical schools, and that this is also taken regularly by doctors as part of revalidation.
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