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Duta L, Dorcioman G, Grumezescu V. A Review on Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Materials Derived from Fish Discards. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2856. [PMID: 34835621 PMCID: PMC8620776 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the results reported on the production of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) materials derived from fish wastes (i.e., heads, bones, skins, and viscera), known as fish discards, and offers an in-depth discussion on their promising potential for various applications in many fields, especially the biomedical one. Thus, considerable scientific and technological efforts were recently focused on the capability of these sustainable materials to be transformed into economically attractive and highly valuable by-products. As a consequence of using these wastes, plenty of beneficial social effects, with both economic and environmental impact, will arise. In the biomedical field, there is a strong and continuous interest for the development of innovative solutions for healthcare improvement using alternative materials of biogenic origin. Thus, the orthopedic field has witnessed a significant development due to an increased demand for a large variety of implants, grafts, and/or scaffolds. This is mainly due to the increase of life expectancy and higher frequency of bone-associated injuries and diseases. As a consequence, the domain of bone-tissue engineering has expanded to be able to address a plethora of bone-related traumas and to deliver a viable and efficient substitute to allografts or autografts by combining bioactive materials and cells for bone-tissue ingrowth. Among biomaterials, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bio-ceramics are widely used in medicine, in particular in orthopedics and dentistry, due to their excellent bioactive, osteoconductive, and osteointegrative characteristics. Recently, BCP materials (synthetic or natural), a class of CaP, which consist of a mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), in different concentrations, gained increased attention due to their superior overall performances as compared to single-phase formulations. Moreover, the exploitation of BCP materials from by-products of fish industry was reported to be a safe, cheap, and simple procedure. In the dedicated literature, there are many reviews on synthetic HA, β-TCP, or BCP materials, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first collection of results on the effects of processing conditions on the morphological, compositional, structural, mechanical, and biological properties of the fish discard-derived BCPs along with the tailoring of their features for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Grumezescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (L.D.); (G.D.)
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Morejón L, Delgado JA, Antunes Ribeiro A, Varella de Oliveira M, Mendizábal E, García I, Alfonso A, Poh P, van Griensven M, Balmayor ER. Development, Characterization and In Vitro Biological Properties of Scaffolds Fabricated From Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1790. [PMID: 30978933 PMCID: PMC6480082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramic materials mimic the mineral composition of native bone and feature osteoconductive properties; they are therefore used to regenerate bone tissue. Much research focuses on increasing the porosity and pore interconnectivity of ceramic scaffolds to increase osteoconductivity, cell migration and cell-cell interaction. We aimed to fabricate biocompatible 3D-scaffolds featuring macro- and microporous calcium phosphates with high pore interconnection. Nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation. Scaffolds were produced from them by the replication polymeric foam technique. Solid content and sintering temperature were varied. Nanoparticles and scaffolds were characterized regarding morphology, chemical and mineral composition, porosity and mechanical properties. Biocompatibility, cell attachment and distribution were evaluated in vitro with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Scaffolds with total porosity of 71%-87%, pores in the range of 280-550 µm and connectivity density up to 43 mm-3 were obtained. Smaller pore sizes were obtained at higher sintering temperature. High solid content resulted in a decrease of total porosity but increased interconnectivity. Scaffolds 50HA/50β-TCP featured superior interconnectivity and mechanical properties. They were bioactive and biocompatible. High HA solid content (40 wt.%) in the HA pure scaffolds was negative for cell viability and proliferation, while in the 50HA/50β-TCP composite scaffolds it resulted more biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Morejón
- Center of Biomaterials, University of Havana, Havan 10400, Cuba.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim García
- Center of Biomaterials, University of Havana, Havan 10400, Cuba.
| | - Adrián Alfonso
- Center of Biomaterials, University of Havana, Havan 10400, Cuba.
| | - Patrina Poh
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Dept. Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Dept. Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Dept. Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Xidaki D, Agrafioti P, Diomatari D, Kaminari A, Tsalavoutas-Psarras E, Alexiou P, Psycharis V, Tsilibary EC, Silvestros S, Sagnou M. Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite, β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Particles to Act as Local Delivery Carriers of Curcumin: Loading, Release and In Vitro Studies. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11040595. [PMID: 29649121 PMCID: PMC5951479 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The successful synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA), β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and two biphasic mixtures (BCPs) of the two was performed by means of wet precipitation. The resulting crystals were characterized and the BCP composition was analyzed and identified as 13% HA-87% TCP and 41% HA-59% TCP. All samples were treated with curcumin solutions, and the degree of curcumin loading and release was found to be proportional to the TCP content of the ceramic. No further cytotoxicity was observed upon MG-63 treatment with the curcumin-loaded ceramics. Finally, the alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells was found to increase with increasing content of TCP, which provides an encouraging proof of concept for the use of curcumin-loaded synthetic biomaterials in bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Xidaki
- STEP@biomaterials PC, Department of Research & Development, TEPA "Lefkippos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiota Agrafioti
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 115 27 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Diomatari
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 115 27 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Biosciences & Application, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eleftherios Tsalavoutas-Psarras
- STEP@biomaterials PC, Department of Research & Development, TEPA "Lefkippos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Polyxeni Alexiou
- Institute of Biosciences & Application, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Vasilios Psycharis
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Effie C Tsilibary
- STEP@biomaterials PC, Department of Research & Development, TEPA "Lefkippos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
- Institute of Biosciences & Application, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Silvestros
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, 115 27 Goudi, Athens, Greece.
| | - Marina Sagnou
- STEP@biomaterials PC, Department of Research & Development, TEPA "Lefkippos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
- Institute of Biosciences & Application, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos 27, 153 41 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece.
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Gupta V, Lyne DV, Barragan M, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Microsphere-based scaffolds encapsulating tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:121. [PMID: 27272903 PMCID: PMC5299100 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramic mixtures of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are widely used for bone regeneration because of their excellent cytocompatibility, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. Therefore, we hypothesized that incorporation of a mixture of TCP and HAp in microsphere-based scaffolds would enhance osteogenesis of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rBMSCs) compared to a positive control of scaffolds with encapsulated bone-morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere-based scaffolds encapsulating TCP and HAp mixtures in two different ratios (7:3 and 1:1) were fabricated with the same net ceramic content (30 wt%) to evaluate how incorporation of these ceramic mixtures would affect the osteogenesis in rBMSCs. Encapsulation of TCP/HAp mixtures impacted microsphere morphologies and the compressive moduli of the scaffolds. Additionally, TCP/HAp mixtures enhanced the end-point secretion of extracellular matrix components relevant to bone tissue compared to the "blank" (PLGA-only) microsphere-based scaffolds as evidenced by the biochemical, gene expression, histology, and immunohistochemical characterization. Moreover, the TCP/HAp mixture groups even surpassed the BMP-2 positive control group in some instances in terms of matrix synthesis and gene expression. Lastly, gene expression data suggested that the rBMSCs responded differently to different TCP/HAp ratios presented to them. Altogether, it can be concluded that TCP/HAp mixtures stimulated the differentiation of rBMSCs toward an osteoblastic phenotype, and therefore may be beneficial in gradient microsphere-based scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Gupta
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Dina V Lyne
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 4149 Learned Hall 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7618, USA
| | - Marilyn Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 4149 Learned Hall 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7618, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 4149 Learned Hall 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7618, USA.
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An S, Gao Y, Ling J. Characterization of human periodontal ligament cells cultured on three-dimensional biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds in the presence and absence of L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1387-1393. [PMID: 26622495 PMCID: PMC4578067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in the presence and absence of osteogenic inducer (L-ascorbic acid, dexamethasone and β-glycerophosphate). The cell growth within the scaffolds in the absence of osteogenic inducers was studied by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteoblastic differentiation markers of hPDLCs in BCP scaffolds were examined in the presence and absence of osteogenic inducers. The cell number of hPDLCs in the BCP scaffolds was less than that of hPDLCs cultured in microplates (control). SEM images showed that cells successfully adhered to the BCP scaffolds and spread amongst the pores; they also produced abundant extracellular cell matrix. In the presence and absence of osteogenic inducers, the ALP activity of hPDLCs within BCP scaffolds was suppressed in varying degrees at all time-points. In the absence of osteogenic inducers, hPDLCs in BCP scaffolds express significant higher levels of osteopontin (OPN) mRNA than the control, and there were no significant differences for Runx2 and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA levels compared with those cultured in microplates. In the presence of osteogenic inducers, Runx2 expression levels were significantly higher than those in control. OPN and OCN mRNA levels were downregulated slightly. Three-dimensional porous BCP scaffolds are able to stimulate the osteoblastic differentiation of hPDLCs in the presence and absence of osteogenic inducer and may be capable of supporting hPDLC-mediated bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng An
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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