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Emam SA, Mahran AH, Elshafei MM. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and adaptability of a novel bioceramic root canal sealer: An in vitro and scanning electron microscope study. J Conserv Dent Endod 2024; 27:326-330. [PMID: 38634022 PMCID: PMC11019808 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_40_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Context Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. Aims Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. Materials and Methods Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal's overall area. Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used for adaptability. Results Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups. Conclusions Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Alaa Emam
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Hashem Mahran
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mokbel Elshafei
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
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Song X, Segura-Egea JJ, Díaz-Cuenca A. Sol-Gel Technologies to Obtain Advanced Bioceramics for Dental Therapeutics. Molecules 2023; 28:6967. [PMID: 37836810 PMCID: PMC10574775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review the application of bioceramic materials in the context of current regenerative dentistry therapies, focusing on the latest advances in the synthesis of advanced materials using the sol-gel methodology. Chemical synthesis, processing and therapeutic possibilities are discussed in a structured way, according to the three main types of ceramic materials used in regenerative dentistry: bioactive glasses and glass ceramics, calcium phosphates and calcium silicates. The morphology and chemical composition of these bioceramics play a crucial role in their biological properties and effectiveness in dental therapeutics. The goal is to understand their chemical, surface, mechanical and biological properties better and develop strategies to control their pore structure, shape, size and compositions. Over the past decades, bioceramic materials have provided excellent results in a wide variety of clinical applications related to hard tissue repair and regeneration. Characteristics, such as their similarity to the chemical composition of the mineral phase of bones and teeth, as well as the possibilities offered by the advances in nanotechnology, are driving the development of new biomimetic materials that are required in regenerative dentistry. The sol-gel technique is a method for producing synthetic bioceramics with high purity and homogeneity at the molecular scale and to control the surfaces, interfaces and porosity at the nanometric scale. The intrinsic nanoporosity of materials produced by the sol-gel technique correlates with the high specific surface area, reactivity and bioactivity of advanced bioceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Song
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
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Tokpatayeva R, Olek J, Sahu S. Resistance of Pastes from Carbonated, Low-Lime Calcium Silica Cements to External Sulfate Attack. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4276. [PMID: 37374460 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study on the evaluation of resistance of pastes from carbonated, low-lime calcium silica cements to external sulfate attack. The extent of chemical interaction between sulfate solutions and paste powders was assessed by quantifying the amount of species that leached out from carbonated pastes using ICP-OES and IC techniques. In addition, the loss of carbonates from the carbonated pastes exposed to sulfate solutions and the corresponding amounts of gypsum formed were also monitored by using the TGA and QXRD techniques. The changes in the structure of silica gels were evaluated using FTIR analysis. The results of this study revealed that the level of resistance of carbonated, low-lime calcium silicates to external sulfate attack was affected by the degree of crystallinity of calcium carbonate, the type of calcium silicate, and the type of cation present in the sulfate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raikhan Tokpatayeva
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jan Olek
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Zamparini F, Prati C, Taddei P, Spinelli A, Di Foggia M, Gandolfi MG. Chemical-Physical Properties and Bioactivity of New Premixed Calcium Silicate-Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical−physical properties and bioactivity (apatite-forming ability) of three recently introduced premixed bioceramic root canal sealers containing varied amounts of different calcium silicates (CaSi): a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (1−10% and 20−30%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide and tricalcium aluminate (CERASEAL); a tricalcium silicate (5−15%)-containing sealer with zirconium dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide and lithium carbonate (AH PLUS BIOCERAMIC) and a dicalcium and tricalcium silicate (10% and 25%)-containing sealer with calcium aluminate, tricalcium aluminate and tantalite (NEOSEALER FLO). An epoxy resin-based sealer (AH PLUS) was used as control. The initial and final setting times, radiopacity, flowability, film thickness, open pore volume, water absorption, solubility, calcium release and alkalizing activity were tested. The nucleation of calcium phosphates and/or apatite after 28 days aging in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS) was evaluated by ESEM-EDX, vibrational IR and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The analyses showed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus the longest final setting times (1344 ± 60 and 1300 ± 60 min, respectively), while shorter times for AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal (660 ± 60 and 720 ± 60 min, respectively). Radiopacity, flowability and film thickness complied with ISO 6876/12 for all tested materials. A significantly higher open pore volume was observed for NeoSealer Flo, AH Plus Bioceramic and Ceraseal when compared to AH Plus (p < 0.05), significantly higher values were observed for NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic (p < 0.05). Ceraseal and AH Plus revealed the lowest solubility. All CaSi-containing sealers released calcium and alkalized the soaking water. After 28 days immersion in HBSS, ESEM-EDX analyses revealed the formation of a mineral layer that covered the surface of all bioceramic sealers, with a lower detection of radiopacifiers (Zirconium for Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic, Tantalum for NeoSealer Flo) and an increase in calcium, phosphorous and carbon. The calcium phosphate (CaP) layer was more evident on NeoSealer Flo and AH Plus Bioceramic. IR and micro-Raman revealed the formation of calcium carbonate on the surface of all set materials. A thin layer of a CaP phase was detected only on AH Plus Bioceramic and NeoSealer Flo. Ceraseal did not show CaP deposit despite its highest calcium release among all the tested CaSi-containing sealers. In conclusion, CaSi-containing sealers met the required chemical and physical standards and released biologically relevant ions. Slight/limited apatite nucleation was observed in relation to the high carbonation processes.
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Song X, Díaz-Cuenca A. Sol-Gel Synthesis of Endodontic Cements: Post-Synthesis Treatment to Improve Setting Performance and Bioactivity. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15176051. [PMID: 36079433 PMCID: PMC9457680 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sol-gel process is a wet chemical technique that allows very fine control of the composition, microstructure, and final textural properties of materials, and has great potential for the synthesis of endodontic cements with improved properties. In this work, the influence of different sol-gel synthesis variables on the preparation of endodontic cement based on calcium silicate with Ca/Si stoichiometry equal to 3 was studied. Starting from the most optimal hydraulic composition selected, a novel second post-synthesis treatment using ethanol was essayed. The effects of the tested variables were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and Gillmore needles to determine the setting time and simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion to measure the bioactive response in vitro. The results indicated that the sol-gel technique is effective in obtaining bioactive endodontic cements (BECs) with high content of the hydraulic compound tricalcium silicate (C3S) in its triclinic polymorph. The implementation of a novel post-synthesis treatment at room temperature using ethanol allows obtaining a final BEC product with a finer particle size and a higher CaCO3 content, which results in an improved material in terms of setting time and bioactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Song
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca
- Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), Joint CSIC-University of Seville Center, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. Effects of calcium silicate-based cements on odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential in mesenchymal stem cells. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:66-74. [PMID: 35229930 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects and odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential of Biodentine, NeoMTA Plus and TheraCal LC in tooth germ-derived stem cells (TGSCs). TGSCs were exposed to the material extracts. Biocompatibility was tested with MTS cell proliferation assay. Odonto/osteogenic differentiation was assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mRNA gene expressions (RUNX2, DSPP and DMP-1). Scanning electronic microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and pH analysis were also performed for the materials. Data were evaluated using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. TGSCs remained viable after 7 days of incubation with all tested materials. Biodentine and NeoMTA Plus showed high ALP activity and increased expression of RUNX2, DSPP and DMP-1 compared to that of TheraCal LC. All materials can induce odonto/osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in various levels. Biocompatibility and odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential of Biodentine and NeoMTA Plus are similar and superior to that of TheraCal LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ercal
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
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Paraš S, Trišić D, Mitrović Ajtić O, Antonijević Đ, Čolović B, Drobne D, Jokanović V. Biocompatibility Study of a New Dental Cement Based on Hydroxyapatite and Calcium Silicates: Focus on Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Tissue Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5468. [PMID: 34067318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a new material based on hydroxyapatite and calcium silicates, named ALBO-MPCA, were investigated on the liver, kidney and spleen. The material was administrated orally for 120 days in an in vivo model in Wistar rats, and untreated animals served as a control. Hematological and biochemical blood parameters were analyzed. Qualitative histological analysis of tissues, change in mitotic activity of cells, and histological characteristics was conducted, as well as quantitative stereological analysis of parenchymal cells, blood sinusoids, and connective tissues. Additionally, the protein expressions of Ki67 and CD68 markers were evaluated. Histological analysis revealed no pathological changes after the tested period. It showed the preservation of the architecture of blood sinusoids and epithelial cells and the presence of mitosis. Additionally, the significantly increased number of the Ki67 in the presence of ALBO-MPCA confirmed the proliferative effect of the material noticed by stereological analysis, while immunoreactive CD68 positive cells did not differ between groups. The study showed non-toxicity of the tested material based on the effects on the hematological, biochemical, and observed histological parameters; in addition, it showed evidence of its biocompatibility. These results could be the basis for further steps toward the application of tested materials in endodontics.
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Garbalińska H, Strzałkowski J, Stolarska A. Moisture Influence on Compressive Strength of Calcium Silicate Masonry Units-Experimental Assessment and Normative Calculations. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E3817. [PMID: 32872435 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper primarily assesses the scale of adverse changes to the compressive strength of different types of silicates due to the influence of moisture. The study covers three groups of silicate units of different strength classes-15, 20 and 25-obtained from three different manufacturers. It was demonstrated that in all studied groups, moisture significantly decreased the compressive strength by about 30-40%. In addition, microstructural studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between the specific porosity structure of each group of silicate bricks and their compressive strength. On the basis of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy) analysis, the elemental composition of individual silicates was determined and the contact zone between the aggregate and the binder was determined, which largely influenced the obtained compressive strength of each silicates. Next, the study referred to the utility of the normative procedure used to determine the strength class of samples with different geometries and at different moisture concentrations. The results of the calculations showed the high accuracy of the normative-based assessment of strength class, regardless of the manufacturer and the moisture values during examination.
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Çelik N, Işcan Yapar M, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Nalcı KA. Influence of resveratrol application with pulp-capping materials on the genetic expression levels of stem cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1253-1263. [PMID: 32515014 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the response of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to pulp-capping materials with and without resveratrol (RSV). METHODOLOGY Five materials, Calcimol LC, Life, TheraCal LC, ProRoot MTA and Biodentine, were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Human MSCs were then exposed to these materials, with and without RSV, for 24 h (n = 8). Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, and total cell death was quantified by annexin V-FITC staining with flow cytometry. The expression levels of the IL-8, IL-10, HBD-2 and BCL-2 genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data obtained from MTT test were analysed using one-way anova, and Tukey's multiple-comparison test. The paired Student t test was employed to compare the effects of materials on gene expression (significance level of 5%). RESULTS The group cell viabilities were Calcimol LC 53%, Life 43%, TheraCal LC 78%, ProRoot MTA 75% and Biodentine 78%. Calcimol LC and Life exhibited significant differences compared with the control groups (P < 0.05). The percentages of necrotic/late apoptotic cells associated with Calcimol LC and TheraCal LC were greater than in the other materials. However, when RSV was added to wells containing materials, cell viability increased to Calcimol LC 63%, Life 52%, TheraCal LC 82%, ProRoot MTA 91% and Biodentine 96%, and the percentages of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic cells decreased. Calcimol LC + RSV and Life + RSV differed significantly from the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-8 gene was high for all materials, ProRoot MTA caused significant overexpression, and the addition of RSV reduced the expression of IL-8 in the Calcimol LC, TheraCal LC and ProRoot MTA groups and led to increased expression of IL-10 in the Calcimol LC, Life and Biodentine groups. HBD-2 and BCL-2 exhibited increased expression in ProRoot MTA with RSV (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of RSV exerted a protective effect on MSCs and regulated the inflammatory process by altering the expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Çelik
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Işcan Yapar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - K A Nalcı
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Gandolfi MG, Gardin C, Zamparini F, Ferroni L, Esposti MD, Parchi G, Ercan B, Manzoli L, Fava F, Fabbri P, Prati C, Zavan B. Mineral-Doped Poly(L-lactide) Acid Scaffolds Enriched with Exosomes Improve Osteogenic Commitment of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E432. [PMID: 32121340 PMCID: PMC7153699 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are extracellular vesicles released to facilitate cell communication and function. Recently, polylactic acid (PLA), calcium silicates (CaSi), and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) have been used to produce bioresorbable functional mineral-doped porous scaffolds-through thermally induced phase separation technique, as materials for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mineral-doped PLA-based porous scaffolds enriched with exosome vesicles (EVs) on osteogenic commitment of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs). Two different mineral-doped scaffolds were produced: PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD and PLA-5CaSi-5DCPD. Scaffolds surface micromorphology was investigated by ESEM-EDX before and after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid (HBSS). Exosomes were deposited on the surface of the scaffolds and the effect of exosome-enriched scaffolds on osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs cultured in proximity of the scaffolds has been evaluated by real time PCR. In addition, the biocompatibility was evaluated by direct-contact seeding hAD-MSCs on scaffolds surface-using MTT viability test. In both formulations, ESEM showed pores similar in shape (circular and elliptic) and size (from 10-30 µm diameter). The porosity of the scaffolds decreased after 28 days immersion in simulated body fluid. Mineral-doped scaffolds showed a dynamic surface and created a suitable bone-forming microenvironment. The presence of the mineral fillers increased the osteogenic commitment of hAD-MSCs. Exosomes were easily entrapped on the surface of the scaffolds and their presence improved gene expression of major markers of osteogenesis such as collagen type I, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteocalcin. The experimental scaffolds enriched with exosomes, in particular PLA-10CaSi-10DCPD, increased the osteogenic commitment of MSCs. In conclusion, the enrichment of bioresorbable functional scaffolds with exosomes is confirmed as a potential strategy to improve bone regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Degli Esposti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Parchi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Institute of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Fava
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Fabbri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Fan ML, He LB, Li JY. [Recent advances in direct pulp capping materials]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 36:675-680. [PMID: 30593117 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effect of direct pulp capping and pulpotomy is closely related to the type of pulp capping materials. Various kinds of direct pulp capping materials are available, such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregates. Diverse new pulp capping materials have been reported recently. The excellent performance of calcium silicates has attracted much attention in previous studies. Moreover, enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), which is capable of regeneration and remineralization, and other materials with similar capabilities have shown potential for use in pulp capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Bang He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ji-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen S, Shi L, Luo J, Engqvist H. Novel Fast-Setting Mineral Trioxide Aggregate: Its Formulation, Chemical-Physical Properties, and Cytocompatibility. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:20334-20341. [PMID: 29787235 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks that limits the application of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in dental field is its long setting time. Mineral trioxide aggregate with accelerated setting properties and excellent chemical-physical and biological properties is still required. In this study, an innovative mineral trioxide aggregate, which consists of calcium silicates, calcium aluminates, and zirconium oxide, was designed to obtain fast-setting property. The optimized formulation can achieve initial setting in 10 min and final setting in 15 min, which are much faster than commercial mineral trioxide aggregate. In addition, the optimized fast-setting MTA showed adequate radiopacity and good biocompatibility. The ion concentrations after storage in water for 1 day were 52.3 mg/L Ca, 67.7 mg/L Al, 48.8 mg/L Si, and 11.7 mg/L Mg. The hydration products of hardened cements were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared, showing the accelerated setting time was due to the formation of honeycomb-like calcium silicate hydrate gel. The novel MTA could be a promising material for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liyang Shi
- College of Biology , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
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Cetenovic B, Prokic B, Vasilijic S, Dojcinovic B, Magic M, Jokanovic V, Markovic D. Biocompatibility Investigation of New Endodontic Materials Based on Nanosynthesized Calcium Silicates Combined with Different Radiopacifiers. J Endod 2018; 43:425-432. [PMID: 28231981 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article was to analyze biocompatibility and bioactivity of new endodontic materials on the basis of nanosynthesized calcium silicates (ALBO-MPCA1 and ALBO-MPCA2) combined with different radiopacifiers in comparison with MTA+. METHODS Morphology of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and the pH and ion release analysis were also assessed. Biocompatibility of materials' eluates (24-hour, 7-day, and 21-day) was conducted by using MTT test. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used for intraosseous implantation. Four calvarial defects per animal were created and filled with freshly prepared investigated materials. RESULTS Samples mostly consisted of agglomerates built up from nanoparticles, preferably spherical and rod-like. There was no significant difference among pH values of materials' eluates after 24 hours (P > .05). The amount of calcium and aluminum ion release decreased, whereas the amount of magnesium and bismuth (ALBO-MPCA1, MTA+) and barium (ALBO-MPCA2) increased during 21-day period. The metabolic activity of cells increased after the extraction time, except in case of undiluted elutes of ALBO-MPCA2 and ALBO-MPCA1 (21-day). Histologic analysis of the samples revealed newly formed bone tissue with moderate inflammation for all investigated materials, which subsided during 90-day period to mild. Both MTA+ and ALBO-MPCA1 were in direct contact with the newly formed bone tissue. After 90 days, statistically significant difference in hard tissue formation was observed in comparison of MTA+ and ALBO-MPCA1 with control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Experimental materials ALBO-MPCA1 and ALBO-MPCA2 possess both biocompatibility and bioactivity. Because ALBO-MPCA1 provokes favorable biological response, it is especially good candidate for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Cetenovic
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bogomir Prokic
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedy and Ophtalmology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Vasilijic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojcinovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Magic
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vukoman Jokanovic
- Department of Atomic Physics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Markovic
- Clinic for Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Kahler B, Chugal N, Lin LM. Alkaline Materials and Regenerative Endodontics: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10121389. [PMID: 29206139 PMCID: PMC5744324 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periapical health is the primary goal of endodontic treatment in mature and immature teeth. In addition, the goals of treatment of immature teeth with arrested root development include root growth to length and maturation of the apex, as well as thickening of the canal wall. These goals are valid for immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma and dental caries or that are the result of developmental anomalies that expose the tooth to the risk of pulp necrosis and consequently result in the cessation of root maturation. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have been described as a “paradigm shift” in the treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis and underdeveloped roots, as there is the potential for further root maturation and return of vitality. Treatment with REPs is advocated as the treatment of choice for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. REP protocols involve the use of alkaline biomaterials, primarily sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregates and Biodentine, and are the essential components of a successful treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Kahler
- The School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Nadia Chugal
- School of Dentistry, UCLA, CHS A3-075, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
| | - Louis M Lin
- College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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15
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Jalilvand S, Shahsavari R. Molecular mechanistic origin of nanoscale contact, friction, and scratch in complex particulate systems. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:3362-3372. [PMID: 25552227 DOI: 10.1021/am506411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale contact mechanisms, such as friction, scratch, and wear, have a profound impact on physics of technologically important particulate systems. Determining the key underlying interparticle interactions that govern the properties of the particulate systems has been long an engineering challenge. Here, we focus on particulate calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) as a model system and use atomistic simulations to decode the interplay between crystallographic directions, structural defects, and atomic species on normal and frictional forces. By exhibiting high material inhomogeneity and low structural symmetry, C-S-H provides an excellent system to explore various contact-induced nanoscale deformation mechanisms in complex particulate systems. Our findings provide a deep fundamental understanding of the role of inherent material features, such as van der Waals versus Coulombic interactions and the role of atomic species, in controlling the nanoscale normal contact, friction, and scratch mechanisms, thereby providing de novo insight and strategies for intelligent modulation of the physics of the particulate systems. This work is the first report on atomic-scale investigation of the contact-induced nanoscale mechanisms in structurally complex C-S-H materials and can potentially open new opportunities for knowledge-based engineering of several other particulate systems such as ceramics, sands, and powders and self-assembly of colloidal systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Jalilvand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, and §Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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Wu J, Zhu YJ, Chen F. Ultrathin calcium silicate hydrate nanosheets with large specific surface areas: synthesis, crystallization, layered self-assembly and applications as excellent adsorbents for drug, protein, and metal ions. Small 2013; 9:2911-2925. [PMID: 23585365 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost solution synthesis is reported for low-crystalline 1.4 nm tobermorite-like calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) ultrathin nanosheets with a thickness of ~2.8 nm and with a large specific surface area (SSA), via a reaction-rate-controlled precipitation process. The BET SSA of the CSH ultrathin nanosheets can reach as high as 505 m(2) g(-1) . The CSH ultrathin nanosheets have little cytotoxicity and can be converted to anhydrous calcium silicate (ACS) ultrathin nanosheets with a well preserved morphology via a heat treatment process. The crystallinity of CSH ultrathin nanosheets can be improved by solvothermal treatment in water/ethanol binary solvents or a single solvent of water, producing well-crystalline 1.1 nm tobermorite-like CSH nanobelts or nanosheets. CSH ultrathin nanosheets acting as building blocks can self-assemble into layered nanostructures via three different routes. The CSH ultrathin nanosheets are investigated as promising adsorbents for protein (hemoglobin, Hb), drug (ibuprofen, IBU), and metal ions (Cr(3+) , Ni(2+) , Cu(2+) , Zn(2+) , Cd(2+) , Pb(2+) ). The highest adsorbed percentages of Hb and IBU are found to be 83% and 94%, respectively. The highest adsorption capacities of Hb and IBU are found to be as high as 878 milligram Hb per gram CSH and 2.2 gram IBU per gram CSH, respectively. The ppm level metal ions can be totally adsorbed from aqueous solution in just a few minutes. Thus, the CSH ultrathin nanosheets are a promising candidate as excellent adsorbents in the biomedical field and for waste water treatment. Several empirical laws are summarized based on the adsorption profiles of Hb and IBU using CSH ultrathin nanosheets as the adsorbent. Furthermore, the ACS ultrathin nanosheets as adsorbents for Hb protein and IBU drug are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance, Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China, Tel.: +86-21-52412616; Fax: +86-21-52413122
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