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Mahasongkram K, Glab-ampai K, Kaewchim K, Saenlom T, Chulanetra M, Sookrung N, Nathalang O, Chaicumpa W. Agonistic Bivalent Human scFvs-Fcγ Fusion Antibodies to OX40 Ectodomain Enhance T Cell Activities against Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1826. [PMID: 38140230 PMCID: PMC10747724 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Understanding how advanced cancers evade host innate and adaptive immune opponents has led to cancer immunotherapy. Among several immunotherapeutic strategies, the reversal of immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) using blockers of immune-checkpoint signaling in effector T cells is the most successful treatment measure. Furthermore, agonists of T cell costimulatory molecules (CD40, 4-1BB, OX40) play an additional anti-cancer role to that of checkpoint blocking in combined therapy and serve also as adjuvant/neoadjuvant/induction therapy to conventional cancer treatments, such as tumor resection and radio- and chemo- therapies. (2) Methods and Results: In this study, novel agonistic antibodies to the OX40/CD134 ectodomain (EcOX40), i.e., fully human bivalent single-chain variable fragments (HuscFvs) linked to IgG Fc (bivalent HuscFv-Fcγ fusion antibodies) were generated by using phage-display technology and genetic engineering. The HuscFvs in the fusion antibodies bound to the cysteine-rich domain-2 of the EcOX40, which is known to be involved in OX40-OX40L signaling for NF-κB activation in T cells. The fusion antibodies caused proliferation, and increased the survival and cytokine production of CD3-CD28-activated human T cells. They showed enhancement trends for other effector T cell activities like granzyme B production and lysis of ovarian cancer cells when added to the activated T cells. (3) Conclusions: The novel OX40 agonistic fusion antibodies should be further tested step-by-step toward their safe use as an adjunctive non-immunogenic cancer immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Kantaphon Glab-ampai
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Kanasap Kaewchim
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Thanatsaran Saenlom
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Monrat Chulanetra
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; (K.M.); (K.G.-a.); (K.K.); (T.S.); (M.C.); (N.S.)
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