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Zhu F, Liu W, Li P, Zhao H, Deng X, Wang HL. Electric/Magnetic Intervention for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2023. [PMID: 36170583 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electric/magnetic material or field is a promising strategy for bone regeneration. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to analyze the evidence regarding the efficacy of electric and magnetic intervention for bone regeneration and provide directions for further research. A comprehensive search was performed to identify the rats/rabbits/mice research that involved the electric/magnetic treatment with quantitative radiographic assessment of bone formation. Network meta-analyses were also conducted to assess different interventions and outcomes for osteogenesis. In total, there were 51 articles included in the systematic review and 19 articles in the network meta-analyses. The majority used microcomputerized tomography bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) to evaluate outcomes in rats. Results showed that placing electric/magnetic materials in situ had more prominent effects than the electric/magnetic field on bone regeneration. For all species, electrical materials with zeta potential of -53 mV proved to be the most effective in increasing BV (mean difference [MD]: 4.20 mm3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.72-6.68]) and bone mineral density (MD: 312 mg/cm3, 95% CI: [172.43-451.57]). Magnetic materials with external magnetic fields topped in BV/TV (MD: 43%, 95% CI: [36.04-49.96]). It also led in trabecular number (MD: 2.00 mm-1, 95% CI: [1.45-2.55]), trabecular thickness (MD: 61.00 μm, 95% CI: [44.31- 77.69]), and trabecular separation (MD: -0.40 mm, 95% CI: [-0.56 to -0.24]) on the condition of lacking electric materials. Biomaterials implantation is the most effective method for stimulating osteogenesis in rats, especially in electrical materials with negative charge. The combination of diverse interventions shows promising effects but needs further research, so does the underlying mechanism. Impact Statement Bone defect, especially for the large defect from aging, trauma, or pathology, which cannot be completely healed, remains a clinical challenge. Mimicking physical microenvironment has emerged as a new strategy for tissue regeneration. Electric and magnetic material and field used as the physical stimulation for bone regeneration have attracted interest due to their potential and facile application in clinic. This article reviewed related animal studies and carried out a network meta-analysis to thoroughly understand how electric and magnetic interventions impacted on tissues and created an osteogenic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Chavez M, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Zachariadou C, Farah F, Mohamed F, Chu E, Foster B. Bone Sialoprotein Is Critical for Alveolar Bone Healing in Mice. J Dent Res 2023; 102:187-196. [PMID: 36377066 PMCID: PMC9893390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein associated with mineralized tissues, particularly bone and cementum. BSP includes functional domains implicated in collagen binding, hydroxyapatite nucleation, and cell signaling, although its function(s) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function remain incompletely understood. Genetic ablation of BSP in Ibsp knockout (Ibsp-/-) mice results in developmental bone mineralization and remodeling defects, with alveolar bone more severely affected than the femurs and tibias of the postcranial skeleton. The role of BSP in alveolar bone healing has not been studied. We hypothesized that BSP ablation would cause defective alveolar bone healing. We employed a maxillary first molar extraction socket healing model in 42-d postnatalIbsp-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. Tissues were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 56 d postprocedure (dpp) for analysis by micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array. As expected, alveolar bone healing progressed in WT mice with increasing bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and tissue mineral density (TMD), transitioning from woven to mature bone from 7 to 56 dpp. Ibsp messenger RNA (mRNA) and BSP protein were strongly expressed during alveolar bone healing in parallel with other osteogenic markers. Compared to WT, Ibsp-/- mice exhibited 50% to 70% reduced BV/TV and BMD at all time points, 7% reduced TMD at 21 dpp, abnormally increased Col1a1 and Alpl mRNA expression, and persistent presence of woven bone and increased bone marrow in healing sockets. qPCR revealed substantially dysregulated gene expression in alveolar bone of Ibsp-/- versus WT mice, with significantly disrupted expression of 45% of tested genes in functional groups, including markers for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mineralization, ECM, cell signaling, and inflammation. We conclude that BSP is a critical and nonredundant factor for alveolar bone healing, and its absence disrupts multiple major pathways involved in appropriate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M. H. Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T. N. Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F. Farah
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F.F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Seang S, Chenboonthai N, Nisaeh N, Teantongdee A, Jamsai S, Changgnam C, Yoongkiew K, Yodsanga S, Kamolratanakul P, Thaweesapphithak S, Pornthaveetus T, Everts V, Osathanont T, Limjeerajarus CN. The prostacyclin analogue iloprost promotes cementum formation and collagen reattachment of replanted molars and upregulates mineralization by human periodontal ligament cells. J Endod 2022; 48:1046-1054. [PMID: 35568156 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the use of the prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, as a root surface treatment agent in promoting acellular cementum(AC) formation and collagen reattachment following tooth replantation in vivo. In addition, its effect on human periodontal ligament cell(hPDLC) mineralization was assessed in vitro. METHODS First molars of 8-weeks-old Wistar rats were extracted. In one group, the root surfaces were treated with Hank's Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS) and the other group's root surfaces were treated with 10-6 M iloprost before re-plantation. At day 30, maxillae were prepared for microCT and histomorphometric analysis. The effect of iloprost on mineralization by hPDLCs were analyzed by mineralized nodule formation and qPCR at 7 and 14 days. RESULTS MicroCT demonstrated a significant higher bone-volume in the iloprost-groups, whereas the HBSS-groups had extensive bone and root resorption. Histologic analysis revealed deposition of a thick AC layer along the root in iloprost-group with well-organized PDL fibers inserted into the cementum. The HBSS-group demonstrated more osteoclasts than the iloprost-group. In vitro, iloprost-treated hPDLCs had a significantly increased RUNX2, OSX, BSP, and ALP gene expression that coincided with an increased deposition of mineralized nodules. These effects were abrogated by a PGI2-receptor inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that iloprost promoted PDL regeneration in replanted molars. Furthermore, resorption of the roots was decreased, whereas AC deposition was stimulated. Iloprost-treatment increased hPDLC mineralization and was mediated by PGI2-receptor activation. These observations indicate that iloprost may be a promising root surface treatment agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonntana Seang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Natnicha Nisaeh
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Araya Teantongdee
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Saharat Jamsai
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanunchida Changgnam
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanika Yoongkiew
- Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somchai Yodsanga
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Paksinee Kamolratanakul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Pornthaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije, Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thanaphum Osathanont
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn, University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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4
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Wisitrasameewong W, Champaiboon C, Surisaeng T, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Freire M, Pardi N, Pichyangkul S, Mahanonda R. The Impact of mRNA Technology in Regenerative Therapy: Lessons for Oral Tissue Regeneration. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1015-1024. [PMID: 35319289 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221084205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tissue regeneration following chronic diseases and injuries is limited by the natural endogenous wound-healing process. Current regenerative approaches implement exogenous systems, including stem cells, scaffolds, growth factors, and plasmid DNA/viral vectors, that induce variable clinical outcomes. An innovative approach that is safe, effective, and inexpensive is needed. The lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA) platform has proven to be a successful vaccine modality against coronavirus disease 2019, demonstrating safety and high efficacy in humans. The same fundamental technology platform could be applied to facilitate the development of mRNA-based regenerative therapy. While the platform has not yet been studied in the field of oral tissue regeneration, mRNA therapeutics encoding growth factors have been evaluated and demonstrated promising findings in various models of soft and hard tissue regeneration such as myocardial infarction, diabetic wound healing, and calvarial and femoral bone defects. Because restoration of both soft and hard tissues is crucial to oral tissue physiology, this new therapeutic modality may help to overcome challenges associated with the reconstruction of the unique and complex architecture of oral tissues. This review discusses mRNA therapeutics with an emphasis on findings and lessons in different regenerative animal models, and it speculates how we can apply mRNA-based platforms for oral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wisitrasameewong
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Champaiboon
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Surisaeng
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - N Sa-Ard-Iam
- Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Freire
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Pichyangkul
- Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Mahanonda
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Li M, Xing X, Huang H, Liang C, Gao X, Tang Q, Xu X, Yang J, Liao L, Tian W. BMSC-Derived ApoEVs Promote Craniofacial Bone Repair via ROS/JNK Signaling. J Dent Res 2022; 101:714-723. [PMID: 35114838 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211068338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect caused by trauma, neoplasia, congenital defects, or periodontal disease is a major cause of disability and physical limitation. The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promotes bone repair and regeneration. However, it has been shown that most BMSCs die within a short period after transplantation. During apoptosis, BMSCs generate a large number of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). This study aims to understand the potential role of ApoEVs in craniofacial bone defect repair and regeneration. First, we confirmed that BMSCs undergo apoptosis within 2 d after transplantation into the defect of the cranium. Abundant ApoEVs were generated from apoptotic BMSCs. Uptake of ApoEVs efficiently promoted the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of recipient BMSCs in vitro. ApoEVs from cells in the middle stage of apoptosis were the most efficient to enhance the regenerative capacity of BMSCs. Moreover, a critical size bone defect model in rats was used to evaluate the osteogenic property of ApoEVs in vivo. Local transplantation of ApoEVs promoted bone regeneration in the calvarial defect. Mechanistically, ApoEVs promoted new bone formation by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species to activate JNK signaling. This study reveals a previously unknown role of the dying transplanted BMSCs in promoting the viability of endogenous BMSCs and repairing the calvarial defects. Since it could avoid several adverse effects and limits of BMSC cytotherapy, treatment of ApoEVs might be a promising strategy in craniofacial bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - H Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - C Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - J Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - L Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - W Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education & National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Lee KE, Mo S, Lee HS, Jeon M, Song JS, Choi HJ, Cho H, Kang CM. Deferoxamine Reduces Inflammation and Osteoclastogenesis in Avulsed Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8225. [PMID: 34360988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement and inflammatory resorption are serious complications associated with the delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. In this study, we aimed to assess whether deferoxamine (DFO) can suppress inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro and attenuate inflammation and bone resorption in a replanted rat tooth model. Cell viability and inflammation were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells. Osteoclastogenesis was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in teeth exposed to different concentrations of DFO. In vivo, molars of 31 six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were extracted and stored in saline (n = 10) or DFO solution (n = 21) before replantation. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and histological analysis were performed to evaluate inflammation and root and alveolar bone resorption. DFO downregulated the genes related to inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. DFO also reduced ROS production and regulated specific pathways. Furthermore, the results of the micro-CT and histological analyses provided evidence of the decrease in inflammation and hard tissue resorption in the DFO group. Overall, these results suggest that DFO reduces inflammation and osteoclastogenesis in a tooth replantation model, and thus, it has to be further investigated as a root surface treatment option for an avulsed tooth.
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Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) depends on periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) sensing biomechanical stimuli and subsequently releasing signals to initiate alveolar bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which PDLCs sense biomechanical stimuli and affect osteoclastic activities are still unclear. This study demonstrates that the core circadian protein aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (BMAL1) in PDLCs is highly involved in sensing and delivering biomechanical signals. Orthodontic force upregulates BMAL1 expression in periodontal tissues and cultured PDLCs in manners dependent on ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and AP1 (activator protein 1). Increased BMAL1 expression can enhance secretion of CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine 2) and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand) in PDLCs, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate into osteoclasts. The mechanistic delineation clarifies that AP1 induced by orthodontic force can directly interact with the BMAL1 promoter and activate gene transcription in PDLCs. Localized administration of the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 or the BMAL1 inhibitor GSK4112 suppressed ERK/AP1/BMAL1 signaling. These treatments dramatically reduced osteoclastic activity in the compression side of a rat orthodontic model, and the OTM rate was almost nonexistent. In summary, our results suggest that force-induced expression of BMAL1 in PDLCs is closely involved in controlling osteoclastic activities during OTM and plays a vital role in alveolar bone remodeling. It could be a useful therapeutic target for accelerating the OTM rate and controlling pathologic bone-remodeling activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - S Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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8
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Coyac BR, Wu M, Bahat DJ, Wolf BJ, Helms JA. Biology of sinus floor augmentation with an autograft versus a bone graft substitute in a preclinical in vivo experimental model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:916-927. [PMID: 34031931 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to autografts, bone graft substitutes are slower to consolidate. If we understood why, this might open strategies to accelerate new bone formation and thus shorten the time to implant placement. In this study, we aimed at comparing autologous bone graft with a bovine bone graft substitute in a preclinical sinus lift model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mouse posterior paranasal sinus served as a recipient site for grafting. Autograft from the oral cavity was compared against bone graft substitute using molecular, cellular, and histological analyses conducted on post-grafting days (PSD) 0, 9, 18, and 120. RESULTS Either autografts or bone graft substitutes were positioned on the sinus floor and remained in situ throughout the study. At the time of grafting and until day 9, bone graft substitutes were devoid of cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity while autografts were comprised of viable cells and showed strong ALP (mineralization) activity. Consequently, new bone formed faster in autografts compared to bone graft substitutes (140.21 ± 41.21 µm vs. 41.70 ± 10.09 µm, respectively, PSD9, p = .0143). By PSD18, osteogenesis was evident in autografted and xenografted sites. Osteoclasts identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase attached to, but did not resorb the bone graft substitute matrix. Autograft matrix, however, underwent extensive resorption. Transgenic mice revealed that Wnt-responsive osteoprogenitor cells originated primarily from the internal periosteum of the maxillary bone, and not from the Schneiderian membrane. CONCLUSION Autografts produce new bone sooner, but bovine bone graft substitutes eventually consolidate and then resist resorption. Enhancing osteoprogenitor cell recruitment to a bone graft substitute constitutes a viable strategy for accelerating bone formation in a sinus lift procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Coyac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Meagan Wu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Bahat
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wolf
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is generated by a mechanical force that induces an aseptic inflammatory response in the periodontal tissues and a subsequent coordinated process of bone resorption and apposition. In this review, we critically summarize the current knowledge on the immune processes involved in OTM inflammation and provide a novel insight into the relationship between classical inflammation and clinical OTM phases. We found that most studies focused on the acute inflammatory process, which ignites the initial alveolar bone resorption. However, the exact mechanisms and the immune reactions involved in the following OTM phases remain obscure. Recent studies highlight the existence of a typical innate response of resident and extravasated immune cells, including granulocytes and natural killer (NK), dendritic, and γδT cells. Based on few available studies, we shed light on an active, albeit incomplete, process of resolution in the lag phase, supported by continuously elevated ratios of M1/M2 macrophage and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio. This partial resolution enables tissue formation and creates the appropriate environment for a transition between the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, essential for the tissue's return to homeostasis. Nevertheless, as the mechanical trigger persists, the resolution turns into a low-grade chronic inflammation, which underlies the next, acceleration/linear OTM phase. In this stage, the acute inflammation dampens, and a simultaneous process of bone resorption and formation occurs, driven by B and T cells of the adaptive immune arm. Excessive orthodontic forces or tooth movement in periodontally affected inflamed tissues may hamper resolution, leading to "maladaptive homeostasis" and tissue loss due to uncoupled bone resorption and formation. The review ends with a brief description of the translational studies on OTM immunomodulation. Future studies are necessary for further uncovering cellular and molecular immune targets and developing novel strategies for controlling OTM by local and sustained tuning of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Klein
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Mandelboim
- Lautenberg Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Hadaya D, Soundia A, Gkouveris I, Bezouglaia O, Dry SM, Pirih FQ, Aghaloo TL, Tetradis S. Antiresorptive-Type and Discontinuation-Timing Affect ONJ Burden. J Dent Res 2021; 100:746-753. [PMID: 33478337 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520986804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ), a severe side effect of antiresorptive medications, is characterized by exposed, nonhealing bone in the oral cavity. Treatment options for ONJ range from management of symptomology to surgical resection of the affected area. Antiresorptive discontinuation, often termed a "drug holiday," has been used for managing ONJ patients. Antiresorptives can be discontinued prior to oral surgical procedures, such as tooth extraction, to prevent ONJ development or in patients with established ONJ to accelerate healing. Here, our objective was to test these clinical scenarios using the potent bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZA), and the denosumab surrogate for rodents, OPG-Fc, in a rat model of ONJ. Animals were pretreated with antiresorptives or saline, after which we induced ONJ using periapical disease and tooth extraction. In our first experimental design, antiresorptives were discontinued 1 wk prior to tooth extraction, and animals were evaluated 4 wk later for clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of ONJ. In the second experiment, ONJ was established and antiresorptives were discontinued for 4 wk. Discontinuation of OPG-Fc, but not ZA, prior to tooth extraction ameliorated subsequent ONJ development. In contrast, discontinuation of either ZA or OPG-Fc in rats with established ONJ did not lead to ONJ resolution. In conclusion, our findings suggest that antiresorptive discontinuation is dependent on both the type of antiresorptive and the timing of discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hadaya
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Soundia
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Gkouveris
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Bezouglaia
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S M Dry
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Q Pirih
- Division of Constitutive and Regenerative Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T L Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Tetradis
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Abstract
Patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) caused by mutations in RUNX2 have severe dental anomalies, including delayed or absent eruption of permanent teeth. This requires painful and expensive surgical/orthodontic intervention because of the absence of medicine for this condition. Here, we demonstrate that nicotinamide, a vitamin B3 and class III histone deacetylase inhibitor, significantly improves delayed tooth eruption in Runx2+/- mice, a well-known CCD animal model, through the restoration of decreased osteoclastogenesis. We also found that Csf1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in Runx2+/- osteoblasts as compared with wild type whereas RANKL and OPG levels had no significant difference between wild type and Runx2+/- osteoblasts. The nicotinamide-induced restoration of osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow-derived macrophages in Runx2+/- mice was due to the increased expression of RUNX2 and CSF1 and increased RANKL/OPG ratio. RUNX2 directly regulated Csf1 mRNA expression via binding to the promoter region of the Csf1 gene. In addition, nicotinamide enhanced the RUNX2 protein level and transacting activity posttranslationally with Sirt2 inhibition. Taken together, our study shows the potential and underlying molecular mechanism of nicotinamide for the treatment of delayed tooth eruption by using the Runx2+/- murine model, suggesting nicotinamide as a candidate therapeutic drug for dental abnormalities in patients with CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Shin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Cho
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Wang B, Guo Y, Gong P, Xiang L. Deficiency of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Affects Macrophage Polarization in Osseointegration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:733. [PMID: 32848807 PMCID: PMC7412000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been described as a critical cell population regulating bone regeneration and osseointegration, and their polarization phenotype is of particular importance. Several studies have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP) might modulate macrophage polarization in inflammatory response and bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CGRP on macrophage polarization in titanium osseointegration. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 or CGRP–/– mice were obtained and activated for M1 and M2 polarization. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the M1/M2 polarization and inflammatory function. In vivo, mice were divided into 3 groups: wild-type, CGRP–/–, and CGRP–/– mice with CGRP lentivirus. After extraction of the maxillary first molar, 0.6 mm × 1.25 mm titanium implants were emplaced. Bone formation and inflammation levels around implants were then observed and analyzed. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that CGRP deficiency promoted M1 polarization and inhibited M2 polarization in BMDMs, which was consistent with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in real-time PCR. In vivo, compared with the CGRP–/– group, the CGRP gene transfection group displayed better osseointegration and lower inflammation levels, close to those of the wild-type group. These results revealed that CGRP might play roles in macrophage polarization. In addition, CGRP deficiency could inhibit osseointegration in murine maxillae, while CGRP recovery by lentivirus transfection could improve osseointegration and regulate macrophage phenotype expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Cui C, Bi R, Liu W, Guan S, Li P, Song D, Xu R, Zheng L, Yuan Q, Zhou X, Fan Y. Role of PTH1R Signaling in Prx1 + Mesenchymal Progenitors during Eruption. J Dent Res 2020; 99:1296-1305. [PMID: 32585127 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520934732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth eruption is a complex process requiring precise interaction between teeth and adjacent tissues. Molecular analysis demonstrates that bone remodeling plays an essential role during eruption, suggesting that a parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) gene mutation is associated with disturbances in bone remodeling and results in primary failure of eruption (PFE). Recent research reveals the function of PTH1R signaling in mesenchymal progenitors, whereas the function of PTH1R in mesenchymal stem cells during tooth eruption remains incompletely understood. We investigated the specific role of PTH1R in Prx1+ progenitor expression during eruption. We found that Prx1+-progenitors occur in mesenchymal stem cells residing in alveolar bone marrow surrounding incisors, at the base of molars and in the dental follicle and pulp of incisors. Mice with conditional deletion of PTH1R using the Prx1 promoter exhibited arrested mandibular incisor eruption and delayed molar eruption. Micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, and molecular analyses revealed that mutant mice had significantly reduced alveolar bone formation concomitant with downregulated gene expression of key regulators of osteogenesis in PTH1R-deficient cells. Moreover, culturing orofacial bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) from Prx1Cre;PTH1Rfl/fl mice or from transfecting Cre recombinase adenovirus in OMSCs from PTH1Rfl/fl mice suggested that lack of Pth1r expression inhibited osteogenic differentiation in vitro. However, bone resorption was not affected by PTH1R ablation, indicating the observed reduced alveolar bone volume was mainly due to impaired bone formation. Furthermore, we found irregular periodontal ligaments and reduced Periostin expression in mutant incisors, implying loss of PTH1R results in aberrant differentiation of periodontal ligament cells. Collectively, these data suggest that PTH1R signaling in Prx1+ progenitors plays a critical role in alveolar bone formation and periodontal ligament development during eruption. These findings have implications for our understanding of the physiologic and pathologic function of PTH1R signaling in tooth eruption and the progression of PFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - R Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - S Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - D Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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14
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Nathan J, Ruscitto A, Pylawka S, Sohraby A, Shawber CJ, Embree MC. Fibrocartilage Stem Cells Engraft and Self-Organize into Vascularized Bone. J Dent Res 2017; 97:329-337. [PMID: 29020504 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517735094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, multicellular process that is critical for bone development and generation. Endochondral ossification depends on an avascular cartilage template that completely remodels into vascularized bone and involves a dynamic interplay among chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and endothelial cells. We have discovered fibrocartilage stem cells (FCSCs) derived from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condyle that generates cartilage anlagen, which is subsequently remodeled into vascularized bone using an ectopic transplantation model. Here we explore FCSC and endothelial cell interactions during vascularized bone formation. We found that a single FCSC colony formed transient cartilage and host endothelial cells may participate in bone angiogenesis upon subcutaneous transplantation in a nude mouse. FCSCs produced an abundance of the proangiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor A and promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Using a fibrinogen gel bead angiogenesis assay experiment, FCSC cell feeder layer induced HUVECs to form significantly shorter and less sprouts than D551 fibroblast controls, suggesting that FCSCs may initially inhibit angiogenesis to allow for avascular cartilage formation. Conversely, direct FCSC-HUVEC contact significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of FCSCs. To corroborate this idea, upon transplantation of FCSCs into a bone defect microenvironment, FCSCs engrafted and regenerated intramembranous bone. Taken together, we demonstrate that the interactions between FCSCs and endothelial cells are essential for FCSC-derived vascularized bone formation. A comprehensive understanding of the environmental cues that regulate FCSC fate decisions may contribute to deciphering the mechanisms underlying the role of FCSCs in regulating bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nathan
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ruscitto
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Pylawka
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sohraby
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C J Shawber
- 2 Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M C Embree
- 1 TMJ Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Son GY, Yang YM, Park WS, Chang I, Shin DM. Hypotonic stress induces RANKL via transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) in human PDL cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:473-81. [PMID: 25595364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514567196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling occurs in response to various types of mechanical stress. The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism at the cellular level has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on the expression of bone remodeling factors, including receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as its upstream signaling pathway in primary human PDL cells. We applied hypotonic stress to reproduce shear stress to PDL cells. Hypotonic stress induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of RANKL but not OPG. It also increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Extracellular Ca(2+) depletion and nonspecific plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel blockers completely inhibited the increase in both [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. We identified the expression and activation of transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) and vaniloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in PDL cells. Pregnenolone sulfate (PS) and 4α-phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), which are agonists of TRPM3 and TRPV4, augmented Ca(2+) influx and RANKL mRNA expression. Both pharmacological (2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [2-APB], ruthenium red [RR], ononetin [Ono], and HC 067047 [HC]) and genetic (small interfering RNA [siRNA]) inhibitors of TRPM3 and TRPV4 reduced the hypotonic stress-mediated increase in [Ca(2+)]i and RANKL mRNA expression. Our study shows that hypotonic stress induced RANKL mRNA expression via TRPM3- and TRPV4-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx and RANKL expression. This signaling pathway in PDL cells may play a critical role in mechanical stress-mediated alveolar bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Son
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y M Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - W S Park
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - I Chang
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - D M Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Abstract
Large mandibular defects are difficult to reconstruct with good functional and aesthetic outcomes because of the complex geometry of craniofacial bone. While the current gold standard is free tissue flap transfer, this treatment is limited in fidelity by the shape of the harvested tissue and can result in significant donor site morbidity. To address these problems, in vivo bioreactors have been explored as an approach to generate autologous prefabricated tissue flaps. These bioreactors are implanted in an ectopic site in the body, where ossified tissue grows into the bioreactor in predefined geometries and local vessels are recruited to vascularize the developing construct. The prefabricated flap can then be harvested with vessels and transferred to a mandibular defect for optimal reconstruction. The objective of this review article is to introduce the concept of the in vivo bioreactor, describe important preclinical models in the field, summarize the human cases that have been reported through this strategy, and offer future directions for this exciting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tatara
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M E Wong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - A G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Carreira AC, Lojudice FH, Halcsik E, Navarro RD, Sogayar MC, Granjeiro JM. Bone morphogenetic proteins: facts, challenges, and future perspectives. J Dent Res 2014; 93:335-45. [PMID: 24389809 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513518561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily, acting as potent regulators during embryogenesis and bone and cartilage formation and repair. Cell and molecular biology approaches have unveiled the great complexity of BMP action, later confirmed by transgenic animal studies. Genetic engineering allows for the production of large amounts of BMPs for clinical use, but they have systematically been associated with a delivery system, such as type I collagen and calcium phosphate ceramics, to ensure controlled release and to maximize their biological activity at the surgical site, avoiding systemic diffusion. Clinical orthopedic studies have shown the benefits of FDA-approved recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) 2 and 7, but side effects, such as swelling, seroma, and increased cancer risk, have been reported, probably due to high BMP dosage. Several studies have supported the use of BMPs in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting, and non-unions in oral surgery. However, the clinical use of BMPs is growing mainly in off-label applications, with robust evidence to ascertain rhBMPs' safety and efficacy through well-designed, randomized, and double-blind clinical trials. Here we review and discuss the critical data on BMP structure, mechanisms of action, and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, and Cell and Molecular Therapy Center NUCEL-NETCEM, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear hematopoietic myeloid lineage cells, which are formed in the bone marrow and are attracted to the bloodstream by factors, including sphingsine-1 phosphate. These circulating precursors are attracted to bone surfaces undergoing resorption by chemokines and other factors expressed at these sites, where they fuse to form multinucleated bone-resorbing cells. All aspects of osteoclast formation and functions are regulated by macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), cytokines essential for osteoclast formation and expressed by a variety of cell types, including osteoblast lineage cells. Since the discovery of RANKL in the mid-1990s, mouse genetic and molecular studies have revealed numerous signaling pathways activated by RANKL and M-CSF. More recent studies indicate that osteoclasts and their precursors regulate immune responses and osteoblast formation and functions by means of direct cell-cell contact through ligands and receptors, such as ephrins and Ephs, and semaphorins and plexins, and through expression of clastokines. There is also growing recognition that osteoclasts are immune cells with roles in immune responses beyond mediating the bone destruction that can accompany them. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast formation and functions and their interactions with other cells in normal and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Boyce
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 626, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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