1
|
Chick HM, Rees ME, Lewis ML, Williams LK, Bodger O, Harris LG, Rushton S, Wilkinson TS. Using the Traditional Ex Vivo Whole Blood Model to Discriminate Bacteria by Their Inducible Host Responses. Biomedicines 2024; 12:724. [PMID: 38672079 PMCID: PMC11047930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole blood models are rapid and versatile for determining immune responses to inflammatory and infectious stimuli, but they have not been used for bacterial discrimination. Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Escherichia coli are the most common causes of invasive disease, and rapid testing strategies utilising host responses remain elusive. Currently, immune responses can only discriminate between bacterial 'domains' (fungi, bacteria and viruses), and very few studies can use immune responses to discriminate bacteria at the species and strain level. Here, whole blood was used to investigate the relationship between host responses and bacterial strains. Results confirmed unique temporal profiles for the 10 parameters studied: IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-3α, IL-10, resistin, phagocytosis, S100A8, S100A8/A9, C5a and TF3. Pairwise analysis confirmed that IL-6, resistin, phagocytosis, C5a and S100A8/A9 could be used in a discrimination scheme to identify to the strain level. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) confirmed that (i) IL-6, MIP-3α and TF3 could predict genera with 95% accuracy; (ii) IL-6, phagocytosis, resistin and TF3 could predict species at 90% accuracy and (iii) phagocytosis, S100A8 and IL-10 predicted strain at 40% accuracy. These data are important because they confirm the proof of concept that host biomarker panels could be used to identify bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Chick
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Megan E. Rees
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Matthew L. Lewis
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Lisa K. Williams
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
- Department of Animal and Agriculture, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK
| | - Owen Bodger
- Patient and Population Health an Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK;
| | - Llinos G. Harris
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
| | - Steven Rushton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
| | - Thomas S. Wilkinson
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (H.M.C.); (M.E.R.); (M.L.L.); (L.K.W.); (L.G.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu F, Zhong Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, He M, Yang Y, Wang Q, Yang X, Ren X, Qian J, Zhang H, Tian M. A New Theranostic Platform Against Gram-Positive Bacteria Based on Near-Infrared-Emissive Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoparticles. Small 2024:e2308071. [PMID: 38342680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Infections induced by Gram-positive bacteria pose a great threat to public health. Antibiotic therapy, as the first chosen strategy against Gram-positive bacteria, is inevitably associated with antibiotic resistance selection. Novel therapeutic strategies for the discrimination and inactivation of Gram-positive bacteria are thus needed. Here, a specific type of aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) with near-infrared fluorescence emission as a novel antibiotic-free therapeutic strategy against Gram-positive bacteria is proposed. With the combination of a positively charged group into a highly twisted architecture, self-assembled AIEgens (AIE nanoparticles (NPs)) at a relatively low concentration (5 µm) exhibited specific binding and photothermal effect against living Gram-positive bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, toxicity assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility of AIE NPs at this concentration. All these properties make the AIE NPs as a novel generation of theranostic platform for combating Gram-positive bacteria and highlight their promising potential for in vivo tracing of such bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiuyun Ren
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng S, Wang Z, Chen C, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang J, Li H, Peng X, Yoon J. Construction of Rhodamine-Based AIE Photosensitizer Hydrogel with Clinical Potential for Selective Ablation of Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria In Vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200837. [PMID: 35750469 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of powerful antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused by the abuse of antibiotics has become a public health problem. Photodynamic antibacterial therapy is regarded as an innovative and promising antibacterial approach due to its minor side effects and lack of drug resistance. Nevertheless, few photosensitizers (PSs) are reported to have near-infrared (NIR) emission, the ability to rapidly discriminate bacteria, and high photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. In this study, it is reported for the first time that a water-soluble NIR fluorescence emission rhodamine-based photosensitizer with aggregation-inducing emission (AIE) effects, referred to as CS-2I, can efficiently identify and kill Gram-positive bacteria. In a fluorescence imaging experiment with blended bacteria, CS-2I can selectively target Gram-positive bacteria and specifically label Gram-positive bacteria with high efficiency after only 5 min of incubation. Furthermore, CS-2I achieves complete inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at an extremely low concentration (0.5 µm) and light dosage (6 J cm-2 ). Remarkably, CS-2I is mixed with Carbomer 940 to prepare an antibacterial hydrogel dressing (CS-2I@gel), and in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that CS-2I@gel provides extraordinary performance in photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Hence, this study provides a new strategy and blueprint for the future design of antibacterial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zeng
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zuokai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China.,Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang B, Wu H, Hu R, Liu X, Liu Z, Wang Z, Qin A, Tang BZ. Cationic Tricyclic AIEgens for Concomitant Bacterial Discrimination and Inhibition. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100136. [PMID: 34019741 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New ionic compounds with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature has been widely studied. These AIE-based luminogens (AIEgens) not only effectively resolve aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) problems that are encountered for most of conventional fluorescent dyes, but also exhibit promising applications in biological imaging, potentially for a wide variety of diseases. However, such an AIE system needs to be further developed. In this work, a series of novel cationic AIEgens that are comprised of tricyclic 2-aminopyridinium derivatives with seven-membered rings are designed and synthesized via a simple, multicomponent reaction. Notably, these AIEgens exhibit the ability to specifically stain gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, a specific AIEgen, BMTAP-7, possesses highly efficient bacteriostatic ability for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in both liquid medium and solid agar plates, which have a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 4 and 8 µg mL-1 . Using live-cell imaging and a wash-free process, it is observed that hydrophilic AIEgens are localized to mitochondria, whereas lipophilic AIEgens display specific staining of lysosomes. These AIEgens with bacteriostatic activity hold great promise for distinguishing between bacterial types and inhibiting bacterial infections in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haozhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates SCUT‐HKUST Joint Research Institute Center for Aggregation‐Induced Emission South China University of Technology (SCUT) Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rashidi G, Ostrowski EA. Phagocyte chase behaviours: discrimination between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria by amoebae. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20180607. [PMID: 30958215 PMCID: PMC6371911 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes are cells that pursue, engulf and kill bacteria. They include macrophages and neutrophils of the mammalian immune system, as well as free-living amoebae that hunt and engulf bacteria for food. Phagocytosis can result in diverse outcomes, ranging from sustenance to infection and colonization by either pathogens or beneficial symbionts-and thus, discrimination may be necessary to seek out good bacteria while avoiding bad ones. Here we tested whether the soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum can discriminate among different types of bacteria using behavioural assays where amoebae were presented with paired choices of different bacteria. We observed variation in the extent to which the amoebae pursued different types of bacteria, as well as preferential migration towards Gram-negative compared with Gram-positive bacteria. Response profiles were similar for amoebae that originated from different geographical locations, suggesting that chase preference is conserved across much of the species range. While prior work has demonstrated that bacteria use chemotaxis to seek out amoebae they colonize, our work suggests that the opposite also occurs-amoebae can preferentially direct themselves to particular bacteria in the environment. Preferential sensing and response may help to explain why some amoeba-bacteria associations are more common in nature than others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Rashidi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ostrowski
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim SY, Park Y, Kim H, Kim J, Koo SH, Kwon GC. Rapid Screening of Urinary Tract Infection and Discrimination of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Automated Flow Cytometric Analysis Using Sysmex UF-5000. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e02004-17. [PMID: 29769277 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02004-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid screening of urinary tract infection is important to determine antibiotic treatment and reduce unnecessary urine culture. We evaluated the performance of the new flow cytometry-based UF-5000 automated urine analyzer (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). A total of 1,430 urine samples from 1,226 patients were analyzed and compared to urine cultures to which a Previ Isola (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) system was applied. In total, 878 of 1,430 urine cultures (61.4%) produced ≥103 CFU/ml bacterial growth (309 with Gram-negative [GN] bacteria, 517 with Gram-positive [GP] bacteria, and 52 mixed cultures), with 336 samples (23.5%) presenting ≥105 CFU/ml bacterial growth. The ≥105 CFU/ml bacterial growth was detected by a ≥71 bacteria/μl UF-5000 bacterial count with 95% sensitivity and 84% specificity. Using a cutoff of <15 bacteria/μl to determine whether or not to culture, 50.9% of samples were below the cutoff, 94.8 and 99.5% of which presented <104 and <105 CFU/ml of bacterial growth, respectively. The bacterial discrimination performance of the UF-5000 for GN bacteria was superior to that for GP bacteria, and in ≥105 CFU/ml monobacterial samples, the sensitivity and specificity for reporting GN bacteria were 91.7 and 90.0%, respectively. In summary, UF-5000 demonstrated potential utility for the rapid screening of negative bacterial cultures. However, this utility is dependent on the patient population; cutoff optimizations must be performed for specific populations. In addition, UF-5000 presented improved performance in characterizing GP and GN bacteria, although the concurrence rates were not high enough to replace routine cultures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu GJ, Tian SN, Li CY, Xing GW, Zhou L. Aggregation-Induced-Emission Materials with Different Electric Charges as an Artificial Tongue: Design, Construction, and Assembly with Various Pathogenic Bacteria for Effective Bacterial Imaging and Discrimination. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:28331-28338. [PMID: 28809473 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Imaging-based total bacterial count and type identification of bacteria play crucial roles in clinical diagnostics, public health, biological and medical science, and environmental protection. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of tetraphenylethenes (TPEs) functionalized with one or two aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and quaternary ammonium groups, which were successfully used as fluorescent materials for rapid and efficient staining of eight kinds of representative bacterial species, including pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes and potential bioterrorism agent Yersinia pestis. By comparing the fluorescence intensity changes of the aggregation-induced-emission (AIE) materials before and after bacteria incubation, the sensing mechanisms (electrostatic versus hydrophobic interactions) were simply discussed. Moreover, the designed AIE materials were successfully used as an efficient artificial tongue for bacteria discrimination, and all of the bacteria tested were identified via linear discriminant analysis. Our current work provided a general method for simultaneous broad-spectrum bacterial imaging and species discrimination, which is helpful for bacteria surveillance in many fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cui-Yun Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guo-Wen Xing
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology , Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|